scholarly journals Tracing the Distribution of European Lactase Persistence Genotypes Along the Americas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cecília Guimarães Alves ◽  
Natalie Mary Sukow ◽  
Gabriel Adelman Cipolla ◽  
Marla Mendes ◽  
Thiago P. Leal ◽  
...  

In adulthood, the ability to digest lactose, the main sugar present in milk of mammals, is a phenotype (lactase persistence) observed in historically herder populations, mainly Northern Europeans, Eastern Africans, and Middle Eastern nomads. As the –13910∗T allele in the MCM6 gene is the most well-characterized allele responsible for the lactase persistence phenotype, the –13910C > T (rs4988235) polymorphism is commonly evaluated in lactase persistence studies. Lactase non-persistent adults may develop symptoms of lactose intolerance when consuming dairy products. In the Americas, there is no evidence of the consumption of these products until the arrival of Europeans. However, several American countries’ dietary guidelines recommend consuming dairy for adequate human nutrition and health promotion. Considering the extensive use of dairy and the complex ancestry of Pan-American admixed populations, we studied the distribution of –13910C > T lactase persistence genotypes and its flanking haplotypes of European origin in 7,428 individuals from several Pan-American admixed populations. We found that the –13910∗T allele frequency in Pan-American admixed populations is directly correlated with allele frequency of the European sources. Moreover, we did not observe any overrepresentation of European haplotypes in the –13910C > T flanking region, suggesting no selective pressure after admixture in the Americas. Finally, considering the dominant effect of the –13910∗T allele, our results indicate that Pan-American admixed populations are likely to have higher frequency of lactose intolerance, suggesting that general dietary guidelines deserve further evaluation across the continent.

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Figueira ◽  
Felicity Curtain ◽  
Eleanor Beck ◽  
Sara Grafenauer

While health benefits of legume consumption are well documented, intake is well below recommendations in many Western cultures, and little is known regarding culinary use and consumer understanding of these foods. This study aimed to investigate consumption, knowledge, attitudes, and culinary use of legumes in a convenience sample of Australians. An online computer-based survey was used to gather data and demographic characteristics. Respondents (505 individuals answered in full or in part) were regular consumers of legumes (177/376 consumed legumes 2–4 times weekly). Chickpeas, green peas, and kidney beans were most often consumed, and were made into most commonly Mexican, then Indian and Middle Eastern meals. Consumers correctly identified protein and dietary fibre (37%) as key nutritional attributes. For non-consumers (7%; 34/463), taste, a lack of knowledge of how to prepare and include legumes, and the time taken to prepare, along with family preferences, hindered consumption. Participants identified the food category as “beans” rather than “legumes”, and this may have implications for dietary guidance at an individual and policy level. Addressing barriers to consumption, perhaps through food innovation, emphasizing positive health attributes, and clarification within dietary guidelines, are important considerations for increasing consumption of legumes.


Author(s):  
O. E. Elekwachi ◽  
O. C. Afam-Anene ◽  
C. O. Asinobi

Objective: The study assessed milk consumption and prevalence of lactose intolerance among self-perceived lactose intolerant students of Abia State Polytechnic, Aba. Subject and Methods: The study involved 121 self-reported lactose intolerants students from which 76 students with confirmed cases of lactose intolerant were selected from two purposively selected departments namely: Food Science and Technology (F.S.T) and Hospitality Management Technology (H.M.T) Abia State Polytechnic Aba. Questionnaires were used to collect information on dairy consumption and self- perceived intolerance to milk; while milk tolerance test was used to investigate the incidence of lactose tolerance among the student Results: The result shows that self-perceived lactose intolerance was higher (89%) than the estimated prevalence of (79%) among the students. The majority of the students consumed milk and dairy products, with percentages of 100%, 82%, 72%, and 100% for milk, ice cream, yoghurt, and flavored dairy products, respectively. The frequency and serving portions consumed per day were small. The percentages were 24%, 17%, 16%, and 15% for milk, ice cream, yoghurt, and flavored dairy products, respectively. None of the subjects consumed up to 2 serving of milk per day. Conclusion: The result shows that a high percentage of the students still consume milk and dairy products, irrespective of their lactose intolerance. This suggests that lactose intolerance could not stop the subjects from consuming milk and dairy products. The low frequency of daily consumers of milk and dairy products coupled with small portion sizes of milk and dairy products indicates that dairy consumption among the subjects was poor and inappropriate. Inappropriate consumption of milk and dairy products would fail to meet the nutritional needs of the consumer.


1974 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-419
Author(s):  
Charlette R. Gallagher ◽  
Ann L. Molleson ◽  
James H. Caldwell

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Siyue Tan ◽  
Haiwen Lu ◽  
Ruier Song ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Mingming Xue ◽  
...  

Abstract In this study, we analysed the prevalence of diabetes in Inner Mongolia and explored the relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes using the Chinese Dietary Balance Index-16 (DBI-16). This study was a surveillance survey of Chronic Disease and Nutrition Monitoring among Chinese Adults in Inner Mongolia in 2015. Dietary data were collected using the 24-h dietary recall and weighing method over 3 consecutive days. Dietary quality was evaluated via the DBI-16. A generalized linear model was used to examine the associations between the DBI-16 and dietary patterns. The relationship between dietary patterns and diabetes was analysed using logistic regression. In Inner Mongolia, the diabetes prevalence was 8.5%, and the estimated standardized prevalence was 6.0%. Four major dietary patterns were identified: ‘meat/dairy products’, ‘traditional northern’, ‘high cereal/tuber’ and ‘high-salt/alcohol’. Generalized linear models showed that the ‘meat/dairy products’ pattern was relatively balanced (βLBS = −1.993, βHBS = −0.206, βDQD = −2.199; all P<0.05) and was associated with a lower diabetes risk (odds ratio [OR]: 0.565; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.338–0.945; P<0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders. The other three dietary patterns (i.e., ‘traditional northern’, ‘high cereal/tuber’ and ‘high-salt/alcohol’) exhibited relatively unbalanced dietary quality and were unassociated with diabetes risk. Diabetes prevalence in Inner Mongolia was moderate. The dietary quality of the ‘meat/dairy products’ pattern was relatively balanced and was correlated with a decreased risk of diabetes prevalence, suggesting that dietary quality may help decrease the diabetes prevalence and provide a suggestion for local dietary guidelines.


Beverages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Nazhand ◽  
Eliana B. Souto ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Selma B. Souto ◽  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
...  

The growing global interest in functional foods containing nutrients capable of adding possible beneficial health effects is rapidly increasing both interest and consumer demand. In particular, functionalized beverages for their potential positive effect on health e.g., decreasing cholesterol level, lowering sugar, high fiber content, ability to enhance the immune system, and help digestion, have recently received special attention. Among the different beverages available on the market, probiotic dairy and non-dairy products have attracted much attention because of their affordable cost and their numerous therapeutic activities. Fermented milk and yogurt are currently worth €46 billion, with 77% of the market reported in Europe, North America, and Asia. Consumption of dairy beverages has some limitations due for example to lactose intolerance and allergy to milk proteins, thereby leading consumers to use non-dairy beverages such as fruit, grains, and vegetable juices to add probiotics to diet as well as driving the manufacturers to food matrices-based beverages containing probiotic cultures. The purpose of this review article is to evaluate the therapeutic performance and properties of dairy and non-dairy beverages in terms of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic activities.


1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Bannan ◽  
Michael D. Levitt

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Jung-Whan Chon ◽  
Kun-Ho Seo ◽  
Dongkwan Jeong ◽  
Kwang-Young Song

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