scholarly journals Geographical Landscape and Transmission Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Variants Across India: A Longitudinal Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Jha ◽  
Dwight Hall ◽  
Akshay Kanakan ◽  
Priyanka Mehta ◽  
Ranjeet Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Detection And Tracking ◽  
Prevalent Strain ◽  
Public Repositories ◽  
Aid Decision

Globally, SARS-CoV-2 has moved from one tide to another with ebbs in between. Genomic surveillance has greatly aided the detection and tracking of the virus and the identification of the variants of concern (VOC). The knowledge and understanding from genomic surveillance is important for a populous country like India for public health and healthcare officials for advance planning. An integrative analysis of the publicly available datasets in GISAID from India reveals the differential distribution of clades, lineages, gender, and age over a year (Apr 2020–Mar 2021). The significant insights include the early evidence towards B.1.617 and B.1.1.7 lineages in the specific states of India. Pan-India longitudinal data highlighted that B.1.36* was the predominant clade in India until January–February 2021 after which it has gradually been replaced by the B.1.617.1 lineage, from December 2020 onward. Regional analysis of the spread of SARS-CoV-2 indicated that B.1.617.3 was first seen in India in the month of October in the state of Maharashtra, while the now most prevalent strain B.1.617.2 was first seen in Bihar and subsequently spread to the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and West Bengal. To enable a real time understanding of the transmission and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 genomes, we built a transmission map available on https://covid19-indiana.soic.iupui.edu/India/EmergingLineages/April2020/to/March2021. Based on our analysis, the rate estimate for divergence in our dataset was 9.48 e-4 substitutions per site/year for SARS-CoV-2. This would enable pandemic preparedness with the addition of future sequencing data from India available in the public repositories for tracking and monitoring the VOCs and variants of interest (VOI). This would help aid decision making from the public health perspective.

The role of the internet in suicide prevention from the public health perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 683-698
Author(s):  
Michael Westerlund ◽  
Karolina Krysinska
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Media Platforms

An overview of research on suicide and the internet, as well as the practical applications of online interventions in suicide prevention efforts is given. The text presents how much material about suicide is available online and what are the contents, with a special focus on pro-suicide and harmful online material and communication, and how people at risk of suicide use the internet. The topic of advantages and dangers of suicide-related material available on social media platforms will be covered. The range and effectiveness of online and web-based crisis interventions are discussed, along with support available online for people bereaved by suicide. The text also presents existing efforts on regulation and legislation in relation to suicide-related websites and content.

Looking Forward to the Past? The Politics of Public Health

1991 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Baggott
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
The Political ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Agents ◽  
Public Health Reform ◽  
Public Health Movement

ABSTRACTThis article explores the role of political agents, institutions, circumstances, and ideas in the development of public health policies in Britain. The first part attempts to define public health. The second section of the article looks at the experience of the Victorian public health movement. The final part considers the re-emergence of the public health perspective. The underlying theme of the article is that an awareness of the political dimension, both contemporary and historical, improves our understanding of developments in the field of public health. The main conclusions reached are: first, that given the formidable political obstacles which exist, public health reform will only succeed if the reformers themselves operate with full awareness of the political dimension; second, that the modern public health debate is unlikely to be resolved in the short term.

scholarly journals The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2 (WHODAS 2.0): remarks on the need to revise the WHODAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamyr Castro ◽  
Camila Ferreira Leite ◽  
Michaela Coenen ◽  
Cassia Maria Buchalla
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Whodas 2.0 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Functioning Assessment

Functioning and disability are concepts in increasing use in clinical settings and in public health. From the public health perspective, the use of functioning as a third health indicator could show more than the frequency of a disease and its death rates, offering information on how the population performs its activities and participation. Clinically, the functioning assessment can provide information for patient-centered health care and specific clinical interventions according to their functioning profile. WHODAS 2.0 is a generic tool to assess health and functioning according to the ICF functioning model. It is an alternative to assess functioning in a less time-consuming way, whereas the duration of the application is one of the main ICF critiques. This paper aims to present some of WHODAS 2.0 inconsistencies and weaknesses as well as strategies to cope with them. In this paper, we present some weaknesses related to the WHODAS layout; wording and scoring process. Some suggestions for strategies to correct these weaknesses are presented, as well.

scholarly journals The Public Health perspective on Migratory Health – Displaced Populations in Global Disease Epidemics

10.5772/59069 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Fokunang ◽  
Estella Tembe-Fokunang ◽  
Zacharia Sando ◽  
Marceline Ngounoue Djuidje ◽  
Barbara Atogho Tiedeu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Displaced Populations ◽  
Disease Epidemics

Examining Gambling Issues From a Public Health Perspective

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Korn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Gambling Behavior ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Negative Impacts

Public health has a tradition of addressing emerging and complex health matters that affect the whole population as well as specific groups. AIDS, environmental tobacco smoke and violence are examples of contemporary health concerns that have benefited from public health analysis and involvement. This article encourages the adoption of a public health perspective on gambling issues. Gambling has been studied from a number of perspectives, including economic, moral, addiction and mental health. The value of a public health viewpoint is that it examines the broad impact of gambling rather than focusing solely on problem and pathological gambling behavior in individuals. It takes into consideration the wider health, social and economic costs and benefits; it gives priority to the needs of vulnerable and disadvantaged people; and it emphasizes prevention and harm reduction. This paper looks at the public health foundations of epidemiology, disease control and healthy public policy, and applies them to gambling. Major public health issues are analyzed within a North American context, including problem gambling trends amongst the general adult population and youth, and their impact on other specific populations. There is significant opportunity for public health to contribute its skills, methodologies and experience to the range of gambling issues. By understanding gambling and its potential impacts on the public's health, policy makers, health practitioners and community leaders can minimize gambling's negative impacts and optimize its benefits.

Health psychology and the public health perspective: In search of the pump handle.

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol W. Runyan ◽  
Robert F. DeVellis ◽  
Brenda M. DeVellis ◽  
Godfrey M. Hochbaum
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Psychology ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public

scholarly journals Towards prevention of vitamin D deficiency and beyond: knowledge gaps and research needs in vitamin D nutrition and public health

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1617-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Cashman ◽  
Mairead Kiely
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
The North

The North American Institute of Medicine (IOM) recently published their report on dietary reference intakes (DRI) for Ca and vitamin D. The DRI committee's deliberations underpinning this most comprehensive report on vitamin D nutrition to date benefited hugely from a much expanded knowledge base in vitamin D over the last decade or more. However, since their release, the vitamin D DRI have been the subject of intense controversy, which is largely due to the persistence of fundamental knowledge gaps in vitamin D. These can be identified at the levels of exposure, metabolism, storage, status, dose–response, function and beneficial or adverse health effects, as well as safe and effective application of intake recommendations at the population level through sustainable food-based approaches. The present review provides a brief overview of the approach used by the IOM committee to revise the DRI for vitamin D and to collate from a number of authoritative sources key knowledge gaps in vitamin D nutrition from the public health perspective. A number of research topics are outlined and data requirements within these are identified and mapped to the risk assessment framework used by the DRI committee. While not intended as an exhaustive list, it provides a basis for organising and prioritising research efforts in the area of vitamin D, which may offer a perspective on the major areas in need of attention. It is intended to be of use to researchers, national policy makers, the public health community, industry groups and other relevant stakeholders including funding institutions.

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