dFRAME: A Video Recording-Based Analytical Method for Studying Feeding Rhythm in Drosophila

Animals, from insects to humans, exhibit obvious diurnal rhythmicity of feeding behavior. Serving as a genetic animal model, Drosophila has been reported to display feeding rhythms; however, related investigations are limited due to the lack of suitable and practical methods. Here, we present a video recording-based analytical method, namely, Drosophila Feeding Rhythm Analysis Method (dFRAME). Using our newly developed computer program, FlyFeeding, we extracted the movement track of individual flies and characterized their food-approaching behavior. To distinguish feeding and no-feeding events, we utilized high-magnification video recording to optimize our method by setting cut-off thresholds to eliminate the interference of no-feeding events. Furthermore, we verified that this method is applicable to both female and male flies and for all periods of the day. Using this method, we analyzed long-term feeding status of wild-type and period mutant flies. The results recaptured previously reported feeding rhythms and revealed detailed profiles of feeding patterns in these flies under either light/dark cycles or constant dark environments. Together, our dFRAME method enables a long-term, stable, reliable, and subtle analysis of feeding behavior in Drosophila. High-throughput studies in this powerful genetic animal model will gain great insights into the molecular and neural mechanisms of feeding rhythms.

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Comparison of the antiepileptogenic effects of an early long-term treatment with ethosuximide or levetiracetam in a genetic animal model of absence epilepsy

Epilepsia ◽

10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02400.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 51 (8) ◽

pp. 1560-1569 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Emilio Russo ◽

Rita Citraro ◽

Francesca Scicchitano ◽

Salvatore De Fazio ◽

Eugenio D. Di Paola ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Absence Epilepsy ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Genetic Animal Model ◽

Long Term Treatment

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Refeeding signal in fasting-incubating king penguins: changes in behavior and egg temperature

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.6.r2104 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 279 (6) ◽

pp. R2104-R2112 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

R. Groscolas ◽

F. Decrock ◽

M.-A. Thil ◽

C. Fayolle ◽

C. Boissery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Body Mass ◽

Video Monitoring ◽

Energy Status ◽

Interindividual Differences ◽

Store Depletion ◽

Feeding Stimulation

This study is directed toward understanding the process of feeding stimulation (“refeeding signal”) that has been suggested to operate below a body mass threshold or critical metabolic status in spontaneously fasting birds. Behavior and egg temperature (Tegg) were continuously monitored by video monitoring and biotelemetry, respectively, in fasting-incubating king penguins kept in a pen to prevent relief by the partner until spontaneous egg abandonment. Penned birds fasted 10 days more and lost 1.2 kg more than birds relieved normally by their partner, abandoning the egg about 1 wk after reaching a critical body mass. Definitive egg abandonment was preceded by transitory abandonments of progressively increasing duration during which time the birds went further and further away from their egg. There were marked interindividual differences but on average transitory abandonments began 36 ± 5 h before the definitive abandonment and were paralleled by resumption of display songs signaling the readiness of the bird to depart for feeding. Teggwas maintained at around 35.7°C during normal incubation but significantly decreased the last 2 days before egg abandonment. These changes are interpreted as reflecting a stimulation to refeed at a threshold body mass corresponding to a critical fat store depletion. Thus the fasting-incubating king penguin appears to be an interesting animal model for understanding the long-term metabolic control of feeding behavior in relation to energy status.

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Long-term antidepressant treatment restores clonidine's effect on growth hormone secretion in a genetic animal model of depression

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ◽

10.1016/s0091-3057(96)00080-9 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 265-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charanjit S. Aulakh ◽

Pascale Mazzola-Pomietto ◽

Dennis L. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Animal Model ◽

Antidepressant Treatment ◽

Hormone Secretion ◽

Growth Hormone Secretion ◽

Genetic Animal Model ◽

Animal Model Of Depression ◽

Effect On Growth

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The long-term effects of methamphetamine exposure during pre-adolescence on depressive-like behaviour in a genetic animal model of depression

Metabolic Brain Disease ◽

10.1007/s11011-015-9765-y ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 63-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Moné Mouton ◽

Brian H. Harvey ◽

Marike Cockeran ◽

Christiaan B. Brink

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Genetic Animal Model ◽

Animal Model Of Depression

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Disruption of the astrocyte–neuron interaction is responsible for the impairments in learning and memory in 5XFAD mice: an Alzheimer’s disease animal model

Molecular Brain ◽

10.1186/s13041-021-00823-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Moonseok Choi ◽

Sang-Min Lee ◽

Dongsoo Kim ◽

Heh-In Im ◽

Hye-Sun Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Animal Model ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Term Memory ◽

Stat3 Phosphorylation ◽

Neuron Interactions ◽

5Xfad Mice

AbstractThe morphological dynamics of astrocytes are altered in the hippocampus during memory induction. Astrocyte–neuron interactions on synapses are called tripartite synapses. These control the synaptic function in the central nervous system. Astrocytes are activated in a reactive state by STAT3 phosphorylation in 5XFAD mice, an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model. However, changes in astrocyte–neuron interactions in reactive or resting-state astrocytes during memory induction remain to be defined. Here, we investigated the time-dependent changes in astrocyte morphology and the number of astrocyte–neuron interactions in the hippocampus over the course of long-term memory formation in 5XFAD mice. Hippocampal-dependent long-term memory was induced using a contextual fear conditioning test in 5XFAD mice. The number of astrocytic processes increased in both wild-type and 5XFAD mice during memory formation. To assess astrocyte–neuron interactions in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, we counted the colocalization of glial fibrillary acidic protein and postsynaptic density protein 95 via immunofluorescence. Both groups revealed an increase in astrocyte–neuron interactions after memory induction. At 24 h after memory formation, the number of tripartite synapses returned to baseline levels in both groups. However, the total number of astrocyte–neuron interactions was significantly decreased in 5XFAD mice. Administration of Stattic, a STAT3 phosphorylation inhibitor, rescued the number of astrocyte–neuron interactions in 5XFAD mice. In conclusion, we suggest that a decreased number of astrocyte–neuron interactions may underlie memory impairment in the early stages of AD.

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Control of feeding motor output by paracerebral neurons in brain of Pleurobranchaea californica

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.1982.47.5.885 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 885-908 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

R. Gillette ◽

M. P. Kovac ◽

W. J. Davis

Keyword(s):

Feeding Behavior ◽

Action Potentials ◽

Tactile Stimulation ◽

Natural Food ◽

Buccal Ganglion ◽

Pleurobranchaea Californica ◽

Feeding Rhythm ◽

Intracellular Stimulation ◽

Motor Rhythm ◽

Stimulation Of

1. A population of interneurons that control feeding behavior in the mollusk Pleurobranchaea has been analyzed by dye injection and intracellular stimulation/recording in whole animals and reduced preparations. The population consists of 12-16 somata distributed in two bilaterally symmetrical groups on the anterior edge of the cerebropleural ganglion (brain). On the basis of their position adjacent to the cerebral lobes, these cells have been named paracerebral neurons (PCNs). This study concerns pme subset pf [MCs. the large, phasic ones, which have the strongest effect on the feeding rhythm (21). 2. Each PCN sends a descending axon via the ipsilateral cerebrobuccal connective to the buccal ganglion. Axon branches have not been detected in other brain or buccal nerves and hence the PCNs appear to be interneurons. 3. In whole-animal preparations, tonic intracellular depolarization of the PNCs causes them to discharge cyclic bursts of action potentials interrupted by a characteristic hyperpolarization. In all specimens that exhibit feeding behavior, the interburst hyperpolarization is invariably accompanied by radula closure and the beginning of proboscis retraction (the "bite"). No other behavorial effect of PCN stimulation has been observed. 4. In whole-animal preparations, the PCNs are excited by food and tactile stimulation of the oral veil, rhinophores, and tentacles. When such stimuli induce feeding the PCNs discharge in the same bursting pattern seen during tonic PCN depolarization, with the cyclic interburst hyperpolarization phase locked to the bit. When specimens egest an unpalatable object by cyclic buccal movements, however, the PCNs are silent. The PCNs therefore exhibit properties expected of behaviorally specific "command" neurons for feeding. 5. Silencing one or two PCNs by hyperpolarization may weaken but does not prevent feeding induced by natural food stimuli. Single PCNs therefore can be sufficient but are not necessary to induction of feeding behavior. Instead the PCNs presumably operate as a population to control feeding. 6. In isolated nervous system preparations tonic extracellular stimulation of the stomatogastric nerve of the buccal ganglion elicits a cyclic motor rhythm that is similar in general features to the PNC-induced motor rhythm. Bursts of PCN action potentials intercalated at the normal phase position in this cycle intensify the buccal rhythm. Bursts of PCN impulses intercalated at abnormal phase positions reset the buccal rhythm. The PCNs, therefore, also exhibit properties expected of pattern-generator elements and/or coordinating neurons for the buccal rhythm. 7. The PCNs are recruited into activity when the buccal motor rhythm is elicited by stomatogastric nerve stimulation or stimulation of the reidentifiable ventral white cell. The functional synergy between the PCNs and the buccal rhythm is therefore reciprocal. 8...

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A dual approach to self-stimulation and locomotor trace affected by chronic methamphetamine treatment for an animal model of schizophrenia

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y93-050 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (5-6) ◽

pp. 321-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Morikuni Takigawa ◽

Hiroshi Maeda ◽

Kenichi Ueyama ◽

Hidefumi Tominaga ◽

Kei Matsumoto

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Disease Model ◽

Stereotyped Behavior ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Dual Approach ◽

Reverse Tolerance ◽

Self Stimulation ◽

Dose Dependent

The effect of long-term methamphetamine (MAP) treatment on intracranial self-stimulation of the lateral hypotholamus and locomotor traces was assessed. An attempt was made to provide a useful animal model for understanding anhedonia, stereotypy, and reoccurrence of liability, which are analogous to symptoms of schizophrenia. The frequency of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) as used as a measure of the animals' "hedonic–anhedonic" state. Following long-term MAP treatment (3 mg/kg), rats gradually showed stereotyped behavior, and became inactive and unresponsive to ICSS. These behavioral changes and decreased ICSS lasted several weeks after cessation of chronic MAP treatment and seemed to suggest post-MAP chronic psychosis and (or) anhedonia, two of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The traces of rat behavior affected by chronic MAP treatment were classified into three types, peripheral, mixed, and fixed, occurring in a dose-dependent manner. Reverse tolerance, similar to the reoccurrence of schizophrenic symptoms, was observed as a fixed stereotypy associated with loss of ICSS. These abnormal phenomena were suppressed by pretreatment with haloperidol. In the present study, the combination of ICSS and locomotor trace affected by chronic MAP treatment was proposed as an animal model of schizophrenia and as a useful technique for gauging the effect of neuroleptics.Key words: self-stimulation, anhedonia, stereotypy, reverse tolerance, animal disease model, schizophrenia, methamphetamine.

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