Genomic Analysis of Visceral Fat Accumulation in Holstein Cows

Visceral fat is related to important metabolic processes, including insulin sensitivity and lipid mobilization. The goal of this study was to identify individual genes, pathways, and molecular processes implicated in visceral fat deposition in dairy cows. Data from 172 genotyped Holstein cows classified at slaughterhouse as having low (n = 77; omental fold <5 mm in thickness and minimum fat deposition in omentum) or high (n = 95; omental fold ≥20 mm in thickness and marked fat deposition in omentum) omental fat were analyzed. The identification of regions with significant additive and non-additive genetic effects was performed using a two-step mixed model-based approach. Genomic scans were followed by gene-set analyses in order to reveal the genetic mechanisms controlling abdominal obesity. The association mapping revealed four regions located on BTA19, BTA20 and BTA24 with significant additive effects. These regions harbor genes, such as SMAD7, ANKRD55, and the HOXB family, that are implicated in lipolysis and insulin tolerance. Three regions located on BTA1, BTA13, and BTA24 showed marked non-additive effects. These regions harbor genes MRAP, MIS18A, PRNP and TSHZ1, that are directly implicated in adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. The gene-set analysis revealed functional terms related to cell arrangement, cell metabolism, cell proliferation, cell signaling, immune response, lipid metabolism, and membrane permeability, among other functions. We further evaluated the genetic link between visceral fat and two metabolic disorders, ketosis, and displaced abomasum. For this, we analyzed 28k records of incidence of metabolic disorders from 14k cows across lactations using a single-step genomic BLUP approach. Notably, the region on BTA20 significantly associated with visceral fat deposition was also associated with the incidence of displaced abomasum. Overall, our findings suggest that visceral fat deposition in dairy cows is controlled by both additive and non-additive effects. We detected at least one region with marked pleiotropic effects affecting both visceral fat accumulation and displaced abomasum.

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Alanine Aminotransferase Levels and Fatty Liver in Childhood Obesity: Associations with Insulin Resistance, Adiponectin, and Visceral Fat

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2006-1010 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 91 (11) ◽

pp. 4287-4294 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

Tania S. Burgert ◽

Sara E. Taksali ◽

James Dziura ◽

T. Robin Goodman ◽

Catherine W. Yeckel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Hepatic Fat ◽

Fat Fraction

Abstract Background: Concurrent with the rise in obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is recognized as the leading cause of serum aminotransferase elevations in obese youth. Nevertheless, the complete metabolic phenotype associated with abnormalities in biomarkers of liver injury and intrahepatic fat accumulation remains to be established. Methods: In a multiethnic cohort of 392 obese adolescents, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were related with parameters of insulin sensitivity, glucose, and lipid metabolism as well as adipocytokines and biomarkers of inflammation. A subset of 72 adolescents had determination of abdominal fat partitioning and intrahepatic fat accumulation using magnetic resonance imaging. Findings: Elevated ALT (>35 U/liter) was found in 14% of adolescents, with a predominance of male gender and white/Hispanic race/ethnicity. After adjusting for potential confounders, rising ALT was associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance as well as rising free fatty acids and triglycerides. Worsening of glucose and lipid metabolism was already evident as ALT levels rose into the upper half of the normal range (18–35 U/liter). When hepatic fat fraction was assessed using fast magnetic resonance imaging, 32% of subjects had an increased hepatic fat fraction, which was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin, and increased triglycerides, visceral fat, and deep to superficial sc fat ratio. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly greater in those with fatty liver. Interpretation: Deterioration in glucose and lipid metabolism is associated even with modest ALT elevations. Hepatic fat accumulation in childhood obesity is strongly associated with the triad of insulin resistance, increased visceral fat, and hypoadiponectinemia. Hence, hepatic steatosis may be a core feature of the metabolic syndrome.

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Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation ameliorates visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511004491 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 107 (10) ◽

pp. 1429-1434 ◽

Cited By ~ 72

Author(s):

Jinjin Chen ◽

Ren Wang ◽

Xiao-Fang Li ◽

Rui-Liang Wang

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

The Other ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Fat Pad ◽

Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Bif) supplementation on visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n 10 per group) were fed four different experimental diets for 12 weeks as follows: standard diet; high-fat (HF) diet; a mix of HF diet and Bif; a mix of standard diet and Bif. Liver, mesenteric fat, epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, and inguinal fat, pancreas and triceps surae in all four groups of the rats were weighed, while liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end point of the study. As the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium species decreased obviously, fat pad weight and body weight increased significantly in the HF group compared with in the other three groups (P <0·05). Addition of Bif led to a reduction in body weight and fat pad weight (P <0·05). With an increase in liver weight, more severe steatosis of hepatocytes was observed in the HF group compared with in the other three groups. A significant decrease of the glucose infusion rate and pancreas weight was found in the HF group (P <0·05). This deleterious effect was alleviated when Bif was added to the diets. Bifidobacterium supplementation ameliorated visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats.

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Fatty Liver Has Stronger Association With Insulin Resistance Than Visceral Fat Accumulation in Nonobese Japanese Men

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/js.2019-00052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (7) ◽

pp. 1409-1416 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Satoshi Kadowaki ◽

Yoshifumi Tamura ◽

Yuki Someya ◽

Kageumi Takeno ◽

Hideyoshi Kaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Visceral Fat Area ◽

Japanese Men ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Intrahepatic Lipid

Abstract Context Asians have a high prevalence of insulin resistance, even in the nonobese state. Whereas both visceral fat accumulation (VFA) and fatty liver (FL) have been shown to be associated with insulin resistance, it is still unclear which is a better marker to predict insulin resistance in nonobese Asians. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between VFA or FL and insulin resistance in nondiabetic nonobese Japanese men who do not have diabetes. Design and Participants We studied 87 nonobese (body mass index <25 kg/m2) Japanese men without diabetes. Using a two-step hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, we evaluated insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver. Intrahepatic lipid and abdominal visceral fat area were measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and MRI, respectively. Subjects were divided into four groups based on the presence or absence of VFA (visceral fat area ≥100 cm2) and FL (intrahepatic lipid ≥ 5%): control (non-VFA, non-FL; n = 54), VFA only (n = 18), FL only (n = 7), and VFA plus FL (n = 8). Results Subjects in the FL only and VFA plus FL groups had insulin resistance in adipose tissue and muscle, as well as relatively lower hepatic insulin sensitivity. The specific insulin sensitivities in these organs were comparable in the VFA only and control groups. Conclusions In nonobese Japanese men without diabetes, subjects with FL only or VFA plus FL but not VFA only had insulin resistance, suggesting that FL may be a more useful clinical marker than VFA to predict insulin resistance in nonobese Japanese men without diabetes.

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The Relationships between Metabolic Disorders (Hypertension, Dyslipidemia, and Impaired Glucose Tolerance) and Computed Tomography-Based Indices of Hepatic Steatosis or Visceral Fat Accumulation in Middle-Aged Japanese Men

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0149689 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e0149689 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kazutoshi Fujibayashi ◽

Toshiaki Gunji ◽

Hirohide Yokokawa ◽

Toshio Naito ◽

Noriko Sasabe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Japanese Men ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation

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Delayed post-prandial lipid metabolism in subjects with intra-abdominal visceral fat accumulation

European Journal of Clinical Investigation ◽

10.1046/j.1365-2362.1999.00454.x ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Taira ◽

Hikita ◽

Kobayashi ◽

Bujo ◽

Takahashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Abdominal Visceral Fat

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Effects of dietary phosphate on glucose and lipid metabolism

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00234.2015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 310 (7) ◽

pp. E526-E538 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Maerjianghan Abuduli ◽

Hirokazu Ohminami ◽

Tamaki Otani ◽

Hitoshi Kubo ◽

Haruka Ueda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Synthase ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽

Fat Accumulation ◽

Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽

Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

The Impact

Recent epidemiological and animal studies have suggested that excess intake of phosphate (Pi) is a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease and its cardiovascular complications. However, little is known about the impact of dietary high Pi intake on the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of dietary Pi on glucose and lipid metabolism in healthy rats. Male 8-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and given experimental diets containing varying amounts of Pi, i.e., 0.2 [low Pi (LP)], 0.6 [control Pi (CP)], and 1.2% [high Pi (HP)]. After 4 wk, the HP group showed lower visceral fat accumulation compared with other groups, accompanied by a low respiratory exchange ratio (V̇co2/V̇o2) without alteration of locomotive activity. The HP group had lower levels of plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acids. In addition, the HP group also showed suppressed expression of hepatic lipogenic genes, including sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c, fatty acid synthase, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, whereas there was no difference in hepatic fat oxidation among the groups. On the other hand, uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) expression were significantly increased in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the HP group. Our data demonstrated that a high-Pi diet can negatively regulate lipid synthesis in the liver and increase mRNA expression related to lipid oxidation and UCP1 in BAT, thereby preventing visceral fat accumulation. Thus, dietary Pi is a novel metabolic regulator.

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