scholarly journals Bifidobacterium adolescentis supplementation ameliorates visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity in an experimental model of the metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 1429-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinjin Chen ◽  
Ren Wang ◽  
Xiao-Fang Li ◽  
Rui-Liang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of Bifidobacterium adolescentis (Bif) supplementation on visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats. Adult male Wistar rats (n 10 per group) were fed four different experimental diets for 12 weeks as follows: standard diet; high-fat (HF) diet; a mix of HF diet and Bif; a mix of standard diet and Bif. Liver, mesenteric fat, epididymal fat, retroperitoneal fat, and inguinal fat, pancreas and triceps surae in all four groups of the rats were weighed, while liver steatosis and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end point of the study. As the number of intestinal Bifidobacterium species decreased obviously, fat pad weight and body weight increased significantly in the HF group compared with in the other three groups (P <0·05). Addition of Bif led to a reduction in body weight and fat pad weight (P <0·05). With an increase in liver weight, more severe steatosis of hepatocytes was observed in the HF group compared with in the other three groups. A significant decrease of the glucose infusion rate and pancreas weight was found in the HF group (P <0·05). This deleterious effect was alleviated when Bif was added to the diets. Bifidobacterium supplementation ameliorated visceral fat accumulation and insulin sensitivity of the metabolic syndrome in HF-diet-fed rats.

scholarly journals Systemic Oxidative Stress is Associated With Visceral Fat Accumulation and the Metabolic Syndrome

2006 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 1437-1442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koichi Fujita ◽  
Hitoshi Nishizawa ◽  
Tohru Funahashi ◽  
Iichiro Shimomura ◽  
Michio Shimabukuro
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Differences in the Pathology of the Metabolic Syndrome With or Without Visceral Fat Accumulation

Endocrine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Mori ◽  
Kyouko Hoshino ◽  
Kuninobu Yokota ◽  
Yohta Itoh ◽  
Naoko Tajima
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Alanine Aminotransferase Levels and Fatty Liver in Childhood Obesity: Associations with Insulin Resistance, Adiponectin, and Visceral Fat

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 4287-4294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania S. Burgert ◽  
Sara E. Taksali ◽  
James Dziura ◽  
T. Robin Goodman ◽  
Catherine W. Yeckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Fat Fraction

Abstract Background: Concurrent with the rise in obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is recognized as the leading cause of serum aminotransferase elevations in obese youth. Nevertheless, the complete metabolic phenotype associated with abnormalities in biomarkers of liver injury and intrahepatic fat accumulation remains to be established. Methods: In a multiethnic cohort of 392 obese adolescents, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were related with parameters of insulin sensitivity, glucose, and lipid metabolism as well as adipocytokines and biomarkers of inflammation. A subset of 72 adolescents had determination of abdominal fat partitioning and intrahepatic fat accumulation using magnetic resonance imaging. Findings: Elevated ALT (&gt;35 U/liter) was found in 14% of adolescents, with a predominance of male gender and white/Hispanic race/ethnicity. After adjusting for potential confounders, rising ALT was associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance as well as rising free fatty acids and triglycerides. Worsening of glucose and lipid metabolism was already evident as ALT levels rose into the upper half of the normal range (18–35 U/liter). When hepatic fat fraction was assessed using fast magnetic resonance imaging, 32% of subjects had an increased hepatic fat fraction, which was associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and adiponectin, and increased triglycerides, visceral fat, and deep to superficial sc fat ratio. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was significantly greater in those with fatty liver. Interpretation: Deterioration in glucose and lipid metabolism is associated even with modest ALT elevations. Hepatic fat accumulation in childhood obesity is strongly associated with the triad of insulin resistance, increased visceral fat, and hypoadiponectinemia. Hence, hepatic steatosis may be a core feature of the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Population Approaches Targeting Metabolic Syndrome Focusing on Japanese Trials

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Nishizawa ◽  
Iichiro Shimomura
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation

The clinical importance of assessment of metabolic syndrome lies in the selection of individuals with multiple risk factors based on visceral fat accumulation, and helping them to reduce visceral fat. Behavioral modification by population approach is important, which adds support to the personal approach. The complexity of visceral fat accumulation requires multicomponent and multilevel intervention. Preparation of food and physical environments could be useful strategies for city planners. Furthermore, actions on various frameworks, including organizational, community, and policy levels, have been recently reported. There are universal public health screening programs and post-screening health educational systems in Japan, and diseases management programs in Germany. Understanding one’s own health status is important for motivation for lifestyle modification. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that primary care practitioners screen all adults for obesity and offer behavioral interventions and intensive counseling. Established evidence-based guidelines for behavioral counseling are needed within the primary care setting.

scholarly journals SAT-740 Plasma Glucocorticoids and Mineralocorticoids Are Associated to Metabolic Syndrome Features in Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giada Ostinelli ◽  
Jerzy Adamski ◽  
André Tchernof
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Greater Omentum ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat Accumulation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Background: Excess visceral adipose tissue accumulation on anatomical structures such as the greater omentum and mesentery are strong predictors of obesity-associated comorbidities (1). High glucocorticoid levels have been associated with body fat distribution and preferential visceral fat accumulation as well as features of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (2). These effects are thought to be mediated by the glucocorticoid receptor, a nuclear receptor showing affinity for both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. In this study, we examined plasma concentrations of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in women with or without the MetS. In addition, we assessed the ability of these steroids to predict fat accumulation and features of the MetS. Methods: In a sample of 49 women (age 47 ± 4.99 years; BMI 26.4 ± 4.70 kg/m2), plasma concentrations of cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, cortisone, aldosterone, corticosterone and 11-deoxycorticosterone were analyzed by electrospray ionization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (ESI-LC-MS/MS). Metabolic parameters were assessed to establish the presence of the MetS using NCEP-III criteria. Subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte cell size was measured by histomorphometry. Results: We found HDL-triglycerides to be positively associated with levels of 11-deoxycorticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, corticosterone, cortisone and cortisol (p&lt;0.05 for all). 11-deoxycorticosterone concentration was also negatively associated with waist circumference (-0.294, p&lt;0.05), LDL-cholesterol and LDL-triglyceride content (-0.264 and -0.362, p&lt;0.05) whereas cortisone level was positively associated with fasting glucose (0.3, p&lt;0.05). Our model including mineralocorticoids predicted systolic blood pressure (R2=0.303), while the one including glucocorticoids predicted HDL-cholesterol (R2=0.495). In addition, as expected, we found that women with the MetS were characterized by significantly higher percentage body fat and displayed subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte hypertrophy (p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, women with the MetS also showed a trend for lower plasma cortisol concentrations (p=0.07). Conclusion: Our data suggest that glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids are associated with individual components of the MetS in women. (1) Tchernof et al.(2013), Physiol Rev, 93(1); (2) Constantinopoulos et al., (2015), Eur J Endocrinol, 172(1)

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