Mycobacterium leprae-Specific Antibodies in Multibacillary Leprosy Patients Decrease During and After Treatment With Either the Regular 12 Doses Multidrug Therapy (MDT) or the Uniform 6 Doses MDT

Abstract Background: Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods: Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1.Results: The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. The high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients with Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination scar. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particularly, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions: Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.

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Powerful Bactericidal Activity of Moxifloxacin in Human Leprosy

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.01162-07 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (9) ◽

pp. 3113-3117 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Fe Eleanor F. Pardillo ◽

Jasmin Burgos ◽

Tranquilino T. Fajardo ◽

Eduardo Dela Cruz ◽

Rodolfo M. Abalos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Side Effects ◽

Bactericidal Activity ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Definite Improvement ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Multibacillary Leprosy

ABSTRACT In a clinical trial of moxifloxacin in eight multibacillary leprosy patients, moxifloxacin proved highly effective. In all trial patients, a single 400-mg dose of moxifloxacin resulted in significant killing (P ≤ 0.006) of Mycobacterium leprae, ranging from 82% to 99%, with a mean of 91%. In all instances, no viable bacilli were detected with an additional 3 weeks of daily therapy, this observed rapid bactericidal activity being matched previously only by rifampin. On moxifloxacin therapy, skin lesions cleared exceedingly rapidly with definite improvement observed consistently after eight doses and progressive resolution continuing for the 56 days of the trial. Side effects, toxicities, and laboratory abnormalities were mild, not requiring discontinuation of therapy.

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Lack of cytotoxic activity against Mycobacterium leprae 65-kD heat shock protein (hsp) in multibacillary leprosy patients

Clinical & Experimental Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb03477.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 99 (1) ◽

pp. 90-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

S. BARRERA ◽

S. FINK ◽

M. FINIASZ ◽

F. MINNUCCI ◽

R. VALDEZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Heat Shock Protein ◽

Cytotoxic Activity ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Multibacillary Leprosy

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Mycobacterium leprae is identified in the oral mucosa from paucibacillary and multibacillary leprosy patients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection ◽

10.1111/1469-0691.12190 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 59-64 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M.A.M. Morgado de Abreu ◽

A.M. Roselino ◽

M. Enokihara ◽

S. Nonogaki ◽

L.E. Prestes-Carneiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Mucosa ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Multibacillary Leprosy

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Clinical profile and deformities in leprosy patients: a record based study

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20200515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 156

Author(s):

Anita Sanker ◽

Sandhya George ◽

Sindhu Chunangat Bhaskaramenon

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Clinical Profile ◽

Current Status ◽

Age Group ◽

Medical College ◽

Tribal Area ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Multibacillary Leprosy

Background: Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae, infectious in some cases, and affecting the peripheral nervous system, skin and certain other tissues. Even though leprosy was declared eliminated as a public health problem in India on December 2005, new cases of leprosy continue to appear. Hence a study on clinical profile and deformities in all leprosy cases registered in the last 5 years was done to know the current status of leprosy in this area.Methods: This was a retrospective record-based study of leprosy cases done at Government Medical College, Manjeri, for a period of 5 years from October 2014 to September 2019.Results: 42 cases from the record were included in the study. Maximum cases belonged to the age group of 31 to 40 and males were more than females. 81% of the patients were multibacillary leprosy (MB) and 8 cases belonged to paucibacillary (PB) leprosy. Four child cases were registered as PB cases. Mostly encountered clinical diagnosis was borderline tuberculoid leprosy (23 out of 42) and two had type 1 reaction. Seven patients had deformity of which two had grade 2 deformity and rest had grade 1 deformity.Conclusions: One patient who presented with grade 2 deformity and type 1 reaction was from tribal area indicating low awareness about leprosy among them. More number of cases in the multibacillary group and presence of child cases and deformities reinforces the need for strict surveillance to eradicate leprosy.

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Analysis of the myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1 in multibacillary leprosy and reactional episodes

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06744-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Stephanni Figueiredo da Silva ◽

Leticia Rossetto da Silva Cavalcante ◽

Ezequiel Angelo Fonseca Junior ◽

Joselina Maria da Silva ◽

José Cabral Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suppressor Cells ◽

Suppressor Cell ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Histopathological Analysis ◽

Annexin A1 ◽

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽

Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cell ◽

Leprosy Patients ◽

Multibacillary Leprosy

Abstract Background Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. Patients have distinct clinical forms, and the host´s immunological response regulate those manifestations. In this work, the presence of the myeloid-derived suppressor cell and the regulatory protein annexin A1 is described in patients with multibacillary leprosy and with type 1 and 2 reactions. Methods Patients were submitted to skin biopsy for histopathological analysis to obtain a bacilloscopic index. Immunofluorescence was used to detect myeloid-derived suppressor cells and annexin A1. Results The data demonstrated that the presence of granulocytic and monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells in leprosy patients. A high number of monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells were observed in lepromatous leprosy and type 2 reactional patients. The presence of annexin A1 was observed in all myeloid-derived suppressor cells. In particular, the monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cell in the lepromatous patients has higher levels of this protein when compared to the reactional patients. This data suggest that the higher expression of this protein may be related to regulatory response against a severe infection, contributing to anergic response. In type 1 reactional patients, the expression of annexin A1 was reduced. Conclusions Myeloid-derived suppressor cell are present in leprosy patients and annexin A1 might be regulated the host response against Mycobacterium leprae.

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High relapse rate among lepromatous leprosy patients treated with rifampin plus ofloxacin daily for 4 weeks.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.41.9.1953 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 41 (9) ◽

pp. 1953-1956 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

B Ji ◽

P Jamet ◽

S Sow ◽

E G Perani ◽

I Traore ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relapse Rate ◽

Great Majority ◽

Mycobacterium Leprae ◽

Lepromatous Leprosy ◽

Multiple Resistance ◽

Confidence Limits ◽

Multidrug Therapy ◽

High Relapse Rate ◽

Leprosy Patients

Fifty-one lepromatous leprosy patients, all of whom had relapsed after previous dapsone (DDS) monotherapy, were treated between 1990 and 1991 with 600 mg of rifampin (RMP) plus 400 mg of ofloxacin (OFLO) daily for 4 weeks, and the great majority of the patients were followed up at least once a year after completion of the treatment. After only 173 patient-years of follow-up, 5 relapses had been detected; the overall relapse rate was 10.0% (confidence limits, 1.7 and 18.3%), or 2.9 relapses (confidence limits, 0.4 and 5.4) per 100 patient-years. The unacceptably high relapse rate indicated that 4 weeks of treatment with daily RMP-OFLO was unable to reduce the number of viable Mycobacterium leprae organisms to a negligible level. In addition, the M. leprae from one of the relapses were proved to have multiple resistance to DDS, RMP, and OFLO. To avoid further relapses, the follow-up was terminated and the great majority of the patients were retreated with the standard 2-year multidrug therapy from 1994. No further relapse has been diagnosed since the beginning of retreatment.

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