scholarly journals Process Development of Sj-p80: A Low-Cost Transmission-Blocking Veterinary Vaccine for Asiatic Schistosomiasis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adebayo J. Molehin ◽  
Sean A. Gray ◽  
Cheri Turner ◽  
Jennifer Davis ◽  
Weidong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Four Levels

Asiatic schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a neglected tropical disease resulting in significant morbidity to both humans and animals - particularly bovines - in endemic areas. Infection with this parasite leads to less healthy herds, causing problems in communities which rely on bovines for farming, milk and meat production. Additionally, excretion of parasite eggs in feces perpetuates the life cycle and can lead to human infection. We endeavored to develop a minimally purified, inexpensive, and effective vaccine based on the 80 kDa large subunit of the calcium activated neutral protease (calpain) from S. japonicum (Sj-p80). Here we describe the production of veterinary vaccine-grade Sj-p80 at four levels of purity and demonstrate in a pilot study that minimally purified antigen provides protection against infection in mice when paired with a low-cost veterinary adjuvant, Montanide™ ISA61 VG. Preliminary data demonstrate that the vaccine is immunogenic with robust antibody titers following immunization, and vaccination resulted in a reduction of parasite eggs being deposited in the liver (23.4–51.4%) and intestines (1.9–55.1%) depending on antigen purity as well as reducing the ability of these eggs to hatch into miracidia by up to 31.6%. We therefore present Sj-p80 as a candidate vaccine antigen for Asiatic schistosomiasis which is now primed for continued development and testing in bovines in endemic areas. A successful bovine vaccine could play a major role in reducing pathogen transmission to humans by interrupting the parasitic life cycle and improving quality of life for people living in endemic countries.

scholarly journals Oral Immunization with Recombinant Lactobacillus acidophilus Expressing the Adhesin Hp0410 of Helicobacter pylori Induces Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Hongying ◽  
Wu Xianbo ◽  
Yu Fang ◽  
Bai Yang ◽  
Long Beiguo
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacterial Vaccine ◽  
H Pylori

ABSTRACTHelicobacter pyloriinfection is relatively common worldwide and is closely related to gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, chronic gastritis, and stomach ulcers. Therefore, a safe and effective method for preventingH. pyloriinfection is urgently needed. Given that developing an effective vaccine againstH. pyloriis one of the best alternatives,H. pyloriadhesin Hp0410 was expressed in the food-grade bacteriumLactobacillus acidophilus. The recombinant live bacterial vaccine was then used to orally vaccinate mice, and the immunoprotective effects of Hp0410-producing strains were investigated.H. pyloricolonization in the stomach of mice immunized with the recombinantL. acidophiluswas significantly reduced, in comparison with that in control groups. Furthermore, mucosal secretory IgA antibodies were elicited in the mucosal tissue of mice immunized with the recombinant bacteria, and specific anti-Hp0410 IgG responses were also detected in mouse serum. There was a significant increase in the level of protection against gastricHelicobacterinfection following a challenge withH. pyloriSydney strain 1 (SS1). Our results collectively indicate that adhesin Hp0410 is a promising candidate vaccine antigen, and recombinantL. acidophilusexpressing Hp0410 is likely to constitute an effective, low-cost, live bacterial vaccine againstH. pylori.

DURACORR

Alloy Digest ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Steel Company

Abstract Duracorr is low-cost, utilitarian 11% Cr stainless steel with more corrosion resistance and life-cycle cost advantages than weathering steels. The steel may be used where a combination of abrasion and corrosion resistance is required. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, tensile properties, and bend strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as joining. Filing Code: SS-680. Producer or source: Lukens Steel Company.

scholarly journals Color-Variable Photodynamic Antimicrobial Wool/Acrylic Blended Fabrics

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4141
Author(s):  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Wangbingfei Chen ◽  
Tingting Dong ◽  
Zihao Lv ◽  
Siming Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
Cationic Dyes ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Antibacterial Studies ◽  
Wool Fibers ◽  
Visible Light Illumination ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Dyed Fabrics ◽  
Acrylic Fibers

Towards the goal of developing scalable, economical and effective antimicrobial textiles to reduce infection transmission, here we prepared color-variable photodynamic materials comprised of photosensitizer (PS)-loaded wool/acrylic (W/A) blends. Wool fibers in the W/A blended fabrics were loaded with the photosensitizer rose bengal (RB), and the acrylic fibers were dyed with a variety of traditional cationic dyes (cationic yellow, cationic blue and cationic red) to broaden their color range. Investigations on the colorimetric and photodynamic properties of a series of these materials were implemented through CIELab evaluation, as well as photooxidation and antibacterial studies. Generally, the photodynamic efficacy of these dual-dyed fabrics was impacted by both the choice, and how much of the traditional cationic dye was employed in the dyeing of the W/A fabrics. When compared with the PS-only singly-dyed material, RB-W/A, that showed a 99.97% (3.5 log units; p = 0.02) reduction of Staphylococcus aureus under visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm, 60 min), the addition of cationic dyes led to a slight decrease in the photoinactivation ability of the dual-dyed fabrics, but was still able to achieve a 99.3% inactivation of S. aureus. Overall, our findings demonstrate the feasibility and potential applications of low cost and color variable RB-loaded W/A blended fabrics as effective self-disinfecting textiles against pathogen transmission.

Importance of grass ecosystems for milk and meat production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. Благовещенский ◽  
В. Конончук ◽  
С. Тимошенко
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Development ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Model Modification ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Farmer Income

Данные материалы представляют оценку эффективности распространённых в Европе, основанных на травяных агроэкосистемах технологий производства молочной и мясной продукции, представленных на 27-м Генеральном собрании ЕФЛ 1721 июня 2018 года в Ирландии. В докладах отражается существенное сокращение травяных систем, активизация возделывания кукурузы и использования зернофуражных кормов в рационе, перевода скота на стойловое содержание. Вместе с тем значительная часть материалов отражает возможность пастбищного содержания скота, базирующегося на основе низкозатратного производства животноводческой продукции. Отражается положительное влияние качественной полноценности этой продукции на здоровье человека. Оценивается нетто пищевого протеина человека в зависимости от диеты. Показывается необходимость изменения экономической модели, при которой доход фермеров определяется функцией цены за продаваемую продукцию, субсидий/прямых оплат, ассоциированных стоимостью продукции. Выгоды использования травяных агроэкосистем в производстве ведут к обещающим новым моделям, в которых фермеры финансово вознаграждаются за их добавочный вклад в экосистемное обслуживание. Особое внимание должно уделяться молодым фермерам, представляющим следующую генерацию фермерства. This article reviews the grass ecosystem-based technologies of milk and meat production widespread in Europe and presented at the 27th European Grassland Federation General Meeting (1721 of June 2018, Ireland). The reports showed significant decrease in grass ecosystems, increase in maize cultivation area, grain forage use and indoor livestock maintenance. Most works reported the possibility of low-cost production of animal products based on cattle grazing. Influence of such products was described to be positive on human health. Net protein was evaluated for humans as affected by a diet. The necessity of economic model modification was shown determining farmer income through the product price function, subsidies and direct payments associated with product price. Using grass mixtures in production results in new model development, providing farmers with additional income as a result of their role in ecosystem cultivation. New generation of farmers should be paid special attention.

Convergence of Facilities in Low Cost Operation Areas

2008 ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Toru Higuchi ◽  
Marvin Troutt
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Manufacturing Facilities ◽  
The Cost

In this chapter, the convergence of manufacturing facilities is discussed. Very little room is left for the differentiation of products in the late standardized stage. Although companies source globally to reduce the cost, they should cut down their cost even further. In addition, the demand for a product begins to decline sharply at the end of the life cycle because of the saturation of the market or the emergence of alternative products. As a result, companies should make the most of economies of scale in a low cost operation area. Companies converge their manufacturing facilities into low cost operation areas or withdraw completely from the market.

Environmental impacts of combined milk and meat production in Norway according to a life cycle assessment with expanded system boundaries

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 384-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Grete Roer ◽  
Astrid Johansen ◽  
Anne Kjersti Bakken ◽  
Kristin Daugstad ◽  
Gustav Fystro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
System Boundaries

scholarly journals Antigenic Structure of Outer Membrane Protein E ofMoraxella catarrhalis and Construction and Characterization of Mutants

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 6250-6256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy F. Murphy ◽  
Aimee L. Brauer ◽  
Norine Yuskiw ◽  
Thomas J. Hiltke
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Protein ◽  
Vaccine Antigen ◽  
Antigenic Structure ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Fusion Peptides ◽  
Bacterial Surface ◽  
Normal Human

ABSTRACT Outer membrane protein E (OMP E) is a 50-kDa protein ofMoraxella catarrhalis which possesses several characteristics indicating that the protein will be an effective vaccine antigen. To study the antigenic structure of OMP E, eight monoclonal antibodies were developed and characterized. Three of the antibodies recognized epitopes which are present on the bacterial surface. Fusion peptides corresponding to overlapping regions of OMP E were constructed, and immunoblot assays were performed to localize the areas of the molecule bound by the monoclonal antibodies. These studies identified a surface-exposed epitope in the region of amino acids 80 through 180. To further study the protein, two mutants which lack OMP E were constructed. In bactericidal assays, the mutants were more readily killed by normal human serum compared to the isogenic parent strains. These results indicate that OMP E is involved in the expression of serum resistance of M. catarrhalis.

Sugarcane tops as a substitute for sugarcane in high-concentrate diets for beef bulls

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julião R. L. Couto ◽  
Severino D. J. Villela ◽  
Mário H. F. Mourthé ◽  
Adalfredo R. Lobo-Jr ◽  
Roseli A. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Bodyweight Gain ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Net Margin ◽  
Beef Bulls ◽  
Four Levels

Our objective was to evaluate the productive and economic performances of bulls fed increasing levels of sugarcane tops, as a substitute for sugarcane. Sixteen, 24-month-old, Nellore bulls (initial bodyweight = 360 ± 14.7 kg) were kept in a feedlot for 84 days, receiving a high-concentrate diet (80 : 20 concentrate : roughage ratio). Four levels of substitution were evaluated: T0 = no addition of sugarcane tops; T33 = 33% substitution; T66 = 66% substitution; and T100 = total substitution of sugarcane by sugarcane tops. Dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre intake, bodyweight gain, feed conversion and feed efficiency were evaluated as productive performance parameters, and as economic indicators, total revenue, total operating expenses, gross margin, and net margin. No effect (P ≥ 0.66) of diet was found for the studied variables. Average values of total bodyweight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion, and feed efficiency were 102 ± 10.0 kg/animal, 1.2 ± 0.12 kg/day, 8.6 ± 0.72 and 0.12 ± 0.010, respectively. Unlike other treatments, the T100 net margin was positive, because of the lower cost of acquiring sugarcane tops compared with sugarcane. Partial or total substitution of sugarcane by sugarcane tops in high-concentrate diets did not affect performance of feedlot bulls, but total substitution reduced production costs, with positive net margin. We conclude that sugarcane tops can be utilised as a low-cost roughage source in diets for beef bulls.

Private partner's risk response in PPP low-cost housing projects

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surangkana Trangkanont ◽  
Chotchai Charoenngam
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Private Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Response ◽  
Project Life Cycle ◽  
Low Cost Housing ◽  
Project Life

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the salient risks borne by private firms and to investigate their effective risk response strategies in public-private partnership (PPP) low-cost housing (LCH) projects in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs grounded theory and case study methodologies to extensively analyze ten private firms’ risks and their strategic risk mitigation. As a result, the matrix of imperative risks’ root causes and the area of the project life cycle most exposed to their impacts were proposed. This included the framework of the risk response strategy application. Findings – The private firm's risk mitigation strategies depended on the salient risks’ impact and the private firms’ predictability and controllability of the risk outcome. This included the private firm's participating objectives and core business, decision maker's risk attitude, risk perception, experience of risk, and risk assessment skill, and the project life cycle phase of risk occurrence. Practical implications – Under the same characteristics of the immature PPP market in developing countries, the contractors’ effective risk management framework can be used as a guideline to complement the contractors’ decision making on risk response strategy selection and resource allocation in the PPP project life cycle. Originality/value – Despite working under the familiar environment of construction risk and generous payment method in PPP-LCH projects, only few contractors were successful. The examination of risks borne and effectively responded by the private sector increases the likelihood of the project success.

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