Importance of grass ecosystems for milk and meat production

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Г. Благовещенский ◽  
В. Конончук ◽  
С. Тимошенко
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Development ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Model Modification ◽  
Maize Cultivation ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Farmer Income

Данные материалы представляют оценку эффективности распространённых в Европе, основанных на травяных агроэкосистемах технологий производства молочной и мясной продукции, представленных на 27-м Генеральном собрании ЕФЛ 1721 июня 2018 года в Ирландии. В докладах отражается существенное сокращение травяных систем, активизация возделывания кукурузы и использования зернофуражных кормов в рационе, перевода скота на стойловое содержание. Вместе с тем значительная часть материалов отражает возможность пастбищного содержания скота, базирующегося на основе низкозатратного производства животноводческой продукции. Отражается положительное влияние качественной полноценности этой продукции на здоровье человека. Оценивается нетто пищевого протеина человека в зависимости от диеты. Показывается необходимость изменения экономической модели, при которой доход фермеров определяется функцией цены за продаваемую продукцию, субсидий/прямых оплат, ассоциированных стоимостью продукции. Выгоды использования травяных агроэкосистем в производстве ведут к обещающим новым моделям, в которых фермеры финансово вознаграждаются за их добавочный вклад в экосистемное обслуживание. Особое внимание должно уделяться молодым фермерам, представляющим следующую генерацию фермерства. This article reviews the grass ecosystem-based technologies of milk and meat production widespread in Europe and presented at the 27th European Grassland Federation General Meeting (1721 of June 2018, Ireland). The reports showed significant decrease in grass ecosystems, increase in maize cultivation area, grain forage use and indoor livestock maintenance. Most works reported the possibility of low-cost production of animal products based on cattle grazing. Influence of such products was described to be positive on human health. Net protein was evaluated for humans as affected by a diet. The necessity of economic model modification was shown determining farmer income through the product price function, subsidies and direct payments associated with product price. Using grass mixtures in production results in new model development, providing farmers with additional income as a result of their role in ecosystem cultivation. New generation of farmers should be paid special attention.

scholarly journals Automated Residential Energy Audits Using a Smart WiFi Thermostat-Enabled Data Mining Approach

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2500
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Alanezi ◽  
Kevin P. Hallinan ◽  
Kefan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Furnace Efficiency ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Data Mining Approach ◽  
Energy Auditing ◽  
Energy Audits

Smart WiFi thermostats, when they first reached the market, were touted as a means for achieving substantial heating and cooling energy cost savings. These savings did not materialize until additional features, such as geofencing, were added. Today, average savings from these thermostats of 10–12% in heating and 15% in cooling for a single-family residence have been reported. This research aims to demonstrate additional potential benefit of these thermostats, namely as a potential instrument for conducting virtual energy audits on residences. In this study, archived smart WiFi thermostat measured temperature data in the form of a power spectrum, corresponding historical weather and energy consumption data, building geometry characteristics, and occupancy data were integrated in order to train a machine learning model to predict attic and wall R-Values, furnace efficiency, and air conditioning seasonal energy efficiency ratio (SEER), all of which were known for all residences in this study. The developed model was validated on residences not used for model development. Validation R-squared values of 0.9408, 0.9421, 0.9536, and 0.9053 for predicting attic and wall R-values, furnace efficiency, and AC SEER, respectively, were realized. This research demonstrates promise for low-cost data-based energy auditing of residences reliant upon smart WiFi thermostats.

From a Seed to a Need: the Growth of Shape Memory Applications in Europe.

1991 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ir. J. Van Humbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Marketing Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Product Price ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Place Promotion ◽  
Memory Applications ◽  
The Cost

AbstractA more systematic marketing research approach has finally revealed good ideas anticipating a market need for the use of shape memory alloys. The success of those new ideas, prototypes and applications are analysed in terms of “the value of the function”, defined as the importance of the function divided by the cost of providing the function. A high importance and/or a low cost of the function are thus the basic requirements for the successful introduction of shape memory applications. Attention is also paid to the way how the 4 P's, product, price, place, promotion (the marketing mix) are applied by the European companies. Those different items will be illustrated on the basis of some small-, medium- and largescale applications, used in different markets. “to the point research”, fundamental and applied, on material properties as well as on manufacturing (cost reduction) is being discussed as the key factor to increase the function value.

scholarly journals Kinematics modeling and simulation of an autonomous omni-directional mobile robot

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Garcia Sillas ◽  
Efrén Gorrostieta Hurtado ◽  
Emilio Vargas Soto ◽  
Juvenal Rodríguez Reséndiz ◽  
Saúl Tovar Arriaga
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Physical Behavior ◽  
Kinematics Modeling ◽  
Wheeled Robot ◽  
Potential Problems ◽  
Test Behavior ◽  
Virtual Platform

<p class="Abstractandkeywordscontent"><span lang="EN-US">Although robotics has progressed to the extent that it has become relatively accessible with low-cost projects, there is still a need to create models that accurately represent the physical behavior of a robot. Creating a completely virtual platform allows us to test behavior algorithms such as those implemented using artificial intelligence, and additionally, it enables us to find potential problems in the physical design of the robot. The present work describes a methodology for the construction of a kinematic model and a simulation of the autonomous robot, specifically of an omni-directional wheeled robot. This paper presents the kinematic model development and its implementation using several tools. The result is a model that follows the kinematics of a triangular omni-directional mobile wheeled robot, which is then tested by using a 3D model imported from 3D Studio</span><span lang="EN-US">®</span><span lang="EN-US"> and Matlab</span><span lang="EN-US">® for the simulation. The environment used for the experiment is very close to the real environment and reflects the kinematic characteristics of the robot.</span></p>

scholarly journals Modelling of new generation plasma optical devices

Nukleonika ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina V. Litovko ◽  
Alexy A. Goncharov ◽  
Andrew N. Dobrovolskiy ◽  
Lily V. Naiko ◽  
Irina V. Naiko
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Rocket Engine ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Optical Devices ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Plasma Accelerators ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Closed Electron ◽  
Positive Space

Abstract The paper presents new generation plasma optical devices based on the electrostatic plasma lens configuration that opens a novel attractive possibility for effective high-tech practical applications. Original approaches to use of plasma accelerators with closed electron drift and open walls for the creation of a cost-effective low-maintenance plasma lens with positive space charge and possible application for low-cost, low-energy rocket engine are described. The preliminary experimental, theoretical and simulation results are presented. It is noted that the presented plasma devices are attractive for many different applications in the state-of-the-art vacuum-plasma processing.

New Generation Transparent Conducting Electrode Materials for Solar Cell Technologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-128
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Carbon Nanomaterials ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Optical Transparency ◽  
Metal Mesh ◽  
Transparent Conducting ◽  
New Generation

Transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs) play a vital role for the fabrication of solar cells and pivoted almost 50% of the total cost. Recently several materials have been identified as TCEs in solar cell applications. Still, indium tin oxide (ITO) based TCEs have dominated the market due to their outstanding optical transparency and electrical conductivity. However, inadequate availability of indium has increased the price of ITO based TCEs, which attracts the researchers to find alternative materials to make solar technology economical. In this regard, various kinds of conducting materials are available and synthesized worldwide with high electrical conductivity and optical transparency in order to find alternative to ITO based electrodes. Especially, new generation nanomaterials have opened a new window for the fabrication of cost effective TCEs. Carbon nanomaterials such as graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), metal nanowires (MNWs) and metal mesh (MMs) based electrodes especially attracted the scientific community for fabrication of low cost photovoltaic devices. In addition to it, various conducting polymers such as poly (3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene): poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) based TCEs have also showed their candidacy as an alternative to ITO based TCEs. Thus, the present chapter gives an overview on materials available for the TCEs and their possible use in the field of solar cell technology

Does the Signal-to-Noise Paradox Exist in Subseasonal Predictions?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Baoqiang Xiang ◽  
Ben Kirtman ◽  
Emily Becker
Keyword(s):  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Coupled Model ◽  
Seasonal Prediction ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Noise Ratio ◽  
Decadal Climate ◽  
New Generation

&lt;p&gt;One of the emerging topics in climate prediction is the issue of the so-called &amp;#8220;signal-to-noise paradox&amp;#8221;, characterized by too small signal-to-noise ratio in current model predictions that cannot reproduce the realistic signal. Recent studies have suggested that seasonal-to-decadal climate can be more predictable than ever expected due to the paradox. But no studies, to the best of our knowledge, have been focused on whether the signal-to-noise paradox exists in subseasonal predictions. The present study seeks to address the existence of the paradox in subseasonal predictions based on (i) coupled model simulations participating in phase 5 and phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5 and CMIP6, respectively), and (ii) subseasonal hindcast outputs from the Subseasonal Experiment (SubX) and the Subseasonal-to-Seasonal Prediction (S2S) projects. Of particular interest is the possible existence of the paradox in the new generation of GFDL SPEAR model, through the diagnosis of which may help identify potential issues in the new forecast system to guide future model development and initialization. Here we investigate the paradox issue using two methods: the ratio of predictable component defined as the ratio of predictable component in the real world to the signal-to-noise ratio in models and the persistence/dispersion characteristics estimated from a Markov model framework. The preliminary results suggest a potentially widespread occurrence of the signal-to-noise paradox in subseasonal predictions, further implying some room for improvement in future ensemble-based subseasonal predictions.&lt;/p&gt;

Characterization of a Semiconductor Packaging System utilizing Through Glass Via (TGV) Technology

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001378-001407
Author(s):  
Tim Mobley ◽  
Roupen Keusseyan ◽  
Tim LeClair ◽  
Konstantin Yamnitskiy ◽  
Regi Nocon
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Glass Wafer ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
Packaging System ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Performance ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Semiconductor Packaging

Recent developments in hole formations in glass, metalizations in the holes, and glass to glass sealing are enabling a new generation of designs to achieve higher performance while leveraging a wafer level packaging approach for low cost packaging solutions. The need for optical transparency, smoother surfaces, hermetic vias, and a reliable platform for multiple semiconductors is growing in the areas of MEMS, Biometric Sensors, Medical, Life Sciences, and Micro Display packaging. This paper will discuss the types of glass suitable for packaging needs, hole creation methods and key specifications required for through glass vias (TGV's). Creating redistribution layers (RDL) or circuit layers on both sides of large thin glass wafer poses several challenges, which this paper will discuss, as well as, performance and reliability of the circuit layers on TGV wafers or substrates. Additionally, there are glass-to-glass welding techniques that can be utilized in conjunction with TGV wafers with RDL, which provide ambient glass-to-glass attachments of lids and standoffs, which do not outgas during thermal cycle and allow the semiconductor devices to be attached first without having to reflow at lower temperatures. Fabrication challenges, reliability testing results, and performance of this semiconductor packaging system will be discussed in this paper.

scholarly journals Hybridisation of perovskite nanocrystals with organic molecules for highly efficient liquid scintillators

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangeun Cho ◽  
Sungwoo Kim ◽  
Jongmin Kim ◽  
Yongcheol Jo ◽  
Ilhwan Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Liquid Scintillator ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiation Detection ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
New Generation

Abstract Compared with solid scintillators, liquid scintillators have limited capability in dosimetry and radiography due to their relatively low light yields. Here, we report a new generation of highly efficient and low-cost liquid scintillators constructed by surface hybridisation of colloidal metal halide perovskite CsPbA3 (A: Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) with organic molecules (2,5-diphenyloxazole). The hybrid liquid scintillators, compared to state-of-the-art CsI and Gd2O2S, demonstrate markedly highly competitive radioluminescence quantum yields under X-ray irradiation typically employed in diagnosis and treatment. Experimental and theoretical analyses suggest that the enhanced quantum yield is associated with X-ray photon-induced charge transfer from the organic molecules to the NCs. High-resolution X-ray imaging is demonstrated using a hybrid CsPbBr3 NC-based liquid scintillator. The novel X-ray scintillation mechanism in our hybrid scintillators could be extended to enhance the quantum yield of various types of scintillators, enabling low-dose radiation detection in various fields, including fundamental science and imaging.

A Review on Development and Properties of GLARE, an Advanced Aircraft Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ren Zhang ◽  
En Quan Liang ◽  
Dong Li ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Conventional Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Aircraft Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation

The history of GLARE laminate was introduced. Through comparison with conventional aluminum alloy sheets, the excellent performance of GLARE as a new generation aeronautic material is discussed. The properties and application of GLARE in large civil aircraft indicates that new composite materials such as GLARE will replace bulk aluminum alloy in future aircraft structure. With the continuous development of material technologies, a trend of developing high strength and low cost composite materials will lead aviation industry to a new stage.

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