scholarly journals Case Report: Adequate T and B Cell Responses in a SARS-CoV-2 Infected Patient After Immune Checkpoint Inhibition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. de Joode ◽  
A. A. M. Oostvogels ◽  
C. H. GeurtsvanKessel ◽  
R. D. de Vries ◽  
R. H. J. Mathijssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Infected Patient ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
B Cell Responses

After the COVID-19 outbreak, non-evidence based guidelines were published to advise clinicians on the adjustment of oncological treatment during this pandemic. As immune checkpoint inhibitors directly affect the immune system, concerns have arisen about the safety of immunotherapy during this pandemic. However, data on the immune response in oncology patients treated with immunotherapy are still lacking. Here, we present the adaptive immune response in a SARS-CoV-2 infected patient who was treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced renal cell cancer. To evaluate the immune response in this patient, the number of T cells and their major subsets were measured according to expression of markers for co-signalling, maturation, and chemotaxis at baseline, during therapy, and during the SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, plasma samples were analyzed for IgM and IgG antibodies and the ability of these antibodies to neutralise SARS-CoV-2. Despite several risk factors for an impaired immune response to SARS-CoV-2, both T- and B-cell responses were observed. Moreover, after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a sufficient cellular and humoral immune response was achieved in this SARS-CoV-2 infected patient. These findings warrant renewed discussion on withholding of immune checkpoint inhibitors during an ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Infections due to dysregulated immunity: an emerging complication of cancer immunotherapy

Thorax ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. thoraxjnl-2021-217260
Author(s):  
Tommaso Morelli ◽  
Kohei Fujita ◽  
Gil Redelman-Sidi ◽  
Paul T Elkington
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
New Framework

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionised cancer treatment. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a common side effect which can mimic infection. Additionally, treatment of irAEs with corticosteroids and other immunosuppressant agents can lead to opportunistic infection, which we have classed as immunotherapy infections due to immunosuppression. However, emerging reports demonstrate that some infections can be precipitated by ICIs in the absence of immunosuppressive treatment, in contrast to the majority of reported cases. These infections are characterised by a dysregulated inflammatory immune response, and so we propose they are described as immunotherapy infections due to dysregulated immunity. This review summarises the rapidly emerging evidence of these phenomena and proposes a new framework for considering infection in the context of cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals PREDICTIVE RESPONSE MARKERS FOR IMMUNE RESPONSE BLOCKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
G. A. Janus ◽  
A. G. Ievleva ◽  
E. N. Suspitsyn ◽  
V. I. Tyurin ◽  
I. V. Bizin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

Despite the unprecedented success in using immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of lung cancer, melanoma, hypermutable tumors of various localization, etc., a significant proportion of patients receiving these drugs do not respond to treatment. Predictive markers routinely used in the selection of patients for immunotherapy, in particular, the level of expression of PD -L1 and the presence of microsatellite instability, have certain limitations. Over the past decade, many other biomarkers designed to predict response to immunotherapy have been proposed, namely: tymor mutation burden, composition of lymphocytic infiltrate; allelic composition of the major histocompatibility complex; relationship between the numbers of different formed elements of blood as well as between its biochemical parameters; microflora of the digestive tract, etc. These markers can directly or indirectly reflect the immunogenicity of the tumor itself, as well as the state of systemic and intratumoral immune response. The predictive power and reliability of these markers are extremely different. When preparing this review, we conducted a literature search for recent studies regarding predictors of efficacy for immune checkpoint inhibitors published in the journals included in the databases, such as Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus.

scholarly journals EP1.04-44 Exploration of Factors Relating to Paradoxical Immune Response in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for NSCLC

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. S971
Author(s):  
A.F. Cardona ◽  
O.G. Arrieta ◽  
A. Ruiz-Patiño ◽  
Z.L. Zatarain Barrón ◽  
L.L. Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors

SLAMF8, a novel biomarker for personalized immune checkpoint blockade therapy in gastrointestinal cancer.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e14078-e14078
Author(s):  
Qun Zhang ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
Jing Hu ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Mi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Checkpoint Blockade ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Ebv Infection

e14078 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have brought great breakthroughs in cancer therapy. Activated immune response is known to be the prerequisite for exerting immunotherapy efficacy. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with longer survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients due to enhanced anti-tumor immune response, and therefore it was reportedly played an important role in modulating immune checkpoint blockade therapy efficacy. However, molecular dimensions underlying the good response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in presence of EBV infection are still unclear. The aim of this study is to identify a gene signature related to EBV induced anti-tumor immune response, and select a tag gene from this signature to predict which patients are most likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Methods: Two large transcriptome datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) database (GSE51575 and GSE62254) were used to screen gene signature for EBV infected gastric cancer tissues. We further selected genes that showed a trend towards differential co-expression independent of EBV infection status. The tag gene of this differential co-expression signature was finally identified by bioinformatics analysis. To make an external validation, we performed RNA sequencing in 20 colorectal caner (CRC) tissues and 20 GC tissues, respectively. Meanwhile, tissue microarrays of CRC cohort (36 paired tumor and normal tissues) and GC cohort (75 paired tumor and normal tissues) were used to analyze the association of SLAMF8 with CD8 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Analysis of GEO datasets indicated 788 genes as feature gene cluster for EBV-positive gastric cancer, from which 290 genes were selected to be characterized by differential co-expression in either EBV-positive or EBV-negative gastric cancers. SLAMF8 was identified as the tag gene for this differential co-expression signature. This signature, tagged by SLAMF8, was successfully validated by our RNA sequencing data in presence of its good performance in dividing CRC and GC patients into two subsets. Moreover, we observed a significant association between SLAMF8 and CD8 expression in our CRC and GC tissue samples, in terms of either mRNA or protein level. Conclusions: SLAMF8, a potential indicator for T cell‐mediated immune response induced by EBV infection, may be served as a biomarker for individualized immune checkpoint blockade therapy in gastrointestinal cancer. Further SLAMF8 guided drug sensitivity tests are warranted to validate our results.

scholarly journals An Episode of Pseudothrombocytopenia during Pembrolizumab Therapy in NSCLC Patient

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Kinga Krukowska ◽  
Robert Kieszko ◽  
Katarzyna Kurek ◽  
Izabela Chmielewska ◽  
Paweł Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Effect ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Nsclc Patient ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Clinical Decisions

Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is a new option of treatment in a growing range of neoplasms. In addition to an antitumor effect, ICI are associated with autoimmune reactions resulting in a wide spectrum of toxicities that have not been seen in patients receiving chemotherapy. In this article, we present a case of a patient with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who developed an EDTA-dependent pseudothrombocytopenia (PTCP) during pembrolizumab therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of EDTA-dependent PTCP occurring during immunotherapy treatment of nonsmall lung cell cancer with ICI. The phenomenon of EDTA-dependent PTCP may prompt clinical decisions, as unnecessary transfusions or even exclusion from pembrolizumab therapy. Therefore, it is important to be aware of PTCP as a possible side effect of this therapy.

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