scholarly journals Cytokine Patterns in Maternal Serum From First Trimester to Term and Beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Hagen Jarmund ◽  
Guro Fanneløb Giskeødegård ◽  
Mariell Ryssdal ◽  
Bjørg Steinkjer ◽  
Live Marie Tobiesen Stokkeland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Multiparous Women

Pregnancy implies delicate immunological balance between two individuals, with constant changes and adaptions in response to maternal capacity and fetal demands. We performed cytokine profiling of 1149 longitudinal serum samples from 707 pregnant women to map immunological changes from first trimester to term and beyond. The serum levels of 22 cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP) followed diverse but characteristic trajectories throughout pregnancy, consistent with staged immunological adaptions. Eotaxin showed a particularly robust decrease throughout pregnancy. A strong surge in cytokine levels developed when pregnancies progressed beyond term and the increase was amplified as labor approached. Maternal obesity, smoking and pregnancies with large fetuses showed sustained increase in distinct cytokines throughout pregnancy. Multiparous women had increased cytokine levels in the first trimester compared to nulliparous women with higher cytokine levels in the third trimester. Fetal sex affected first trimester cytokine levels with increased levels in pregnancies with a female fetus. These findings unravel important immunological dynamics of pregnancy, demonstrate how both maternal and fetal factors influence maternal systemic cytokines, and serve as a comprehensive reference for cytokine profiles in normal pregnancies.

scholarly journals M20. CYTOKINE LEVELS THROUGHOUT PREGNANCY AND RISK FOR PSYCHOSIS IN ADULT OFFSPRING: EARLY PREGNANCY MATTERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S141-S141
Author(s):  
Dana Allswede ◽  
Robert Yolken ◽  
Stephen Buka ◽  
Tyrone Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Birth Complications ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Pregnancy And Birth

Abstract Background Schizophrenia has been associated with pregnancy and birth complications, and fetal exposure to inflammation is thought to be a common underlying mechanism. However, it is unclear whether the risk associated with inflammation is specific to particular phases of pregnancy, as no prior studies have examined maternal serum samples across multiple assessments from the first trimester onward. This study examined differences in longitudinal patterns of maternal serum levels of TNFa, IL-1b, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-17a across pregnancy for offspring who were later ascertained as having a psychotic disorder diagnosis, non-psychotic siblings of these cases, and unrelated, non-psychotic individuals who served as controls. Methods Participants included 90 offspring, 79 siblings, and 273 matched controls from the Philadelphia cohort of the National Collaborative Perinatal Project. Psychotic disorder diagnoses in adulthood were assessed with review of medical records and were confirmed with a validation study. Cytokine levels were assessed using a multiplex bead assay in archived maternal serum samples collected across prenatal visits and birth. Results Levels of pro-inflammatory TNFa, IL-1b, and IL-6 were significantly higher in maternal serum of offspring who later developed psychosis relative to maternal serum of non-psychotic siblings and matched controls. These differences were maximal in first half of pregnancy (7–20 weeks), tapering to non-significant during the second half of pregnancy. Discussion These findings elucidate the importance of exposure to elevated maternal pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in early pregnancy to the etiology of psychosis.

scholarly journals First Trimester Maternal Cortisol Signatures in Small-for-gestational Age

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaelin Lee ◽  
Seung Mi Lee ◽  
Dong Jun Byun ◽  
So Yeon Kim ◽  
Hugh I. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cortisol Metabolism ◽  
Cortisol Ratio ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis

Abstract Background: Abnormal maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis is associated with fetal growth, and we hypothesized that the alteration in metabolic signatures of cortisol might be detectable during early pregnancy. The objective of this study was to identify predictable maternal serum signatures of cortisol metabolism during the first trimester of women who are expected to deliver small-for-gestational age (SGA) neonates.Methods: This prospective cohort study included 112 pregnant women (with and without SGA, n = 56 each). Maternal serum samples were collected at 10~14 gestational weeks to quantify the levels of cortisol and its precursors and metabolites by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results: Increased maternal serum levels of tetrahydrocortisol (THF, 11.82 ± 8.16 ng/mL vs. 7.51 ± 2.90 ng/mL, P < 0.005) and decreased 21-deoxycortisol (21-deoxyF, 2.98 ± 1.36 ng/mL vs. 4.33 ± 2.06 ng/mL, P < 0.0001) were observed in pregnant women carrying SGA fetus. In conjunction with individual steroid levels, metabolic ratios corresponding to the activity of related enzymes were calculated. In addition to increased THF/cortisol ratio (P < 0.006), the SGA group showed a significant increase in the two metabolic ratios including cortisol/11-deoxycortisol (F/11-deoxyF; P < 0.03) and cortisol/21-deoxycortisol (F/21-deoxyF; P < 0.0003) indicating cortisol biosynthesis. The ROC curve generated in combination with three variables of 21-deoxyF concentration and two metabolic ratios of F/21-deoxyF and THF/F resulted in AUC = 0.824 (95% confidence interval, 0.713 ~ 0.918). Conclusions: A significant decrease in maternal serum levels of 21-deoxyF and an increase in two metabolic ratios of F/21-deoxyF and THF/F, indicating cortisol biosynthetic rate, represent a reliable biomarker for the prediction of SGA in the first trimester.

Vitamine D en het risico op ASS

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huub F.J. Savelkoul
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Immune Reactivity ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of behavioral disorders in which a disturbed immune reactivity can contribute to the etiology. In retrospective research we found an association between the risk to develop ASD and the month of birth with a peak in July pointing at a possible decreased exposure to sunlight during the first two semesters of pregnancy. This could point to an important role of vitamin D which has important anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and thereby regulates the proper functioning of the immune system in these individuals. Maternal serum levels of vitamin D double during the first trimester of pregnancy and therefore decreased exposure to sunlight resulting in diminished levels of vitamin D production can be an important risk factor for the development of ASD. However, there is a need for more integrated multidisciplinary studies in families where all siblings are also studied to elucidate the contribution of their genetic risk factors.

Maternal serum cytokine levels in women with hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 498-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petek Balkanli Kaplan ◽  
Fatih Gücer ◽  
N.Cenk Sayin ◽  
Mahmut Yüksel ◽  
M.Ali Yüce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyperemesis Gravidarum ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Serum Cytokine ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
First Trimester Of Pregnancy

Circulating maternal cytokines influence fetal growth in pregnant women with rheumatoid arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995-2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florentien D O de Steenwinkel ◽  
Anita C S Hokken-Koelega ◽  
Yaël A de Man ◽  
Y B de Rijke ◽  
Maria A J de Ridder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Lower Birth Weight ◽  
Cytokine Levels

BackgroundHigh rheumatoid arthritis (RA) disease activity during pregnancy is associated with a lower birth weight. Active RA is characterised by high circulating levels of cytokines, which can mediate placental growth and remodelling.ObjectivesTo assess the influence of maternal serum cytokine levels on birth weight in RA pregnancy.MethodsThis study is embedded in the PARA Study, a prospective study on RA and pregnancy. In the present study, 161 pregnant women with RA and 32 healthy pregnant women were studied. The main outcome measures were birth weight SD score (birth weight SDS) in relation to maternal serum levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNFα) at three different time points: preconception and during the first and third trimester. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the corresponding cytokine genes were also studied.ResultsDuring the first trimester, IL-10 was detectable in 16% of patients with RA, IL-6 in 71%, and TNFα in all patients with RA. Mean birth weight SDS of children born to mothers with RA was higher when IL-10 level was high compared with low (difference=0.75; p=0.04), and lower when IL-6 was high compared with low (difference=0.50; p<0.01) in the first trimester. No correlation was seen at the other time points studied or with TNFα. Cytokine levels were not related to their corresponding SNPs.ConclusionsMaternal IL-10 and IL-6 levels are associated with fetal growth in RA. In the first trimester, high IL-10 levels are associated with higher birth weight SDS, and high IL-6 levels are associated with lower birth weight SDS, even after correction for disease activity.

scholarly journals Maternal C-Peptide and Insulin Sensitivity, but Not BMI, Associate with Fatty Acids in the First Trimester of Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10422
Author(s):  
Julia Bandres-Meriz ◽  
Alejandro Majali-Martinez ◽  
Denise Hoch ◽  
Milagros Morante ◽  
Andreas Glasner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Female Fetus ◽  
C Peptide

Maternal obesity in pregnancy is a pro-inflammatory condition exposing the fetus to an adverse environment. Here, we tested associations of maternal obesity (primary exposures: BMI, leptin) and metabolic parameters (secondary exposures: glucose, C-peptide, and insulin sensitivity) with total serum concentrations of fatty acids in the first trimester of human pregnancy. This cross-sectional study included 123 non-smoking women with singleton pregnancy. In maternal serum, cotinine, leptin, and C-peptide (ELISA), glucose (hexokinase-based test) and fatty acids (gas chromatography) were quantified, and the insulin sensitivity index (ISHOMA) was calculated. Concentrations of fatty acid classes and total fatty acids did not differ between BMI or leptin categories. However, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were decreased in the category with the highest C-peptide concentration (n-3 PUFA: CI −35.82–−6.28, p < 0.006) and in the lowest ISHOMA category (n-3 PUFA: CI −36.48–−5.61, p < 0.008). In a subcohort, in which fetal sex was determined (RT-qPCR of placental tissue), C-peptide was significantly associated with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in mothers bearing a female (n = 46), but not male (n = 37) fetus. In conclusion, pregnant women with high fasting C-peptide and low ISHOMA had decreased n-3 PUFA, and DHA was lower with higher C-peptide only in mothers bearing a female fetus.

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