scholarly journals Macrophage Polarization and Alveolar Bone Healing Outcome: Despite a Significant M2 Polarizing Effect, VIP and PACAP Treatments Present a Minor Impact in Alveolar Bone Healing in Homeostatic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle de Campos Soriani Azevedo ◽  
Angélica Cristina Fonseca ◽  
Priscila Maria Colavite ◽  
Jéssica Lima Melchiades ◽  
André Petenuci Tabanez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Macrophage Polarization ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Bone Healing Process

Host inflammatory immune response comprises an essential element of the bone healing process, where M2 polarization allegedly contributes to a favorable healing outcome. In this context, immunoregulatory molecules that modulate host response, including macrophage polarization, are considered potential targets for improving bone healing. This study aims to evaluate the role of the immunoregulatory molecules VIP (Vasoactive intestinal peptide) and PACAP (Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide), which was previously described to favor the development of the M2 phenotype, in the process of alveolar bone healing in C57Bl/6 (WT) mice. Experimental groups were submitted to tooth extraction and maintained under control conditions or treated with VIP or PACAP were evaluated by microtomographic (µCT), histomorphometric, immunohistochemical, and molecular analysis at 0, 3, 7, and 14 days to quantify tissue healing and host response indicators at the healing site. Gene expression analysis demonstrates the effectiveness of VIP or PACAP in modulating host response, evidenced by the early dominance of an M2-type response, which was paralleled by a significant increase in M2 (CD206+) in treated groups. However, despite the marked effect of M1/M2 balance in the healing sites, the histomorphometric analysis does not reveal an equivalent/corresponding modulation of the healing process. µCT reveals a slight increase in bone matrix volume and the trabecular thickness number in the PACAP group, while histomorphometric analyzes reveal a slight increase in the VIP group, both at a 14-d time-point; despite the increased expression of osteogenic factors, osteoblastic differentiation, activity, and maturation markers in both VIP and PACAP groups. Interestingly, a lower number of VIP and PACAP immunolabeled cells were observed in the treated groups, suggesting a reduction in endogenous production. In conclusion, while both VIP and PACAP treatments presented a significant immunomodulatory effect with potential for increased healing, no major changes were observed in bone healing outcome, suggesting that the signals required for bone healing under homeostatic conditions are already optimal, and additional signals do not improve an already optimal process. Further studies are required to elucidate the role of macrophage polarization in the bone healing process.

scholarly journals Effect of platelet-rich plasma on implant bone defects in rabbits through the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
Wei Liu ◽  
Ben Chen ◽  
Youyang Zheng ◽  
Yuehua Shi ◽  
Zhuojin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
Bone Healing Process

AbstractPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to be a beneficial growth factor for bone tissue healing and is used in implantology. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of PRP on bone defects in rabbits. Twenty rabbits were used to establish the implant bone defect model in this study. An intrabony defect (5mm × 5mm × 3mm) was created in alveolar bone in the lower jar of each rabbit. The wound was treated with PRP. The expression of platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB) was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and related phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT (protein kinase B) levels were measured by Western blot. The results show that PRP could significantly improve the bone healing process when compared with control, and 10% PRP could markedly increase fibroblast proliferation 48-h post treatment. PDGFBB was higher in the PRP group than that in the control group. PRP treatment also could elevate the phosphorylation of FAK and PI3K/AKT, although the inhibitor of PDGFR could reverse this trend. These results suggest that PRP treatment improves the bone healing process through the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway.

scholarly journals Alveolar bone healing process in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR): A radiographic densitometry study

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 222-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Manrique ◽  
Cassiano Costa Silva Pereira ◽  
Lourdes Maria Gonzáles Garcia ◽  
Samuel Micaroni ◽  
Antonio Augusto Ferreira de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
Bone Healing Process

scholarly journals Investigation of Peri-Implant Bone Healing Using Autologous Plasma Rich in Growth Factors in the Canine Mandible After 12 Weeks: A Pilot Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Birang ◽  
Mohammad Tavakoli ◽  
Mohammad Shahabouei ◽  
Alireza Torabi ◽  
Ali Dargahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Bone To Implant Contact ◽  
Bone Healing Process ◽  
Surrounding Bone

Introduction: Faster reconstruction of patients’ masticatory systems is the aim of modern dentistry. A number of studies have indicated that application of growth factors to the surface of a dental implant leads to accelerated and enhanced osseointegration. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of plasma rich in growth factors on peri-implant bone healing. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of this study, two healthy, mixed-breed canines were selected, and the premolars were extracted from both sides of the mandible. Three months after premolar removal, 12 implants, each 5 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length, were placed in osteotomy sites on both sides of the mandible. Prior to placement, plasma rich in growth factors was applied to the surfaces of six implants, while the other six were used without plasma rich in growth factors. The implants were removed after 12 weeks along with the bone surrounding the sites using a trephine bur. One mesiodistal section containing the surrounding bone from each implant block, 50 µm in diameter, was prepared for histologic and histomorphometric investigation with an optical microscope. Results: The sites with implants treated with plasma rich in growth factors showed more bone-to-implant contact compared to control sites. Also, higher values for bone trabecular thickness and bone maturity were recorded for the PRGF-treated sites than for the control sites. Conclusion: Application of plasma rich in growth factors to the surface of an implant may enhance the bone healing process as well as bone-to-implant contact, thereby helping to achieve faster osseointegration.

scholarly journals The Role Of Hydroxyapatite Materials On Collagen Synthesis In Alveolar Bone Defects Healing

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Yosefin Adventa ◽  
Nanik Zubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Collagen Type 1

Background: There are several cases in dentistry that cause alveolar bone defects, including periodontal disease, major trauma after tooth extraction, post-cyst enucleation, and post-surgery. Healing of alveolar bone defects can be treated in the form of bone grafting to restore the function and structure of damaged bone tissue. Hydroxyapatite has been proven to have some good properties such as biocompatible, bioactive, and osteoconductive. Osteoconductive materials serve as scaffold for osteoblasts to attach, grow, and differentiate to form new bone. Osteoblasts will synthesize collagen type 1 which functions to mineralize the bone matrix. Objective: To explain the role of hydroxyapatite on collagen synthesis in alveolar bone defects healing. Reviews: In this review article discusses the healing process of alveolar bone defects, the characteristics of the hydroxyapatite material, collagen synthesis and also 4 kinds of natural substances that can be used as a source of hydroxyapatite material for supporting the bone healing process. These natural materials include bovine bones, egg shells, crab shells, and calcite rocks. Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite material has a role in collagen synthesis in the healing process of alveolar bone defects.

scholarly journals Potential role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in transition from reaction to repair phase of bone healing process

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1824-1830
Author(s):  
Hotaka Kawai ◽  
May Wathone Oo ◽  
Hidetsugu Tsujigiwa ◽  
Keisuke Nakano ◽  
Kiyofumi Takabatake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Healing ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Bone Healing Process ◽  
Repair Phase

scholarly journals The Treatment of Acute Diaphyseal Long-bones Fractures with Orthobiologics and Pharmacological Interventions for Bone Healing Enhancement: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Marongiu ◽  
Andrea Contini ◽  
Andrea Cozzi Lepri ◽  
Matthew Donadu ◽  
Marco Verona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Femoral Fractures ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Diaphyseal Fractures

Background: The healing of long bones diaphyseal fractures can be often impaired and eventually end into delayed union and non-union. A number of therapeutic strategies have been proposed in combination with surgical treatment in order to enhance the healing process, such as scaffolds, growth factors, cell therapies and systemic pharmacological treatments. Our aim was to investigate the current evidence of bone healing enhancement of acute long bone diaphyseal fractures. Methods: A systematic review was conducted by using Pubmed/MEDLINE; Embase and Ovid databases. The combination of the search terms “long-bones; diaphyseal fracture; bone healing; growth factors; cell therapies; scaffolds; graft; bone substitutes; orthobiologics; teriparatide”. Results: The initial search resulted in 4156 articles of which 37 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were the subject of this review. The studies included 1350 patients (837 males and 513 females) with a mean age of 65.3 years old. Conclusions: General lack of high-quality studies exists on the use of adjuvant strategies for bone healing enhancement in acute shaft fractures. Strong evidence supports the use of bone grafts, while only moderate evidence demineralized bone matrix and synthetic ceramics. Conflicting results partially supported the use of growth factors and cell therapies in acute fractures. Teriparatide showed promising results, particularly for atypical femoral fractures and periprosthetic femoral fractures.

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