scholarly journals Planktonic and Parasitic Sea Lice Abundance on Three Commercial Salmon Farms in Norway Throughout a Production Cycle

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone S. Jevne ◽  
Maria Guttu ◽  
Anna S. Båtnes ◽  
Yngvar Olsen ◽  
Kjell I. Reitan
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
First Year ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Successful Reduction

The present article reports the densities of planktonic sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Caligus elongatus) in three Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) localities, and the relationship between the abundance of adult sea lice on the salmon and the densities of planktonic sea lice stages, during a complete production cycle followed by a fallowing period. Samples were taken downstream inside and immediately outside of cages, at one locality with lice skirts and two localities without lice skirts. There were no differences in densities of planktonic sea lice in samples taken from the inside or the outside of cages for any of the localities. However, the proportion-non-zero of planktonic sea lice samples taken from inside the cage was higher during months with a temperature above 9°C (mean abundance: 0.40–2.5 individuals m–3) than months with temperature below 9°C (mean abundance: 0.02–0.21 individuals m–3, odds ratio of the proportion-non-zero: p < 0.01). Densities of planktonic sea lice correlated most strongly with temperature in the first year (τ = 0.44–0.57, p < 0.05). A significant correlation between the number of adult female lice on salmon and average density of plankton sea lice was found in the locality with lice skirts during the second year (τ = 0.43 inside cages, τ = 0.58 outside cages, both p values < 0.05). Background levels of planktonic sea lice in the succeeding fallowing period showed neither L. salmonis nor C. elongatus planktonic sea lice, suggesting that there was successful reduction of the densities of planktonic sea lice for this area during the fallowing period.

Hope and Prognostic Disclosure

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (35) ◽  
pp. 5636-5642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer W. Mack ◽  
Joanne Wolfe ◽  
E. Francis Cook ◽  
Holcombe E. Grier ◽  
Paul D. Cleary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Overall Response Rate ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
First Year ◽  
Physician Communication ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
Prognostic Information ◽  
Dana Farber Cancer Institute ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Parental Recall

Purpose Physicians sometimes selectively convey prognostic information to support patients’ hopes. However, the relationship between prognostic disclosure and hope is not known. Patients and Methods We surveyed 194 parents of children with cancer (overall response rate, 70%) in their first year of treatment at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Children's Hospital (Boston, MA), and we surveyed the children's physicians. We evaluated relationships between parental recall of prognostic disclosure by the physician and possible outcomes, including hope, trust, and emotional distress. Our main outcome was assessed by asking parents how often the way the child's oncologist communicated with them about the children's cancers made them feel hopeful. Results Nearly half of parents reported that physician communication always made them feel hopeful. Parents who reported receiving a greater number of elements of prognostic disclosure were more likely to report communication-related hope (odds ratio [OR], 1.77 per element of disclosure; P = .001), even when the likelihood of a cure was low (OR, 5.98 per element of disclosure with likelihood of a cure < 25%; P = .03). In a multivariable model, parents were more likely to report that physician communication always made them feel hopeful when they also reported receipt of more elements of prognostic disclosure (OR, 1.60; P = .03) and high-quality communication (OR, 6.58; P < .0001). Communication-related hope was inversely associated with the child's likelihood of cure (OR, 0.65; P = .005). Conclusion Although physicians sometimes limit prognostic information to preserve hope, we found no evidence that prognostic disclosure makes parents less hopeful. Instead, disclosure of prognosis by the physician can support hope, even when the prognosis is poor.

Identification and localization of a putative ATP-binding cassette transporter in sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and host Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Parasitology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. D. TRIBBLE ◽  
J. F. BURKA ◽  
F. S. B. KIBENGE ◽  
G. M. WRIGHT
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Abc Transporter ◽  
Abc Transporters ◽  
Homarus Americanus ◽  
Sea Lice ◽  
American Lobster ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Lepeophtheirus Salmonis ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial

SUMMARYSome members of the ABC-transporter superfamily, such as P-glycoprotein and the multidrug resistance associated protein, may confer resistance to the avermectin subclass of macrocyclic lactones. The aim of this study was to examine the presence of ABC transporters in both sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) and its Atlantic salmon host (Salmo salar) using monoclonal antibodies (C219 and JSB-1, with high selectivity for P-gp) and a new polyclonal antibody (SL0525) generated against a putative sea louse ABC transporter. The antibody raised to SL0525 did not react with rat P-gp, suggesting that an ABC transporter, not necessarily P-gp, was isolated. C219 was the only antibody to localize P-gp in all 3 salmon tissues (intestine, kidney and liver). American lobster (Homarus americanus) was used as a reference crustacean for L. salmonis immunostaining reactions and showed positive staining in the hepatopancreatic and intestinal tissues with all 3 antibodies. The L. salmonis showed positive staining in the intestinal epithelial lining with all antibodies. This report represents the first documented evidence for the expression of ABC transporters in L. salmonis, its Atlantic salmon host, and the American lobster.

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