scholarly journals Assessing Tolerance to the Hydrodynamic Exposure of Posidonia oceanica Seedlings Anchored to Rocky Substrates

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Zenone ◽  
Fabio Badalamenti ◽  
Adriana Alagna ◽  
Stanislav N. Gorb ◽  
Eduardo Infantes
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Posidonia Oceanica ◽  
Wave Flow ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Flow Intensity ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Factors ◽  
Rocky Bottoms

Among a suite of abiotic and biotic factors, the hydrodynamic regime strongly influences the success of seagrass recruitment through sexual propagules. Uprooting of propagules by drag forces exerted by currents and waves is one of the main causes for the failed establishment and the consequent recruitment. Substrate type and stability play a key role in determining the success of colonization through sexual propagules, as seedling establishment probabilities proved to be significantly higher on rocky bottoms than on unstable unconsolidated substrates. In this research, the current and wave flow intensity that Posidonia oceanica seedlings anchored to rocky substrates can withstand before uprooting were evaluated and the influence of substrate complexity on seedling anchorage success and anchorage strength was investigated. P. oceanica seedlings withstood the current velocity of 70 cm s–1 and increased orbital flow velocities up to 25 cm s–1. Seedling adhesion strength ranged from 3.92 to 29.42 N. Results of the present study corroborate the hypothesis that substrate complexity at scales relevant to the size of propagules is a crucial feature for P. oceanica seedling establishment. The intensity of unidirectional and oscillatory flow that seedlings can withstand without being dislodged assessed in this study support the hypothesis that P. oceanica sexual propagules, once adhered to a consolidated substrate, are able to tolerate high hydrodynamic stress. The results of the present study contribute to re-evaluation of the habitat requirements of P. oceanica, assessing the range of hydrodynamic conditions that this species can tolerate during the early stages of its life history.

scholarly journals Effect of substrate type and pellet age on the resuspension of Atlantic salmon faecal material

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Carvajalino-Fernández ◽  
NB Keeley ◽  
I Fer ◽  
BA Law ◽  
RJ Bannister
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Faecal Material ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Drag Forces ◽  
Particle Spreading ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

The influence of substrate type and particle age on the remobilization of settled Atlantic salmon Salmo salar faecal material was studied through a set of controlled experiments in horizontal flow flumes, simulating different bottom conditions present in fish-farming locations along the coast of Norway. There was no significant effect of pellet age on remobilization for up to 1 week old faecal material, but critical shear stresses (τc) and velocities required for resuspending faecal pellets were strongly dependent on substrate type. Smooth substrates such as mud and rock slate required lower stresses for the onset of faeces resuspension (τc %%CONV_ERR%% 0.06 Pa) than rougher surfaces such as sand (τc %%CONV_ERR%% 0.12 Pa) or fragmented rock (τc %%CONV_ERR%% 0.32 Pa), where bedforms and large fractures shield the particles from the direct influence of the drag forces. These newly determined substrate-dependent τc resuspension thresholds will contribute to the construction of more accurate numerical models that include bottom type as a parameter regulating the extent of particle spreading, in contrast to the constant-value approach that has been used to date.

Influence of substrate type and film thickness on the failures of Zr-based thin-film metallic glass under nanoscratch

Wear ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 204241
Author(s):  
Karuppasamy Pandian Marimuthu ◽  
Uihwan Jeong ◽  
Jungmoo Han ◽  
Giyeol Han ◽  
Hyungyil Lee
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Metallic Glass ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

scholarly journals Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 Thin Films with Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties for Flexible Thermal Sensors

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Eliana Vieira ◽  
Joana Figueira ◽  
Ana Lucia Pires ◽  
José Grilo ◽  
Manuel Fernando Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Thermoelectric Properties ◽  
Power Factor ◽  
Thermal Sensors ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Influence Of Substrate ◽  
Thermopile Sensor

The influence of substrate type in boosting thermoelectric properties of co-evaporated Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films (with 400 nm-thick) is here reported. Optimized power factor values are 2.7 × 10−3 W K−2 m−1 and 1.4 × 10−3 W K−2 m−1 for flexible Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films, respectively. This is an important result as it is at least 2 times higher than the power factor found in the literature for flexible Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films. A flexible infrared thermopile sensor was developed with high detectivity (2.50 × 107 cm √HzW−1).

scholarly journals The influence of substrate type and chlormequat on the growth and flowering of marigold (Tagetes L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Maślanka ◽  
Renata Magdziarz
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Spray ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tagetes Erecta ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effect of various horticultural substrates (compost, peat-coconut, peat TS1, flower soil, lowmoor peat) and a foliar spray of chlormequat (at a concentration of 1380 mg dm-3) on the growth and flowering of the marigold cultivars belonging to two species: Tagetes erecta - ʻMarvel Mixtureʼ and ʻTaishan Orangeʼ, and Tagetes patula - ʻDurango Redʼ and ʻBonanza Flameʼ. The obtained results show that the plants grown in peat TS1 and peat-coconut were taller, had longer internodes and leaves, and thicker stems than the plants grown in the other substrates. Chlormequat significantly reduced the height of ʻMarvel Mixtureʼ (in peat TS1), ʻTaishan Orangeʼ (in lowmoor peat) and ‘Bonanza Flameʼ (in peat-coconut). The use of chlormequat also accelerated the development of flower heads in ʻTaishan Orangeʼ (in lowmoor peat).

Influence of Substrate Type on Level Dyeing of Acrylic Yarn Packages

2008 ◽  
Vol 96 (12) ◽  
pp. 632-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Mason ◽  
J. Park ◽  
T. M. Thompson ◽  
J. Shore
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Type ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Sand type influences the energetics of nest escape in Brisbane river turtle hatchlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Uzair Rusli ◽  
David T. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Fine Sand ◽  
Coarse Sand ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Energetic Cost ◽  
Energy Reserves ◽  
Freshwater Turtles ◽  
Cohort Size ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Freshwater turtles can construct their nest in a wide range of soil types, and because different soil types have different physical characteristics such as particle size distribution and compactness, soil type presumably affects digging performance and the energetics of nest escape of turtle hatchlings. Previous studies have reported how cohort size affects the energetic cost of nest escape in turtle hatchlings, but no studies have reported the influence of substrate type on the energetic cost of nest escape. The time taken and the energy required by the same number of hatchlings to dig through two different sand types were quantified by open-flow respirometry. Brisbane river turtle hatchlings digging through fine sand escaped faster and spent less energy than hatchlings digging through coarse sand, and a larger cohort size provided a clear energetic advantage while digging in both sand types. Across all group sizes, hatchlings digging through fine sand spent 33.8% less energy compared with hatchlings digging through coarse sand. We conclude that hatchlings emerging from nests constructed in fine sand have an energetic advantage over hatchlings emerging from nests constructed in course sand because they would have greater energy reserves upon reaching the nest’s surface.

Influence of substrate type on surface structure of polymeric perfluorocarbon in the initial stage of deposition in Ar/c-C4F8 plasmas

2008 ◽  
Vol 516 (18) ◽  
pp. 6028-6032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Furuya ◽  
Ryoichi Nakanishi ◽  
Hiroshi Okumura ◽  
Makoto Makita ◽  
Akira Harata
Keyword(s):  
Surface Structure ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

scholarly journals Relationship among carnivorous macrophyte Utricularia foliosa L. and species composition and life forms of periphytic algae community

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Carla Ferragut ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Artificial Substrate ◽  
Algal Community ◽  
Taxonomic Structure ◽  
Substrate Type ◽  
Periphytic Algae ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Influence Of Substrate

Abstract Aim Present study evaluated the life forms and taxonomic structure of the periphytic algae community on Utricularia foliosa L. (modified leaf and stem) and artificial substrate during the four seasons in a tropical shallow reservoir. Methods We evaluated the periphyton on natural and artificial substrate in order to evaluate the influence of substrate type on the taxonomic structure of algal community. Monospecific stands of U. foliosa were selected. Water and periphyton sampling were performed within U. foliosa stands in the autumn (April/2010), winter (July/2010), spring (November/2010) and summer (February/2011). Nylon thread was used as the artificial substrate. The community structure was evaluated through life forms, species richness, diversity and species composition. Results Species diversity was significantly different only among seasons. The life forms and species richness were different between substrate types and seasons. Entangled filamentous algae had higher biovolume in the periphyton on artificial substrate and unicellular flagellated algae had higher biovolume on natural substrate. Species composition changed among the seasons and species descriptors differed among substrates types. Species-level taxonomic classification responded clearly to the substrate type. Conclusions We concluded that the taxonomic structure and life forms of periphytic algae on artificial substrate poorly represented the natural periphyton on U. foliosa. The type of substrate strongly influenced the periphyton–Utricularia relationship.

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