scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Changes Across the Lifespan: Nutrition and the Life-Course Approach to Prevention

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Azzolino ◽  
Giulia Carla Immacolata Spolidoro ◽  
Edoardo Saporiti ◽  
Costanza Luchetti ◽  
Carlo Agostoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Musculoskeletal Health ◽  
Musculoskeletal Development ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Life Course

Aging is characterized by the progressive decline of muscle mass and function, the so-called sarcopenia. Also bone loss is widespread among older people. Sarcopenia and osteopenia/osteoporosis are associated with several adverse outcomes including falls, risk of fractures, functional decline, frailty, and mortality. Recently, the life-course approach to prevent or delay functional decline has become very popular. Regarding musculoskeletal health, there is suggestive evidence that acting during critical or sensitive periods of life in which each person build-up its biological reserves may influence the rate of functional decline in the later stages of life. A life-course approach to musculoskeletal health should take place during early life when plasticity allows more easily the attainment of the peak of the musculoskeletal system driven by environmental stimuli. The rate of the subsequent decline will depend on the peak previously reached. Nutrition and physical exercise are important environmental factors that can influence musculoskeletal development by favoring and maintaining peak bone and muscle mass and strength. Here we provide an overview of body composition changes occurring across the lifespan and strategies based on nutrition and physical exercise to support musculoskeletal health as well as minimizing losses during older life.

Associations between life-course frailty and later-life heart size and function in the 1946 NSHD British birth cohort-an epidemiological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.C Topriceanu ◽  
J.C Moon ◽  
R Hardy ◽  
A.D Hughes ◽  
N Chaturvedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Step Change ◽  
Deficit Accumulation ◽  
Heart Size ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Life Course

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are an important component of the multi-morbidity syndrome which is associated with negative health outcomes resulting in a major societal economic burden. An objective way to assess multi-morbidity is to calculate a frailty index based on medical deficit accumulation. Late-life frailty has been validated to predict mortality, but little is known about the association between life-course frailty and cardiovascular health in later-life. Purpose To study the association between life-course frailty and later-life heart size and function using data from the world's longest running birth cohort with continuous follow-up. Methods A 45-deficit frailty index (FI) was calculated at 4 age-intervals across the life-course (0 to 16 years old, 19 to 44 years old, 45 to 54 years old and 60 to 64 years old) in participants from the UK 1946 Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Heath and Development (NSHD) birth cohort. The life-course frailty indices (FI0_16, FI19_44, FI45_54 and FI60_64) reflect the cumulative medical deficits at the corresponding age-intervals. They were used to derive FImean and FIsum reflecting overall-life frailty. The step change in deficit accumulation between age-intervals was also calculated (FI2-1, FI3-1, FI4-1, FI3-2, FI4-2, FI4-3). Echocardiographic data at 60–64 years provided: E/e' ratio, ejection fraction (EF), myocardial contraction fraction index (MCFi) and left ventricular mass index (LVmassi). Generalized linear mixed models with gamma distribution and log link assessed the association between FIs and echo parameters after adjustment for sex, socio-economic position and body mass index. Results 1.805 NSHD participants were included (834 male). Accumulation of a single deficit had a significant impact (p<0.0001 to p<0.049) on LVmassi and MCFi in all the life-course FIs and overall FIs. LVmassi increased by 0.89% to 1.42% for the life-course FIs and by 0.36%/1.82% for FIsum and FImean respectively. MCFi decreased by 0.62% to 1.02% for the life-course FIs and by 0.33%/ 1.04%. for FIsum and FImean respectively. One accumulated deficit translated into higher multiplicative odds (13.2 for FI60-64, 2.1 for FI4-1, 75.4 for FI4-2 and 78.5 for FI4-3) of elevated filling pressure (defined as E/e' ratio >13, p<0.0.005 to p<0.02).A unit increase in frailty decreased LV EF (%) by 11%/12% for FI45-54 and FI60-64 respectively, by 10% to 12% for FI2-1, FI3-1, FI4-1 and FI4-2, and 4%/15% for FIsum and FImean respectively (p<0.0014 to p<0.044). Conclusion Frailty during the life-course, overall life-frailty and the step change in deficit accumulation is associated with later-life cardiac dysfunction. Frailty strain appears to have its greatest impact on pathological myocardial hypertrophy (high LVmassi and low MCFi) potentially paving the way to later-life systolic or diastolic dysfunction in susceptible individuals. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Psoriasis – The Life Course Approach

2014 ◽  
pp. 0 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Linder ◽  
S Piaserico ◽  
M Augustin ◽  
A Fortina ◽  
A Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

The life-course approach to vaccination: Harnessing the benefits of vaccination throughout life

Vaccine ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (44) ◽  
pp. 6581-6583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jody Tate ◽  
Teresa Aguado ◽  
Jan De Belie ◽  
Daphne Holt ◽  
Emilie Karafillakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

scholarly journals Life-course burden of health deficits associates with later-life heart size and function in the 1946 British birth cohort

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu ◽  
James C Moon ◽  
Rebecca Hardy ◽  
Nishi Chaturvedi ◽  
Alun Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Myocardial Contraction ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Heart Size ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Myocardial Contraction Fraction

Aim: To study the association between the life course accumulation of health deficits and later life heart size and function using data from the 1946 National Survey of Heath and Development (NSHD) British birth cohort, the longest running birth cohort with continuous follow up in the world. Methods and Results: A multidimensional health deficit index (DI) looking at 45 health deficits was serially calculated at 4 time periods of the life course in NSHD participants (0 to 16, 19 to 44, 45 to 54 and 60 to 64 years), and from these the mean and total DI for the life course was derived (DImean, DIsum). The step change in deficit accumulation from one time period to another was also calculated. Echocardiographic data at 60-64 years provided: ejection fraction (EF), left ventricular mass indexed to body surface area (LVmassi, BSA), myocardial contraction fraction indexed to BSA (MCFi) and E/e. Generalized linear models assessed the association between DIs and echocardiographic parameters after adjustment for sex, socioeconomic position and body mass index. 1,375 NSHD participants were included (46.47% male). For each single new deficit accumulated at any one of the 4 time periods of the life course, LVmassi increased by 0.91 to 1.44% (p<0.013), while MCFi decreased by 0.6 to 1.02% (p<0.05 except at 45 to 54 years). One unit increase in DI at age 45 to 54 and 60 to 64 decreased LV EF by 11 to 12% (p<0.013). A single deficit step change occurring between 60-64 years and one of the earlier time periods, translated into significantly higher odds (2.1 to 78.5, p<0.020) of elevated LV filling pressure defined as E/e>13. Conclusion: The accumulation of health deficits at any time period of the life course associates with a maladaptive cardiac phenotype in older age, dominated by myocardial hypertrophy and poorer function. The burden of health deficits appears to strain the myocardium potentially leading to future cardiac dysfunction. Keywords: frailty; cardiovascular disease; ejection fraction; left ventricular mass index; myocardial contraction fraction; E/e.

A life course approach for understanding later life sustainability

2017 ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
Holly Syddall ◽  
Avan Aihie Sayer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Considerable Evidence ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

This chapter describes a life course approach for understanding later life sustainability, focusing on grip strength as a marker of physical sustainability, and explaining how a life course approach recognizes that muscle strength in later life reflects not only rate of loss in later life, but also the peak attained earlier in life. We present evidence that risk factors operating throughout the life course have an impact on physical sustainability in later life with particular consideration of the effects of body size, socioeconomic position, physical activity, diet, and smoking. We have shown that low birth weight is associated with weaker grip strength across the life course and that there is considerable evidence for developmental influences on ageing skeletal muscle. Finally, a life course approach suggests opportunities for early intervention to promote later life physical sustainability; but optimal strategies and timings for intervention are yet to be identified.

Life course approach to understanding inequalities in health in later life

2017 ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Bell ◽  
Michael Marmot
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Inequalities In Health ◽  
Biological Ageing ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Life Course

A long and healthy life is universally valued. The starkest inequalities in later life are how many years of life remain at an older age such as 65 years, and how many years of life that remain free from disabilities that impede physical, cognitive, and social functioning to the extent that they limit the sense of valuing one’s life. In this chapter we apply the frame of social determinants of health, using the life course approach to understand inequalities in health in later life. Healthy ageing is patterned by degrees of social advantage. Biological ageing, as revealed by physical and cognitive changes, is slower in people in better socioeconomic circumstances. These inequalities in health in later life need to be understood in terms of current social, economic, environmental conditions of living, as well as previous experiences and living conditions across the life course that affect the biological processes of ageing.

scholarly journals THE POWER OF LOOKING AHEAD? A FIXED-EFFECTS MODEL OF FUTURE ASPIRATIONS OVER THE LIFE COURSE AND INCOME

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S6-S6
Author(s):  
Ioana Sendroiu ◽  
Laura Upenieks
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Future Aspirations ◽  
Life Trajectories ◽  
Life Course Approach ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Perceived life trajectories are rooted in structural systems of advantage and disadvantage, but individuals also shape their futures through setting goals and expectations. “Future aspirations” have typically been used in life course research to refer to one’s conception of their chances of success across life domains and can serve as a resource to help individuals persevere in the face of hardship. Taking a life course approach and using three waves of data from the MIDUS study, we utilize hybrid fixed effects models to assess the relationship between future aspirations and income. We find that, net of age, health, and a host of other time-varying factors, more positive future aspirations are indeed related to higher income over time, but that this relationship takes different shapes in different contexts. In particular, in lower quality neighborhoods, higher future aspirations lead to worse economic outcomes over the life course, while in higher quality neighborhoods, higher aspirations are indeed related to higher incomes. We thus argue that aspirations are only helpful in some contexts, and are inherently contextual not just in their sources but also in their effects.

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