scholarly journals The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Target of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. in Attenuating Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Liu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Zhengri Shen ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook ◽  
Systematic Understanding

Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and widely used to treat diabetic kidney disease in China. Emerging evidences have revealed its ability to attenuate diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWPs), triptolide (TP), and celastrol are predominantly active compounds isolated from TWHF. The effects and molecular mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds have been investigated in recent years. Currently, it is becoming clearer that the effects of TWHF and its active compounds involve in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and protecting podocytes effect. This review presents an overview of the current findings related to the effects and mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds in therapies of DN, thus providing a systematic understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic targets by which TWHF and its active compounds affect cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.

The Study of Cellular Mechanism of Triptolide in the Treatment of Cancer, Bone Loss and Cardiovascular Disease and Triptolide’s Toxicity

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youhan Wang ◽  
Biao Wang ◽  
Xiaobin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Mechanism ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook ◽  
Positive Results

Triptolide (TPL), the active component of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (Twhf) has been used to treat cancer and bone loss conditions for over two hundred years in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). In this paper, we reviewed the specific molecular mechanisms in the treatment of cancer, bone loss and cardiovascular disease. In addition, we analyze the toxicity of TPL and collect some optimized derivatives extracted from TPL. Although positive results were obtained in most cell culture and animal studies, further studies are needed to substantiate the beneficial effects of TPL.

scholarly journals Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Alleviates Postmyocardial Infarction Heart Failure by Upregulating Pparγ Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengli Chen ◽  
Hongyan Zhu ◽  
Qingqing Zhu ◽  
Xiaodong Wu ◽  
Yufei Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Mouse Heart ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine

Abstract PurposeHeart failure after myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death worldwide. Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine that has been used in the clinic for centuries. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of CRP in cardiac remodeling and heart failure after MI, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved.MethodsMale C57BL/6 mice aged 8 weeks were subjected to coronary artery ligation to mimic the clinical situation in vivo. Echocardiography was used to assess the systolic function of the mouse heart. Masson trichrome staining and Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining were utilized to determine the fibrotic area and cross-sectional area of the mouse heart, respectively. Cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts were isolated from neonatal rats aged 0–3 days in vitro using enzyme digestion. TUNEL staining and EdU staining were performed to evaluate apoptosis and proliferation, respectively. Gene expression changes were analyzed by qRT–PCR, and protein expression changes were assessed by Western blotting.ResultsOur findings revealed that CRP attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis and alleviated heart failure after MI in vivo. Furthermore, CRP mitigated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibroblast proliferation and differentiation into myofibroblasts. In addition, the PPARγ inhibitor T0070907 completely abolished the abovementioned beneficial effects of CRP, and the PPARγ activator rosiglitazone failed to further ameliorate cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis in vitro.ConclusionCRP alleviates cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and apoptosis and can ameliorate heart failure after MI via activation of PPARγ.

In VitroandIn VivoProtective Effects of Flavonoid-Enriched Lotus Seedpod Extract on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hepatic Inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 153-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Chun Tseng ◽  
Pei-Min Tsai ◽  
Ying-Hsiang Chou ◽  
Yueh-Chun Lee ◽  
Hui-Hsuan Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Hepatoma Cell ◽  
Hepatoma Cell Line ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Hepatic Inflammation ◽  
Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicine ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Lotus Seedpod

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plays an important role in the acceleration of hepatic inflammation. Natural medicinal plants that can prevent inflammation by targeting LPS have potential therapeutic clinical application. The aim of the study is to examine the anti-inflammatory effects of lotus seedpod extract (LSE), used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine with hemostasis function and for eliminating bruise, on the LPS-induced hepatic inflammation and its underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, LSE and its purified compound (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) dose-dependently inhibited the expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], interleukin (IL)-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), without affecting cell viability in LPS-stimulated human hepatoma cell line HepG2. Molecular studies showed the anti-LPS effect of HLP or EGC might be mediated via downregulation of Toll-like receptor 4. (TLR4)-mediated both NF-[Formula: see text]B and p38 signaling, as demonstrated by the usage of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a specific NF-[Formula: see text]B inhibitor. In vivo, LPS-induced hepatic inflammation was significantly ameliorated in LSE-fed mice as gauged by dose-dependent inhibition of serum levels of biochemical markers of liver damage, the changes of hepatic lobular architecture and the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, as well as induction of anti-oxidant enzymes. As a result, our data presented the first evidence of EGC-enriched LSE as an anti-inflammatory agent in LPS-stimulated HepG2 cells and mice, and these findings may open interesting perspectives to the strategy in treatment for hepatic inflammation.

scholarly journals SRT1720 retards renal fibrosis via inhibition of HIF1A/GLUT1 in diabetic nephropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 241 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixia Han ◽  
Chen Wang ◽  
Zhifen Yang ◽  
Lin Mu ◽  
Ming Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sirt1 Expression ◽  
Mesenchymal Transformation

Renal fibrosis is the major pathological characteristic of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Reportedly, increased SIRT1 expression played a renal protective role in animal models of DN. This study was designed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SRT1720, an SIRT1 activator, against diabetes-induced renal fibrosis. Type 2 diabetic mice (db/db) were treated with SRT1720 (50 mg/kg/day) by gavage for 10 weeks. Renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) were treated with high glucose (HG, 30 mM) in the presence or absence of SRT1720 (2.5 µM) for 48 h. We observed that impaired SIRT1 expression and activity were restored by SRT1720 administration in db/db mice as well as in HG-treated HK-2 cells. Moreover, SRT1720 administration improved the renal function, attenuated glomerular hypertrophy, mesangial expansion, glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis and inhibited TGFB1 and CTGF expressions and nuclear factor κB (NF-KB) activation in db/db mice. Similarly, HG-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) and collagen IV and fibronectin expressions were inhibited in SRT1720-treated HK-2 cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that SRT1720 suppressed HIF1A, GLUT1 and SNAIL expressions both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, HIF1A or GLUT1 knockdown effectively abrogated HG-induced EMT and collagen IV and fibronectin expressions in HK-2 cells. These findings suggest that SRT1720 prevented diabetes-induced renal fibrosis via the SIRT1/HIF1A/GLUT1/SNAIL pathway.

scholarly journals Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F Treatment for Stage IV Diabetic Nephropathy: Protocol for a Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xu Lengnan ◽  
Zhao Ban ◽  
Wang Haitao ◽  
Liu Lili ◽  
Chen Aiqun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook F ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Secondary Endpoints ◽  
Tripterygium Wilfordii Hook

Background. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There are no effective treatments to prevent or reverse the progression of DN. A preliminary study showed that Tripterygium glycosides from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) with valsartan decrease proteinuria in patients with DN. Objectives. The objective of the present study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Tripterygium glycosides from TwHF, a traditional Chinese medicine, for the treatment of DN. Methods and Analysis. This is a prospective, single-center randomized controlled trial. Seventy participants diagnosed with DN were recruited and randomized 1 : 1 to two groups: (1) angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) combined with TwHF and (2) ARB-only. The treatment period is 48 weeks. The primary endpoint is 24 h proteinuria decreased level (reduction of 30% vs. baseline) after 48 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints are (1) all-cause and cardiovascular-related mortality, (2) development of ESRD (serum creatinine>530.4 μmol/L or estimated glomerular filtration rate eGFR<15 mL/min/1.73 m2), (3) the need for renal replacement therapy, and (4) increased serum creatinine (2-fold higher than the baseline value or ≥442 μmol/L, with confirmation of the initial results after 4 weeks). A health economics analysis will be carried out. Discussion. A meta-analysis of RCTs carried out in patients with stage 4 (Mogensen classification) diabetic CKD showed that TwHF combined with an ARB was more effective than an ARB alone when considering 24 h proteinuria and serum albumin, but with an increase in adverse event (AE) frequency of 8%. This is a prospective clinical trial that may provide information on a safe and effective novel method for the treatment of DN, especially for patients with macroproteinuria. Ethics and Dissemination. The protocol is approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Hospital (2016BJYYEC-059-02). The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and international conferences. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-17010623.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document