scholarly journals Probing Genomic Aspects of the Multi-Host Pathogen Clostridium perfringens Reveals Significant Pangenome Diversity, and a Diverse Array of Virulence Factors

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Kiu ◽  
Shabhonam Caim ◽  
Sarah Alexander ◽  
Purnima Pachori ◽  
Lindsay J. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Host Pathogen

scholarly journals RNA-Sequencing Analyses of Small Bacterial RNAs and their Emergence as Virulence Factors in Host-Pathogen Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idrissa Diallo ◽  
Patrick Provost
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Outer Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
Host Pathogen

Proteins have long been considered to be the most prominent factors regulating so-called invasive genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. The possible role of small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs), either intracellular, secreted or packaged in outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), remained unclear until recently. The advent of high-throughput RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) techniques has accelerated sRNA discovery. RNA-seq radically changed the paradigm on bacterial virulence and pathogenicity to the point that sRNAs are emerging as an important, distinct class of virulence factors in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The potential of OMVs, as protectors and carriers of these functional, gene regulatory sRNAs between cells, has also provided an additional layer of complexity to the dynamic host-pathogen relationship. Using a non-exhaustive approach and through examples, this review aims to discuss the involvement of sRNAs, either free or loaded in OMVs, in the mechanisms of virulence and pathogenicity during bacterial infection. We provide a brief overview of sRNA origin and importance and describe the classical and more recent methods of identification that have enabled their discovery, with an emphasis on the theoretical lower limit of RNA sizes considered for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses.

scholarly journals Characterization of virulence factors in Escherichia coli isolated from diarrheic and healthy calves in Austria shedding various enteropathogenic agents

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Herrera-Luna ◽  
D. Klein ◽  
G. Lapan ◽  
S. Revilla-Fernandez ◽  
B. Haschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Toxin Gene ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Control And Prevention

Faecal samples from 230 diarrhoeic and healthy calves aged 0–6 weeks, from 100 farms in Austria, were examined between October 2004 and February 2005 for the presence of bacteria, especially Shiga toxin-producing <I>Escherichia coli </I> (STEC), viruses and parasites. <I>Escherichia coli</I> was detected in 17% of all the faecal samples and was more prevalent in healthy calves. However, <I>E. coli</I> F5 was identified only in one calf without diarrhoea. Overall, 35 out of the 230 (15.2%) samples analyzed carried the Shiga toxin gene: <I>stx1, stx2</I> or both <I>stx1</I> and<I> stx2</I> in their faeces, STEC. Nevertheless, out of 39 pathogenic <I>E. coli</I> positive samples observed, only two carried the Shiga toxin genes: <I>stx1</I>, in a diarrhoeic calf and both <I>stx1</I> and <I>stx2</I> in a healthy calf. <I>eaeA</I> and <I>Ehly</I> genes were detected more frequently in the strains from diarrhoeic calves 57.1% and 50.0%, respectively. <I>Clostridium perfringens</I> was detected in twenty-one samples, the most prevalent toxin type of <I>Clostridium perfringens</I> was found to be type A (76.2%). Other bacteria such as <I>Klebsiella</I> spp. and <I>Proteus</I> spp. were present in 1.3% and 0.4% of all samples. <I>Salmonella</I> spp. was not detected. The detection rates of other enteropathogens were 25.7% bovine coronavirus, 11.7% <I>Cryptosporidium</I> spp., 10.4% <I>Eimeria</I> spp., 9.1% group A rotavirus and <I>Giardia</I> spp. 6.1%. We demonstrated the presence of the STEC virulence genes in healthy and diarrhoeic Austrian calves but the importance of the virulence factors of STEC (<I>stx1, stx2, eae</I> and <I>Ehly</I>) in calf diarrhoea and systemic disease is not well defined. Therefore, further studies are necessary to identify reservoirs or potential sources of virulent STEC strains in order to establish control and prevention strategies for STEC associated diseases in animals and humans.

scholarly journals Insights from the Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium lepraemurium: Massive Gene Decay and Reductive Evolution

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Benjak ◽  
Tanvi P. Honap ◽  
Charlotte Avanzi ◽  
Enrique Becerril-Villanueva ◽  
Iris Estrada-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pathogenic Species ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Minimal Set ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Gene Set ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Mycobacterium Lepraemurium

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium lepraemurium is the causative agent of murine leprosy, a chronic, granulomatous disease similar to human leprosy. Due to the similar clinical manifestations of human and murine leprosy and the difficulty of growing both bacilli axenically, Mycobacterium leprae and M. lepraemurium were once thought to be closely related, although it was later suggested that M. lepraemurium might be related to Mycobacterium avium. In this study, the complete genome of M. lepraemurium was sequenced using a combination of PacBio and Illumina sequencing. Phylogenomic analyses confirmed that M. lepraemurium is a distinct species within the M. avium complex (MAC). The M. lepraemurium genome is 4.05 Mb in length, which is considerably smaller than other MAC genomes, and it comprises 2,682 functional genes and 1,139 pseudogenes, which indicates that M. lepraemurium has undergone genome reduction. An error-prone repair homologue of the DNA polymerase III α-subunit was found to be nonfunctional in M. lepraemurium, which might contribute to pseudogene formation due to the accumulation of mutations in nonessential genes. M. lepraemurium has retained the functionality of several genes thought to influence virulence among members of the MAC. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium lepraemurium seems to be evolving toward a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle within its host, a niche seldom adopted by most mycobacteria, as they are free-living. M. lepraemurium could be used as a model to elucidate functions of genes shared with other members of the MAC. Its reduced gene set can be exploited for studying the essentiality of genes in related pathogenic species, which might lead to discovery of common virulence factors or clarify host-pathogen interactions. M. lepraemurium can be cultivated in vitro only under specific conditions and even then with difficulty. Elucidating the metabolic (in)capabilities of M. lepraemurium will help develop suitable axenic media and facilitate genetic studies. IMPORTANCE Mycobacterium lepraemurium seems to be evolving toward a minimal set of genes required for an obligatory intracellular lifestyle within its host, a niche seldom adopted by most mycobacteria, as they are free-living. M. lepraemurium could be used as a model to elucidate functions of genes shared with other members of the MAC. Its reduced gene set can be exploited for studying the essentiality of genes in related pathogenic species, which might lead to discovery of common virulence factors or clarify host-pathogen interactions. M. lepraemurium can be cultivated in vitro only under specific conditions and even then with difficulty. Elucidating the metabolic (in)capabilities of M. lepraemurium will help develop suitable axenic media and facilitate genetic studies.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus canintestini 49, a Potential Probiotic That Produces Multiple Bacteriocins

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (40) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeella Z. Acedo ◽  
Cherry Ibarra Romero ◽  
Sarah T. Miyata ◽  
Alysson H. Blaine ◽  
Lynn M. McMullen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Enterococcus canintestini 49, isolated from dog feces, is active against Clostridium perfringens, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and Listeria monocytogenes. Its draft genome sequence reported herein contains a gene cluster encoding multiple bacteriocins and indicates the absence of genes for virulence factors. These characteristics signify the strain’s potential for use as a probiotic.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Clostridium perfringens isolated from chickens in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 431-439
Author(s):  
TN Thi ◽  
H Vu-Khac ◽  
TN Duc
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Major Player ◽  
Positive Isolate

The objective of this study was isolating and characterising Clostridium perfringens from chickens in Vietnam and identifying virulence factors involved with enteritis. Five hundred thirty-one faecal and sixty-eight intestinal samples were collected from healthy and diseased chickens for the C. perfringens isolation. The presence of virulence factors was determined by multiplex PCR. The netB gene of the selected isolates was sequenced and checked for its expression by SDS-PAGE. Two hundred seventy-two C. perfringens isolates were collected. All of them were shown to be positive for the cpa gene. The netB gene was detected in 26.56% of the C. perfringens isolates from the healthy chickens, while 43.45% of the isolates from the faeces and 45% of the isolates from the intestinal samples were positive for this gene in the diseased birds. All eight isolates positive to netB from the diseased chickens showed 100% identity in the netB sequence and produced the NetB toxin in vitro, whereas only two out of eight healthy chicken-derived isolates produced this toxin. Nine out of ten chickens experimentally infected with the C. perfringens netB-positive isolate showed typical signs of enteritis. The cpa gene was the most prevalent virulence factor identified in the bacteria C. perfringens, but the netB gene could be a major player responsible for necrotic enteritis progression in chickens.

scholarly journals Concurrent Host-Pathogen Transcriptional Responses in aClostridium perfringensMurine Myonecrosis Infection

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Yean Low ◽  
Paul F. Harrison ◽  
Jodee Gould ◽  
David R. Powell ◽  
Jocelyn M. Choo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Host Pathogen Interactions ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Clostridial Myonecrosis ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Host Pathogen

ABSTRACTTo obtain an insight into host-pathogen interactions in clostridial myonecrosis, we carried out comparative transcriptome analysis of both the bacterium and the host in a murineClostridium perfringensinfection model, which is the first time that such an investigation has been conducted. Analysis of the host transcriptome from infected muscle tissues indicated that many genes were upregulated compared to the results seen with mock-infected mice. These genes were enriched for host defense pathways, including Toll-like receptor (TLR) and Nod-like receptor (NLR) signaling components. Real-time PCR confirmed that host TLR2 and NLRP3 inflammasome genes were induced in response toC. perfringensinfection. Comparison of the transcriptome ofC. perfringenscells from the infected tissues with that from broth cultures showed that host selective pressure induced a global change inC. perfringensgene expression. A total of 33% (923) ofC. perfringensgenes were differentially regulated, including 10 potential virulence genes that were upregulated relative to their expressionin vitro. These genes encoded putative proteins that may be involved in the synthesis of cell wall-associated macromolecules, in adhesion to host cells, or in protection from host cationic antimicrobial peptides. This report presents the first successful expression profiling of coregulated transcriptomes of bacterial and host genes during a clostridial myonecrosis infection and provides new insights into disease pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.IMPORTANCEClostridium perfringensis the causative agent of traumatic clostridial myonecrosis, or gas gangrene. In this study, we carried out transcriptional analysis of both the host and the bacterial pathogen in a mouse myonecrosis infection. The results showed that in comparison to mock-infected control tissues, muscle tissues fromC. perfringens-infected mice had a significantly altered gene expression profile. In particular, the expression of many genes involved in the innate immune system was upregulated. Comparison of the expression profiles ofC. perfringenscells isolated from the infected tissues with those from equivalent broth cultures identified many potential virulence genes that were significantly upregulatedin vivo. These studies have provided a new understanding of the range of factors involved in host-pathogen interactions in a myonecrosis infection.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document