scholarly journals The Impact of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria on the Growth Performance of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kralik ◽  
Vladimir Babak ◽  
Radka Dziedzinska
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
The Impact

Modeling the Occurrence of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Bulk Raw Milk and the Impact of Management Options for Exposure Mitigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1126-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHRISTOPHE BOULAIS ◽  
RON WACKER ◽  
JEAN-CHRISTOPHE AUGUSTIN ◽  
MOHAMED HEDI BEN CHEIKH ◽  
FABRICE PELADAN
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Scientific Debate ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Exposure Mitigation ◽  
The Impact

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causal agent of paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle and other farm ruminants. The potential role of MAP in Crohn's disease in humans and the contribution of dairy products to human exposure to MAP continue to be the subject of scientific debate. The occurrence of MAP in bulk raw milk from dairy herds was assessed using a stochastic modeling approach. Raw milk samples were collected from bulk tanks in dairy plants and tested for the presence of MAP. Results from this analytical screening were used in a Bayesian network to update the model prediction. Of the 83 raw milk samples tested, 4 were positive for MAP by culture and PCR. We estimated that the level of MAP in bulk tanks ranged from 0 CFU/ml for the 2.5th percentile to 65 CFU/ml for the 97.5th percentile, with 95% credibility intervals of [0, 0] and [16, 326], respectively. The model was used to evaluate the effect of measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of MAP in raw milk. Reducing the prevalence of paratuberculosis has less of an effect on the occurrence of MAP in bulk raw milk than does managing clinically infected animals through good farming practices.

scholarly journals Bioprotectants for control of the emerging food-borne pathogen Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP)

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Brian Healy
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Food Preservative ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Lacticin 3147

In order for bacteria to survive and grow in a particular environment, they must be able to defend themselves against competing bacteria. To do this, many produce antimicrobial compounds which kill their competitors without harming themselves. Bacteriocins are an excellent example of bacterially produced antimicrobials. Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria, which are safe bacteria found in milk, cheese and a variety of fermented foods, are the focal point of this research. Nisin is by far the most researched of all bacteriocins. Its first use as a food preservative was in 1953 and its use has been approved in 48 counties worldwide. After nisin, lacticin 3147 is one of the most thoroughly researched bacteriocins. The bacterial strain that produced lacticin 3147 was found in Ireland and lacticin 3147 is an Irish-owned bacteriocin. Although there are today a number of other bacteriocins available, nisin and lacticin 3147 are the primary interests ...

scholarly journals PSVIII-15 Genome wide DNA methylation analysis reveals role of DNA methylation in cow’s ileal response to Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
Eveline M Ibeagha-Awemu ◽  
Suraj Bhattarai ◽  
Pier-Luc Dedemaine ◽  
Mengqi Wang ◽  
Stephanie D McKay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Intergenic Regions ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Several investigations on disease progression of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection in dairy cows have revealed molecular mechanisms including genes and pathways implicated in MAP pathogenesis. Epigenetic processes including DNA methylation are known to regulate the expression of genes and many biological processes. However, limited studies have examined the role of DNA methylation in the pathogenesis of Johne’s disease (JD). This study examined the impact of subclinical MAP infection on DNA methylation profile in the ileum of cows, the site of initial interaction between MAP and host. DNA from ileum tissues from five cows positive for MAP (direct fecal qPCR and blood ELISA test; MAP+/+) and 5 cows negative for MAP (MAP-/-) were subjected to whole genome bisulfite sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. 2000 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs; FDR< 0.05) and 205 differentially methylated regions (DMRs; P < 0.01) were detected. Majority of DMCs and DMRs are located in intergenic regions (87.2% and 57.1%) followed by intronic regions (12.8% and 30.7%) of genes, respectively. Some DMCs are located on 250 genes including genes that were previously identified to be associated with JD (e.g. IL-12RB2, CD38). Interestingly, CD38, known to play roles in the effective containment of mycobacteria within granulomata in cows and genetic polymorphisms in IL-12RB2 are associated with JD and human Crohn’s disease. Also, several genes of the solute carrier family including SLC13A3, SLC15A1, SLC17A7, SLC25A21, SLC25A38 and SLC9A9 harbored DMCs. Some members of this gene family participate in pathogen clearance and have associations with JD. Our data suggest that DNA methylation changes may have regulatory roles in host (ileum) response to MAP infection. Our data therefore suggest that DNA methylation changes contribute to the regulation of host response to MAP pathogenesis and may be one of the mechanisms that MAP uses to subvert host immune responses for its survival.

scholarly journals Isolation of Mycobacterium avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis in the Feces and Tissue of Small Ruminants Using a Non-Automated Liquid Culture Method

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Luigi De Grossi ◽  
Davide Santori ◽  
Antonino Barone ◽  
Silvia Abbruzzese ◽  
Matteo Ricchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Type I ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis

Paratuberculosis is a chronic disease of ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP). Since isolation of MAP type I (S) is rarely reported in Italy, our research was aimed at isolating, by an inexpensive liquid culture manual method, this type of MAP isolates. At first, we used an ELISA to point out to serologically positive samples from five flocks. Secondly, we used a fecal direct IS900-qPCR on the ELISA positive samples, in order to detect shedder animals. Feces from IS900-qPCR positive samples were inoculated in solid and liquid culture media. IS900-qPCR was further used to test the growth of MAP isolates in liquid medium, which were further confirmed by f57-qPCR and submitted to typing by specific PCR in order to identify the MAP type. Twenty-eight samples (24 fecal and four tissutal samples) were processed by culture methods, resulting in the isolation of six type I MAP field isolates. Notably, no isolates were recovered by solid media, underlining the utility of this liquid method. Few data about this type of MAP are currently available in Italy, and further analyses should be carried out in order to study the origin and epidemiology of type I strains circulating in Italy.

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