scholarly journals Adaptive Response of Listeria monocytogenes to the Stress Factors in the Food Processing Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke ◽  
Krzysztof Skowron ◽  
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda ◽  
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska ◽  
Jakub Korkus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Bacterial Adaptation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria ◽  
Food Processing Environment

Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria that easily adapt to changing environmental conditions. The ability to grow at a wide range of temperatures, pH, and salinity determines the presence of the pathogen in water, sewage, soil, decaying vegetation, and animal feed. L. monocytogenes is an etiological factor of listeriosis, especially dangerous for the elderly, pregnant women, and newborns. The major source of L. monocytogenes for humans is food, including fresh and smoked products. Its high prevalence in food is associated with bacterial adaptation to the food processing environment (FPE). Since the number of listeriosis cases has been progressively increasing an efficient eradication of the pathogen from the FPE is crucial. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to environmental stress will significantly contribute to developing novel, effective methods of controlling L. monocytogenes in the food industry.

scholarly journals Listeria monocytogenes Response to Anaerobic Environments

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandy N. Roberts ◽  
Damayanti Chakravarty ◽  
J.C. Gardner ◽  
Steven C. Ricke ◽  
Janet R. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Anaerobic Bacterium ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive facultative anaerobic bacterium that is responsible for the disease, listeriosis. It is particularly lethal in pregnant women, the fetus, the elderly and the immunocompromised. The pathogen survives and replicates over a wide range of temperatures (4 to 42 °C), pH, salt and oxygen concentrations. Because it can withstand various environments, L. monocytogenes is a major concern in food processing industries, especially in dairy products and ready-to-eat fruits, vegetables and deli meats. The environment in which the pathogen is exposed can influence the expression of virulence genes. For instance, studies have shown that variations in oxygen availability can impact resistance to stressors. Further investigation is needed to understand the essential genes required for the growth of L. monocytogenes in anaerobic conditions. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight the data on L. monocytogenes under known environmental stresses in anaerobic environments and to focus on gaps in knowledge that may be advantageous to study in order to better understand the pathogenicity of the bacterium.

PCR–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism and Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from Ready-to-Eat Foods, the Food Processing Environment, and Clinical Samples in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 518-533
Author(s):  
DIANE RIP ◽  
PIETER A. GOUWS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length ◽  
Food Processing Environment

ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a ubiquitous, intracellular foodborne pathogen that is responsible for invasive listeriosis. The ability of L. monocytogenes to cause disease has some correlation with the serotypes of a specific lineage group, making the identification of lineage groups important for epidemiological analysis. The development of typing methods to link the strains of L. monocytogenes to an outbreak of listeriosis would help minimize the spread of the disease. The aim of this study was to design a PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method to differentiate between the lineage groups of L. monocytogenes. PCR-amplified fragments of the hly gene for 12 serotypes of L. monocytogenes were sequenced, aligned, and analyzed with the BioEdit program, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within regions of this gene were identified. Because of the difficulty in acquiring a serotype 4ab reference strain, this serotype was not included in this study. We tested the specificity and accuracy of the PCR-RFLP method on these L. monocytogenes reference strains and validated the method with 172 L. monocytogenes strains recovered from humans, food, and the food processing environment in 2000 to 2002 and 2008 to 2010 from regions within South Africa. PCR-RFLP analysis applied in this study placed L. monocytogenes serotypes into one of three lineage groups based on the sequence differences and SNPs within each lineage group. The SNPs were conserved in a region where RFLP analysis could be applied for a distinction between L. monocytogenes lineage groups. HIGHLIGHTS

The microbiome of water and water-associated biofilms in meat processing facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M. Wagner ◽  
Sarah Thalguter ◽  
Kathrin Rychli ◽  
Martin Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Extracellular Dna ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Food Contact ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing Facility ◽  
Matrix Components ◽  
Biofilm Development ◽  
Food Processing Environment

<p>Drinking water represents a reservoir for microorganisms. Microorganisms from water are able to attach to the inner surface of a water hose and nourish themselves by the leaking carbon molecules. Through the interaction of different species a multi-species biofilm can develop. Especially in the food processing environment biofilms in water hoses represent a risk factor. Within the food processing sector water hoses are often used to remove disinfecting agents from freshly cleaned surfaces, after the cleaning and disinfection procedure. When biofilms are located inside these water hoses, cells or cell clusters can detach, subsequently contaminating cleaned food contact surfaces.</p> <p>We checked water hoses as a biofilm hotspot in a meat processing facility by using a flocked swab for biofilm sampling inside the water hose and accessory parts (i.e. nozzle). The bacterial load (culture-based and DNA-based) and the presence of matrix components (carbohydrates, proteins and extracellular DNA) were analysed.  </p> <p>Herby we identified three from six tested water hoses to harbour a biofilm, by being positive for microorganisms and at least two matrix components. This clearly states the need for further understanding of biofilm formation in water hoses. Within the three other hoses, microorganisms could be detected, but no matrix components. We could isolate twelve genera of the water hose associated biofilms using one growth medium (TSA) and two different incubation temperatures (10 °C and 20 °C). There was only on genus that was present within all three water hose biofilms, which was <em>Rhodococcus</em>. Previously this genus was isolated from a shower head (Lee 2013), and is known to catabolise a wide range of organic compounds. This potentially enables the growth in a nutrient poor environment like the water hose providing secondary colonisers launch aid to contribute to the biofilm. The genera <em>Flavobacterium</em>, <em>Microbacterium</em> and Stenotrophomonas were shared among two of the water hose biofilms. Experiments to assess the biofilm forming ability of <em>isolates</em> of these genera using a mono-species static biofilm model indicate that all three species are able to produce matrix and can therefore be regarded as biofilm producers.</p> <p>To date, there is limited information about biofilm development and presence in water hoses, especially in the food processing environment. This first identification of biofilms in water hoses and associated parts emphasizes the need of further research on this topic and detailed monitoring at these sites to prevent recontamination. A currently ongoing microbiome study on the water, the used water hoses, and the water-contacting food contact sites in a meat processing facility will give further details about the biofilm presence and possible transmission of microorganisms encountered there.</p> <p> </p> <p>References:</p> <p>Lee, Yoonjin. 2013. “An Evaluation of Microbial and Chemical Contamination Sources Related to the Deterioration of Tap Water Quality in the Household Water Supply System.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 10(9):4143–60.</p>

Listeria monocytogenes in the Food Processing Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kieran Jordan ◽  
Karen Hunt ◽  
Antonio Lourenco ◽  
Vincenzo Pennone
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Processing Environment

Removal of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms with Bacteriophage P100†

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 1519-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMLESH A. SONI ◽  
RAMAKRISHNA NANNAPANENI
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Serotype 1 ◽  
Stainless Steel Coupon ◽  
Steel Coupon

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen with a persistent ability to form biofilm matrices in the food processing environments. In this study, we have determined the ability of bacteriophage P100 to reduce L. monocytogenes cell populations under biofilm conditions by using 21 L. monocytogenes strains representing 13 different serotypes. There were considerable differences in the ability of various strains of L. monocytogenes to form biofilms, with strains of serotype 1/2a showing maximum biofilm formation. Irrespective of the serotype, growth conditions, or biofilm levels, the phage P100 treatment significantly reduced L. monocytogenes cell populations under biofilm conditions. On the stainless steel coupon surface, there was a 3.5- to 5.4-log/cm2 reduction in L. monocytogenes cells by phage treatment. These findings illustrate that phage P100 is active against a wide range of L. monocytogenes strains in biofilm conditions.

Control of Listeria monocytogenes in the Food-Processing Environment

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. TOMPKIN
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Environmental Sampling ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Sampling Program ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Food Processing Environment

The purpose of this paper is to provide guidance to food processors in controlling Listeria monocytogenes in food-processing environments. Of particular concern are outbreaks of a few to several hundred scattered cases involving an unusually virulent strain that has become established in the food-processing environment and contaminates multiple lots of food over days or months of production. The risk is highest when growth occurs in a food before it is eaten by a susceptible population. The information presented in this paper provides the basis for the establishment of an environmental sampling program, the organization and interpretation of the data generated by this program, and the response to Listeria–positive results. Results from such a program, including examples of niches, are provided. Technologies and regulatory policies that can further enhance the safety of ready-to-eat foods are discussed.

scholarly journals Resistance of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms to Sanitizing Agents in a Simulated Food Processing Environment

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7711-7717 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pan ◽  
F. Breidt ◽  
S. Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Daily Cycles ◽  
Sterile Plastic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Food Processing Environment

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes to sanitizing agents under laboratory conditions simulating a food processing environment. Biofilms were initially formed on stainless steel and Teflon coupons using a five-strain mixture of L. monocytogenes. The coupons were then subjected to repeated 24-h daily cycles. Each cycle consisted of three sequential steps: (i) a brief (60 s) exposure of the coupons to a sanitizing agent (a mixture of peroxides) or saline as a control treatment, (ii) storage of the coupons in sterile plastic tubes without any nutrients or water for 15 h, (iii) and incubation of the coupons in diluted growth medium for 8 h. This regimen was repeated daily for up to 3 weeks and was designed to represent stresses encountered by bacteria in a food processing environment. The bacteria on the coupons were reduced in number during the first week of the simulated food processing (SFP) regimen, but then adapted to the stressful conditions and increased in number. Biofilms repeatedly exposed the peroxide sanitizer in the SFP regimen developed resistance to the peroxide sanitizer as well as other sanitizers (quaternary ammonium compounds and chlorine). Interestingly, cells that were removed from the biofilms on peroxide-treated and control coupons were not significantly different in their resistance to sanitizing agents. These data suggest that the resistance of the treated biofilms to sanitizing agents may be due to attributes of extracellular polymeric substances and is not an intrinsic attribute of the cells in the biofilm.

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