scholarly journals DNA Damage Protection for Enhanced Bacterial Survival Under Simulated Low Earth Orbit Environmental Conditions in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Puig ◽  
Nastassia Knödlseder ◽  
Jaume Quera ◽  
Manuel Algara ◽  
Marc Güell
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Extreme Environments ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Low Pressures

Some organisms have shown the ability to naturally survive in extreme environments, even outer space. Some of these have natural mechanisms to resist severe DNA damage from conditions such as ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, extreme temperatures, and low pressures or vacuum. A good example can be found in Deinococcus radiodurans, which was exposed to severe conditions such as those listed in the Exposure Facility of the International Space Station (ISS) for up to three years. Another example are tardigrades (Ramazzottius varieornatus) which are some of the most resilient animals known. In this study, the survival under simulated Low earth Orbit (LEO) environmental conditions was tested in Escherichia coli. The radiation resistance of this bacteria was enhanced using the Dsup gene from R. varieornatus, and two more genes from D. radiodurans involved in DNA damage repair, RecA and uvrD. The enhanced survival to wide ranges of temperatures and low pressures was then tested in the new strains. This research constitutes a first step in the creation of new bacterial strains engineered to survive severe conditions and adapting existing species for their survival in remote environments, including extra-terrestrial habitats. These strains could be key for the development of environments hospitable to life and could be of use for ecological restoration and space exploration. In addition, studying the efficacy and the functioning of the DNA repair mechanisms used in this study could be beneficial for medical and life sciences engineering.

scholarly journals Proteomic and Metabolomic Profiling of Deinococcus radiodurans Recovering After Exposure to Simulated Low Earth Orbit Vacuum Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Ott ◽  
Yuko Kawaguchi ◽  
Natalie Özgen ◽  
Akihiko Yamagishi ◽  
Elke Rabbow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling

scholarly journals Survival and Growth of Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Spp. in Well Water Used for Drinking Purposes in Garoua (North Cameroon)

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moussa Djaouda ◽  
Bouba Gaké ◽  
Daniel Ebang Menye ◽  
Serge Hubert Zébazé Togouet ◽  
Moïse Nola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Well Water ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Faecal Bacteria

The ability of strains of faecal bacteria (Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and four strains of Salmonella isolated, resp., from well water, pig, poultry, and human urine in Garoua) to survive or grow in well water microcosms was compared. Water samples were obtained from two wells in Garoua (north Cameroun). Autoclaving at 121°C for 15 min and filtration through 0.2 µm filter were used to make microcosms. Microcosms were constituted of unfiltered-autoclaved, filtered-nonautoclaved, and filtered-autoclaved well waters. Bacterial strains were inoculated at initial cell concentration of 3 Log10CFU/mL. All strains were able to survive/grow in used microcosms, and a maximal concentration of 5.61 Log10CFU/mL was observed. Survival abilities were strain and microcosm dependent. The declines were more pronounced in filtered-nonautoclaved water than in the other microcosms. E. coli and Salmonella sp. (poultry strain) lowered to undetectable levels (<1 Log10CFU/mL) after two days of water storage. V. cholera decreased over time, but surviving cells persisted for longer period in filtered-nonautoclaved water from well W1 (1.91 Log10CFU/mL) and well W2 (2.09 Log10CFU/mL). Competition for nutrients and/or thermolabile antimicrobial substances synthesized by “ultramicrocells” or by the autochthonous bacteria retained by the filter might affect the bacterial survival.

Surface molecular degradation of selected high performance polymer composites under low earth orbit environmental conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 1301-1309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firas Awaja ◽  
Jin Bum Moon ◽  
Michael Gilbert ◽  
Shengnan Zhang ◽  
Chun Gon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
High Performance Polymer

scholarly journals High Temperature Microtribological Studies of MoS2 Lubrication for Low Earth Orbit

Lubricants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Serles ◽  
Khaled Gaber ◽  
Simo Pajovic ◽  
Guillaume Colas ◽  
Tobin Filleter
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Friction Force Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Optimal Reconfiguration ◽  
Lubricant Performance

Molybdenum disulfide is one of the most common lubricant coatings for space systems but it displays enormous susceptibility to environmental conditions making it hard to predict performance throughout the entire lifetime. The majority of mechanisms for space operate in low Earth orbit where temperatures typically reach 120 °C along with exposure to highly reactive atomic oxygen which can be detrimental to lubricant performance. In the present study, a MoS2 lubricant coating is tested using friction force microscopy under different environmental conditions including air and dry nitrogen environments with temperatures ranging from 25 °C to 120 °C. The increased temperature was found to be beneficial for friction behaviour in air up to 100 °C as ambient humidity is removed from the contact, but higher temperatures become detrimental as increased reactivity leads to oxidation. These competing effects resulted in a minimum coefficient of friction at 110 °C in the air environment. The high temperature also increases the wear of the coatings as the intrinsic shear strength decreases with thermal energy which in turn disrupts tribofilm formation leading to increased friction. The run-in duration and magnitude are both found to decrease with temperature as the energy barrier to optimal reconfiguration is reduced. Finally, contextualization of the present findings for mechanisms operating in low earth orbit is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Survival in Ovine or Bovine Manure and Manure Slurry

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 3166-3174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira T. Kudva ◽  
Kathryn Blanch ◽  
Carolyn J. Hovde
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Culture Positive

ABSTRACT Farm animal manure or manure slurry may disseminate, transmit, or propagate Escherichia coli O157:H7. In this study, the survival and growth of E. coli O157:H7 in ovine or bovine feces under various experimental and environmental conditions were determined. A manure pile collected from experimentally inoculated sheep was incubated outside under fluctuating environmental conditions.E. coli O157:H7 survived in the manure for 21 months, and the concentrations of bacteria recovered ranged from <102 to 106 CFU/g at different times over the course of the experiment. The DNA fingerprints of E. coli O157:H7 isolated at month 1 and month 12 were identical or very similar. A second E. coli O157:H7-positive ovine manure pile, which was periodically aerated by mixing, remained culture positive for 4 months. An E. coliO157:H7-positive bovine manure pile was culture positive for 47 days. In the laboratory, E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into feces, untreated slurry, or treated slurry and incubated at −20, 4, 23, 37, 45, and 70°C. E. coliO157:H7 survived best in manure incubated without aeration at temperatures below 23°C, but it usually survived for shorter periods of time than it survived in manure held in the environment. The bacterium survived at least 100 days in bovine manure frozen at −20°C or in ovine manure incubated at 4 or 10°C for 100 days, but under all other conditions the length of time that it survived ranged from 24 h to 40 days. In addition, we found that the Shiga toxin type 1 and 2 genes in E. coli O157:H7 had little or no influence on bacterial survival in manure or manure slurry. The long-term survival of E. coli O157:H7 in manure emphasizes the need for appropriate farm waste management to curtail environmental spread of this bacterium. This study also highlights the difficulties in extrapolating laboratory data to on-farm conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular repertoire of Deinococcus radiodurans after 1 year of exposure outside the International Space Station within the Tanpopo mission

Microbiome ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuel Ott ◽  
Yuko Kawaguchi ◽  
Denise Kölbl ◽  
Elke Rabbow ◽  
Petra Rettberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Low Earth Orbit ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Planetary Protection ◽  
International Space

Abstract Background The extraordinarily resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans withstands harsh environmental conditions present in outer space. Deinococcus radiodurans was exposed for 1 year outside the International Space Station within Tanpopo orbital mission to investigate microbial survival and space travel. In addition, a ground-based simulation experiment with conditions, mirroring those from low Earth orbit, was performed. Methods We monitored Deinococcus radiodurans cells during early stage of recovery after low Earth orbit exposure using electron microscopy tools. Furthermore, proteomic, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were performed to identify molecular mechanisms responsible for the survival of Deinococcus radiodurans in low Earth orbit. Results D. radiodurans cells exposed to low Earth orbit conditions do not exhibit any morphological damage. However, an accumulation of numerous outer-membrane-associated vesicles was observed. On levels of proteins and transcripts, a multi-faceted response was detected to alleviate cell stress. The UvrABC endonuclease excision repair mechanism was triggered to cope with DNA damage. Defense against reactive oxygen species is mirrored by the increased abundance of catalases and is accompanied by the increased abundance of putrescine, which works as reactive oxygen species scavenging molecule. In addition, several proteins and mRNAs, responsible for regulatory and transporting functions showed increased abundances. The decrease in primary metabolites indicates alternations in the energy status, which is needed to repair damaged molecules. Conclusion Low Earth orbit induced molecular rearrangements trigger multiple components of metabolic stress response and regulatory networks in exposed microbial cells. Presented results show that the non-sporulating bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans survived long-term low Earth orbit exposure if wavelength below 200 nm are not present, which mirrors the UV spectrum of Mars, where CO2 effectively provides a shield below 190 nm. These results should be considered in the context of planetary protection concerns and the development of new sterilization techniques for future space missions.

scholarly journals Detection of Gamma Radiation-Induced Oxidation in Animal and Bacterial DNA

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Khorshed Alam
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Deinococcus Radiodurans ◽  
Ovary Cell ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Radiation Induced

Gamma radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage, in terms of production of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine (8-OHdG), was studied in the DNA samples from Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-K1), bovine, chicken, Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans. A radiation dose response with respect to the formation of the 8-OHdG residues from the DNA molecules was observed by employing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection system using monoclonal antibody. At high radiation doses (>5 kGy), the formation or detection of the 8-OHdG residues from bacterial DNA was declined. It was apparent that the oxidative DNA damage was dependent on the base composition of the DNA molecule. However, an inverse relation was observed between the dose limit and nitrogenous base composition especially the guanine residue. Nonetheless, DNA base composition might to be considered in cases of the radiation-induced oxidation of food or other DNA samples. Keywords: Gamma radiation-induced oxidation, 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanine (8-OHdG), ELISA, CHO-K1, Bovine, Chicken, Escherichia coli, Deinococcus radiodurans  DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.877 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 130-132

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