scholarly journals Fibrotic Scar After Spinal Cord Injury: Crosstalk With Other Cells, Cellular Origin, Function, and Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziyu Li ◽  
Shuisheng Yu ◽  
Xuyang Hu ◽  
Yiteng Li ◽  
Xingyu You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Treatment Target ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Permanent Loss ◽  
Fibrotic Scar ◽  
Origin Function

The failure of axonal regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent loss of sensorimotor function. The persistent presence of scar tissue, mainly fibrotic scar and astrocytic scar, is a critical cause of axonal regeneration failure and is widely accepted as a treatment target for SCI. Astrocytic scar has been widely investigated, while fibrotic scar has received less attention. Here, we review recent advances in fibrotic scar formation and its crosstalk with other main cellular components in the injured core after SCI, as well as its cellular origin, function, and mechanism. This study is expected to provide an important basis and novel insights into fibrotic scar as a treatment target for SCI.

scholarly journals Chemotropic guidance facilitates axonal regeneration and synapse formation after spinal cord injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Taylor Alto ◽  
Leif A Havton ◽  
James M Conner ◽  
Edmund R Hollis II ◽  
Armin Blesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Synapse Formation ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Descending propriospinal neurons mediate restoration of locomotor function following spinal cord injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katelyn N. Benthall ◽  
Ryan A. Hough ◽  
Andrew D. McClellan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Central Pattern Generators ◽  
Burst Activity ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Spinal Lesions ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Recovery Times ◽  
Indirect Activation

Following spinal cord injury (SCI) in the lamprey, there is virtually complete recovery of locomotion within a few weeks, but interestingly, axonal regeneration of reticulospinal (RS) neurons is mostly limited to short distances caudal to the injury site. To explain this situation, we hypothesize that descending propriospinal (PS) neurons relay descending drive from RS neurons to indirectly activate spinal central pattern generators (CPGs). In the present study, the contributions of PS neurons to locomotor recovery were tested in the lamprey following SCI. First, long RS neuron projections were interrupted by staggered spinal hemitransections on the right side at 10% body length (BL; normalized from the tip of the oral hood) and on the left side at 30% BL. For acute recovery conditions (≤1 wk) and before axonal regeneration, swimming muscle burst activity was relatively normal, but with some deficits in coordination. Second, lampreys received two spaced complete spinal transections, one at 10% BL and one at 30% BL, to interrupt long-axon RS neuron projections. At short recovery times (3–5 wk), RS and PS neurons will have regenerated their axons for short distances and potentially established a polysynaptic descending command pathway. At these short recovery times, swimming muscle burst activity had only minor coordination deficits. A computer model that incorporated either of the two spinal lesions could mimic many aspects of the experimental data. In conclusion, descending PS neurons are a viable mechanism for indirect activation of spinal locomotor CPGs, although there can be coordination deficits of locomotor activity. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the lamprey following spinal lesion-mediated interruption of long axonal projections of reticulospinal (RS) neurons, sensory stimulation still elicited relatively normal locomotor muscle burst activity, but with some coordination deficits. Computer models incorporating the spinal lesions could mimic many aspects of the experimental results. Thus, after disruption of long-axon projections from RS neurons in the lamprey, descending propriospinal (PS) neurons appear to be a viable compensatory mechanism for indirect activation of spinal locomotor networks.

Enhanced axonal regeneration by transplanted Wnt3a-secreting human mesenchymal stem cells in a rat model of spinal cord injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 159 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Kwang Seo ◽  
Jeong Hoon Kim ◽  
Joongkee Min ◽  
Hyung Ho Yoon ◽  
Eun-Sil Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

Scar tissue removal-activated endogenous neural stem cells aid Taxol-modified collagen scaffolds in repairing chronic long-distance transected spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Yin ◽  
Weiwei Xue ◽  
Hecheng Zhu ◽  
He Shen ◽  
Zhifeng Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Collagen Scaffolds ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Tissue Removal ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Endogenous Neural Stem Cells ◽  
Time Point

Only the first scar tissue removal is a key time point for chronic complete SCI repair. Endogenous NSCs could be intensively activated after the first scar tissue removal and contribute to the chronic SCI repair after bio-scaffold implantation.

scholarly journals Reduction of EphA4 receptor expression after spinal cord injury does not induce axonal regeneration or return of tcMMEP response

2007 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lillian Cruz-Orengo ◽  
Johnny D. Figueroa ◽  
Aranza Torrado ◽  
Anabel Puig ◽  
Scott R. Whittemore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cord Injury

DHAM-BMSC Matrix Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats

2009 ◽  
pp. 110306202455053
Author(s):  
Hongsheng Liang ◽  
Peng Liang ◽  
Ye Xu ◽  
Jianing Wu ◽  
Tao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Acellularized spinal cord scaffolds incorporating bpV(pic)/PLGA microspheres promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

RSC Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (32) ◽  
pp. 18677-18686
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Kai Li ◽  
Ke Huang ◽  
Chengliang Yang ◽  
Zhipeng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Axonal Regeneration ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plga Microspheres ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a traumatic injury to the central nervous system (CNS) with a high rate of disability and a low capability of self-recovery.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document