scholarly journals Intermodal Priming of Cognitive Conflict? A Failed Replication of Mager et al. (2009)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Wiswede ◽  
Jascha Rüsseler
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Matching Condition ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Matching Task ◽  
Task Instruction ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conflict Task

Introduction: The present study was conducted to verify a promising experimental setup which demonstrated an inversed Stroop-effect (much faster responses for incongruent relative to congruent Stroop trials) following a mismatching tone. In the matching condition, which was an almost exact replication of the original study, participants were required to indicate whether word color and word meaning were matching, whereas in the response conflict condition, instruction was the same as in a classical Stroop task and required the participants to respond to the word color. As in the original study, each trial was preceded by a sine tone which was deviant in pitch in 20% of the trials.Results: The main result was that the Stroop effect was not inversed after deviant tones, neither under the matching task instruction nor under the response conflict task instruction. The Stroop effect was unaffected by the previous “conceptual mismatch.”Conclusion: The current study failed to replicate the astonishing concept of “conflict priming” reported in previous work and does not open the doors for a new window on sequences of conflicts. Nevertheless, the failed replication is valuable for future research, since it demonstrated that “Conflict Priming” as a facilitation of processing of conflict trials following deviant tones, is not an confirmed finding.

scholarly journals Semantic Conflict and Response Conflict in the Stroop Task

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-38
Author(s):  
Alexey Starodubtsev ◽  
◽  
Mikhail Allakhverdov
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Effect ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Incorrect Response ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Response Level ◽  
Semantic Level ◽  
Semantic Conflict ◽  
Response Set ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Printed Word

The most common ways researchers explain the Stroop effect are either through semantic or through response conflict. According to the literature, there are several methods capable of disentangling these conflicts: to use words outside of the response set, to use associatively related colors and words, or to use a “2:1” paradigm (requiring the same response for two types of stimuli). However, we believe that these methods cannot entirely differentiate semantic and response conflicts. We propose the following alternative method: when naming the color of a printed word (e.g., red, yellow, etc.) in the Stroop test, participants were asked to use different color names for some colors. For example, the red-colored stimuli had to be named by the word “yellow”. This approach allowed us to create semantically congruent stimuli, but with the conflict at the response level (the word red appears in red, but the participants have to say “yellow” because of the rule). Some stimuli remain congruent at the response level, but with the conflict at the semantic level (the word yellow appears in red, and the participants have to say “yellow” because of the rule). The results showed that semantically congruent stimuli do not produce the Stroop effect even if the meaning of the word corresponds to an incorrect response. In turn, congruence at the response level reduces the interference effect, but interference remains significant. Thus, the response conflict affects the magnitude of the Stroop effect only when there is a semantic conflict. Our data do not correspond to models that assume direct activation of responses corresponding to word meaning

scholarly journals Indices of Heart Rate Variability and Performance During a Response-Conflict Task Are Differently Associated With ADHD and Autism

2021 ◽  
pp. 108705472097279
Author(s):  
Alessio Bellato ◽  
Iti Arora ◽  
Puja Kochhar ◽  
Chris Hollis ◽  
Madeleine J. Groom
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Accurate Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Comorbid Adhd ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated autonomic arousal, attention and response conflict, in ADHD and autism. Heart rate variability (HRV), and behavioral/electrophysiological indices of performance, were recorded during a task with low and high levels of response conflict in 78 children/adolescents (7–15 years old) with ADHD, autism, comorbid ADHD+autism, or neurotypical. ANOVA models were used to investigate effects of ADHD and autism, while a mediation model was tested to clarify the relationship between ADHD and slower performance. Slower and less accurate performance characterized ADHD and autism; however, atypical electrophysiological indices differently characterized these conditions. The relationship between ADHD and slower task performance was mediated by reduced HRV in response to the cue stimulus. Autonomic hypo-arousal and difficulties in mobilizing energetic resources in response to sensory information (associated with ADHD), and atypical electrophysiological indices of information processing (associated with autism), might negatively affect cognitive performance in those with ADHD+autism.

Spatio-temporal brain dynamics in a combined stimulus–stimulus and stimulus–response conflict task

NeuroImage ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 622-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha Frühholz ◽  
Ben Godde ◽  
Mareike Finke ◽  
Manfred Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Response Conflict ◽  
Brain Dynamics ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Spatio Temporal

scholarly journals Empathy in Piano Duet Rehearsal and Performance: A Response to Haddon and Hutchinson

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Fred Seddon
Keyword(s):  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Dual Roles ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Prior Relationship

<p>This review comments upon the article entitled above. The article is well written and describes an interesting and original study. This review critiques the Method and Discussion sections of the article and offers suggestions for future research. Three specific points from the method are considered relating to: dual roles as researcher-musicians, the use of reflective diaries in research, and the impact on the research of the prior relationship between the authors. The unique role of &ldquo;written empathy&rdquo; is discussed within the context of empathic relationships. Also, this review considers how shifts from verbal to non-verbal communication may indicate movement from a &ldquo;top-down&rdquo; to &ldquo;bottom up&rdquo; response, and how this shift is related to &ldquo;empathetic attunement.&rdquo;</p>

scholarly journals Frontal lobe functioning during a simple response conflict task in first-episode psychosis and its relationship to treatment response

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith M. Shafritz ◽  
Toshikazu Ikuta ◽  
Allison Greene ◽  
Delbert G. Robinson ◽  
Juan Gallego ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
Response Conflict ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning

The relationship between perceived dissimilarity and feedback avoidance behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Song ◽  
Kubilay Gok ◽  
Sherry Moss ◽  
Nancy Borkowski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Health Care Service ◽  
Avoidance Behaviour ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results

Purpose The purpose of this study is to understand the conditions in which subordinates, after making a mistake, are more likely to engage in feedback avoidance behaviour (FAB), a set of behaviours that could ultimately jeopardise patient safety in a health care context. Design/methodology/approach This study used a sample of 183 independent leader-subordinate dyads in the health care service sector. For this study, a multiple mediator model in which three types of conflict (task conflict, relationship conflict and process conflict) were tested and acted as mediating mechanisms that transmitted the effects of perceived dissimilarity to FAB. Findings The results supported the mediating role of two of the three forms of conflict and highlighted the consequences of dissimilarity between supervisors and subordinates in the healthcare setting. Research limitations/implications One of the noteworthy limitations of this study was that this study used cross-sectional time-lagged data. Future research should use a more rigorous longitudinal approach such as a cross-lagged design (Whitman et al., 2012) to explore the dynamic nature of dyadic relationships over time. Practical implications An important implication of our study results suggests that health care leadership development training should provide opportunities to increase awareness of the tendency of leaders to treat subordinates perceived as dissimilar more negatively. Originality/value These results contribute to our understanding of the interpersonal processes between subordinates and their supervisors, which could have a significant impact on organisational outcomes in the health care setting.

Acquisition of verb meaning through syntactic cues: A comparison of children with autism, children with specific language impairment (SLI) and children with typical language development (TLD)

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
CORY SHULMAN ◽  
AINAT GUBERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Language Impairment ◽  
Specific Language Impairment ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Primary Language ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Syntactic Cues

The ability to extract meaning through the use of syntactic cues, adapted from Naigles' (1990) paradigm, was investigated in Hebrew-speaking children with autism, those with specific language impairment (SLI) and those with typical language development (TLD), in an attempt to shed light on similarities and differences between the two diagnostic categories, both defined by primary language deficits. Thirteen children with autism and 13 with SLI were matched on chronological age, level of language functioning and gender, and 13 children with TLD were matched to the children in the two clinical groups according to language level, as measured by the CELF-P. Children with autism and children with TLD learned novel words using the syntactical cues in the sentences in which they were presented, whereas children with SLI experienced more difficulty, learning only that which would be expected from chance according to the binomial test. Only 4 of the 13 children with SLI (31%) learned the new words, whereas 11 children with autism and 10 children with TLD learned the novel verb using syntactical cues from the sentence frame. The results are analyzed in terms of possible underlying mechanisms in language acquisition. Children with autism seem to rely on relatively intact syntactic abilities, while children with SLI seem to have marked impairment in using this mechanism in acquiring word meaning. Implications for future research and intervention with preschool children with primary language disorders are discussed.

An ERP Study of Expectation Violation in a Social Comparison Context

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Du ◽  
Glenn Hitchman ◽  
Qing-Lin Zhang ◽  
Jiang Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Social Comparison ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Parahippocampal Gyrus ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Unknown Event

Previous studies pay more attention to the cognitive control in classical cognitive conflict task but the time-course of the expectation violation in a social comparison context remains unknown. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded to explore the electrophysiological correlates of expectation violation by using a reward feedback paradigm in a social comparison context. Results showed that: Expectation incongruent stimuli (EIS) elicited a more positive ERP deflection (P400-700) than did expectation congruent stimuli (ECS) between 400 and 700 ms. Furthermore, dipole source analysis revealed that the generator of P400-700 was localized near the posterior cingulate gyrus (PCC), which might be involved in the monitoring and controlling of reward expectation conflict (expectation violation). EIS also elicited a more negative ERP deflection (N1000-1500) than did ECS between 1,000 and 1,500 ms. The generator of N1000-1500 was localized near the parahippocampal gyrus, which might be related to unpleasant emotions induced by a lack of reward feedback.

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