scholarly journals Brain Functional Mechanisms Determining the Efficacy of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Primary Insomnia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Wen-ting Luo ◽  
Run-ru Mai ◽  
Xiao-yan Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Group A ◽  
Spontaneous Neuronal Activity ◽  
Group B

Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of primary insomnia (PI); however, its efficacy varies considerably across individuals for reasons that are unclear. In order to clarify the underlying mechanisms, this study investigated the effects of taVNS on spontaneous neuronal activity and autonomic nervous system function by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and measurement of heart rate variability (HRV), respectively, in patients with PI. Forty patients with PI were divided into effective (group A) and ineffective (group B) groups based on their response to taVNS as determined by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score reduction rate (group A ≥ 25% and group B < 25%). Spontaneous neuronal activity was measured by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and HRV values and was compared between the two groups as well as before vs after taVNS. We then analyzed the correlations among efficacy of taVNS for 4 weeks, the fALFF and HRV values during continuous taVNS state. The results showed that the HRV parameter values (i.e., root mean square of successive differences, percentage of adjacent NN intervals differing by >50 ms, and high frequency) of group A were higher than those of group B during continuous taVNS state. In the fMRI scan, the fALFF values of the right cerebellum, right medial superior frontal gyrus, and bilateral supplementary motor area—which belong to the sensorimotor network (SMN)—were lower in group A than in group B during continuous taVNS state. The correlation analysis revealed that the efficacy of continuous taVNS and HRV and fALFF values were interrelated. These findings demonstrate that differential regulation of the SMN by the autonomic nervous system may be responsible for inter-individual variations in the efficacy of taVNS and suggest that HRV and fALFF are potential biomarkers for predicting PI patients’ response to taVNS treatment.

Noradrenergic interactions via autonomic nervous system: a promising target for extinction-based exposure therapy?

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 2507-2510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gürsel Çalışkan ◽  
Anne Albrecht
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Biol Psychiatry ◽  
Extinction Learning ◽  
System A ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Repetitive Exposure

Fearful associations can be replaced by neutral associations through repetitive exposure of an individual to the fearful situation without the aversive component. Recently, Peña and colleagues (Peña DF, Engineer ND, McIntyre CK. Biol Psychiatry 73: 1071–1077, 2013) demonstrated that pairing activation of noradrenergic (NA) pathways through vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) with extinction learning accelerates consolidation of extinction memories in rats. Their findings stress the importance of activating the NA system through VNS in treatment of anxiety disorders such as PTSD or phobia.

scholarly journals Effects of acute transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on emotion recognition in adolescent depression

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Koenig ◽  
Peter Parzer ◽  
Niklas Haigis ◽  
Jasmin Liebemann ◽  
Tamara Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Emotion Recognition ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
System Function ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System Function ◽  
Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Nervous System Function

Abstract Background Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) is a promising therapeutic option for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. Alternative third-line treatments for MDD in adolescents are scarce. Here we aimed to assess the effects of acute tVNS on emotion recognition in adolescents with MDD. Methods Adolescents (14–17 years) with MDD (n = 33) and non-depressed controls (n = 30) received tVNS or sham-stimulation in a cross-sectional, case–control, within-subject cross-randomized controlled trial, while performing different tasks assessing emotion recognition. Correct responses, response times, and errors of omission and commission on three different computerized emotion recognition tasks were assessed as main outcomes. Simultaneous recordings of electrocardiography and electro dermal activity, as well as sampling of saliva for the determination of α-amylase, were used to quantify the effects on autonomic nervous system function. Results tVNS had no effect on the recognition of gradually or static expressed emotions but altered response inhibition on the emotional Go/NoGo-task. Specifically, tVNS increased the likelihood of omitting a response toward sad target-stimuli in adolescents with MDD, while decreasing errors (independent of the target emotion) in controls. Effects of acute tVNS on autonomic nervous system function were found in non-depressed controls only. Conclusions Acute tVNS alters the recognition of briefly presented facial expressions of negative valence in adolescents with MDD while generally increasing emotion recognition in controls. tVNS seems to specifically alter early visual processing of stimuli of negative emotional valence in MDD. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic benefit of tVNS in adolescent MDD that requires further evaluation within clinical trials.

scholarly journals Daily temperature dynamics of human skin representative areas

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91
Author(s):  
S. Goncharevskyi ◽  
V. Martynyuk
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Medulla Oblongata ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Temperature Dynamics

The main aim of our research was to study the temperature variation of representative are a soft the cranial part of the autonomic nervous system of the human skin during the day. The temperature of representative are a soft the thoracic autonomic nervous system we measured by infrared thermometer (Medisana FTO D-53340, with anaccuracy of 0.1 degree Celsius). During the study identified minimums and maximums temperatures for representative are as during the day: the hypothalamus – 13 (maximum), 3 (minimum) an hour, midbrain – 15 (maximum), 5 (minimum) an hour, pons- not found, the medulla oblongata – 9, 15 (maximum), 3.21 (minimum) an hour, the vagus nerve (right side) – 15 (maximum), 5 (at least) an hour, the vagus nerve (left side) – 15 (maximum), 21 (minimum) an hour. The presence of minimums and maximums temperature in representative areas indicates different activity related to their brain structures.

Effects of N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on responses to adrenergic and cholinergic nerve stimulation in the peripheral autonomic nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan M. Kitzen ◽  
Mary A. Schwenkler ◽  
Janice E. Moeller ◽  
Luther D. Hellyer ◽  
Sandy J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Cholinergic Nerve

On the surgical treatment of epilepsy

1934 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
P. Badul
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Cervical Sympathectomy ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Treatment Of Epilepsy ◽  
Ganglion Stellatum ◽  
Rami Communicantes

On the basis of experiments on dogs the author suggests the following operations in the autonomic nervous system in epilepsy: transection of all nerves sinus caroticus, cervical sympathectomy, transection of n. vertebralis, rami communicantes ganglion stellatum and vertical branches of the vagus nerve.

Sympathetic holding and parasympathetic release: Vagal tone and beta, alpha and theta in bio-somatic dance movement naturotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 199-229
Author(s):  
Amanda Williamson ◽  
Maisie Beth James ◽  
Vanessa Tucker
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Dance Movement ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physiological Theory

This article will be of interest to somatic movement dance therapists who work with people suffering from stress, anxiety and depression. Anyone suffering from sympathetic neural expression (fear and anxiety) might find this article useful. Within this article I detail information and practice that supports participants moving from a sympathetic state into parasympathetic release. Two of my students have provided practice-based enactments of the physiological theory they study on the programme ‘bio-somatic dance movement naturotherapy’. The article is divided into five parts. Each part provides theory about the autonomic nervous system (ANS), the vagus nerve and the practice of bio-somatic dance movement naturotherapy. The first part is called ‘The intelligence of the autonomic nervous system’. The second part is called ‘The vagus nerve'. The third part is called ‘The geography of the autonomic nervous system’. The fourth part is called ‘The New Vagus’. The fifth part is called ‘Beta, alpha and theta’. The article provides essential information on embodied healing, offered to enhance our understanding about the scientific underpinnings of practice. Another area covered is the relationship between the parasympathetic and beta, alpha and theta.

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