scholarly journals Illuminating the Brain With X-Rays: Contributions and Future Perspectives of High-Resolution Microtomography to Neuroscience

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulla Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
Katiane Tostes ◽  
Beatriz Pelegrini Bosque ◽  
João Vitor Pereira de Godoy ◽  
Dionisio Pedro Amorim Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cellular Resolution ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
The Brain

The assessment of three-dimensional (3D) brain cytoarchitecture at a cellular resolution remains a great challenge in the field of neuroscience and constant development of imaging techniques has become crucial, particularly when it comes to offering direct and clear obtention of data from macro to nano scales. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electron or optical microscopy, although valuable, still face some issues such as the lack of contrast and extensive sample preparation protocols. In this context, x-ray microtomography (μCT) has become a promising non-destructive tool for imaging a broad range of samples, from dense materials to soft biological specimens. It is a new supplemental method to be explored for deciphering the cytoarchitecture and connectivity of the brain. This review aims to bring together published works using x-ray μCT in neurobiology in order to discuss the achievements made so far and the future of this technique for neuroscience.

scholarly journals Ultrasonic Tomographic Technique and Its Applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Takiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Optical Tomography ◽  
Acoustic Tomography ◽  
Ultrasonic Tomography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Tomographic Technique ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Non Destructive

X-ray tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are excellent techniques for non-destructive or non-invasive inspections, however, they have shotcomings including the expensive cost in both the devices themselves and their protection facilities, the harmful side effects of the X-rays to human bodies and to the environment. In view of this argument, it is necessary to develop new, inexpensive, safe and reliable tomographic techniques, especially in medical imaging and non-destructive inspections. There are new tomographic techniques under development such as optical tomography, photo-acoustic tomography, ultrasonic tomography and so on, from which we take ultrasonic tomography as the topic in this paper. We introduce a review of the known ultrasonic tomographic techniques and discuss their future development.

scholarly journals Cinematic rendering of a burst sagittal suture caused by an occipito-frontal gunshot wound

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Gascho ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
Rosa M. Martinez ◽  
Stephan A. Bolliger
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Sagittal Suture ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cinematic Rendering ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

AbstractThe computed tomography (CT) scan of a 19-year-old man who died from an occipito-frontal gunshot wound presented an impressive radiating fracture line where the entire sagittal suture burst due to the high intracranial pressure that arose from a near-contact shot from a 9 mm bullet fired from a Glock 17 pistol. Photorealistic depictions of the radiating fracture lines along the cranial bones were created using three-dimensional reconstruction methods, such as the novel cinematic rendering technique that simulates the propagation and interaction of light when it passes through volumetric data. Since the brain had collapsed, depiction of soft tissue was insufficient on CT images. An additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination was performed, which enabled the diagnostic assessment of cerebral injuries.

scholarly journals Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) of brachiopod shell interiors for taxonomy: Preliminary report

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Motchurova-Dekova ◽  
David Harper
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Internal Structures ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Micro Tomography ◽  
Light Beams ◽  
Non Destructive

Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) is a non-destructive technique for the investigation and visualization of the internal features of solid opaque objects, which allows reconstruction of a complete three-dimensional image of internal structures by recording of the differences in the effects on the passage of waves of energy reacting with those structures. Contrary to X-rays, produced in a conventional X-ray tube, the intense synchrotron light beams are sharply focused like a laser beam. We report encouraging results from the use of SRXTM for purely taxonomic purposes in brachiopods: an attempt to find a non-destructive and more efficient alternative to serial sectioning and several other methods of dissection together with the non-destructive method of X-ray computerised micro-tomography. Two brachiopod samples were investigated using SRXTM. In ?Rhynchonella? flustracea it was possible to visualise the 3D shape of the crura and dental plates. In Terebratulina imbricata it was possible to reveal the form of the brachidium. It is encouraging that we have obtained such promising results using SRXTM with our very first two fortuitous samples, which had respectively fine-grained limestone and marl as infilling sediment, in contrast to the discouraging results communicated to us by some colleagues who have tested specimens with such infillings using X-ray micro-tomography. In future the holotypes, rare museum specimens or delicate Recent material may be preferentially subjected to this mode of analysis.

Complete Palmar Dislocation of the Lunate in Rheumatoid Arthritis

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. ARNER ◽  
K. JONSSON ◽  
P. ASPENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rheumatoid Patient ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Normal Bone ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Mri Changes

We report a case of complete palmar dislocation of the lunate in a rheumatoid patient. X-rays showed a normal bone structure of the lunate without sclerosis or collapse and on MRI an almost normal signal intensity was found. The lunate was removed. Histological examination showed complete necrosis of both marrow and bone cells, and tetracycline labelling showed no fluorescence. This case illustrates that neither X-ray nor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect complete bone necrosis. When X-ray or MRI changes do occur, these are indications of cellular events following some degree of spontaneous revascularization.

scholarly journals Juxtacortical Clavicular Chondrosarcoma: Diagnostic Dilemmas: Case Report and Review of Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. CMO.S10542 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.I. Efremidou ◽  
A. Oikonomou ◽  
E. Pavlidou ◽  
G. Drosos ◽  
A. Koutsopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Scan ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cartilaginous Tumor ◽  
Accurate Preoperative Diagnosis ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Juxtacortical chondrosarcoma is a rare primary malignant cartilaginous tumor accounting for 0.2% of all bone tumors. Wide surgical resection is the treatment of choice for juxtacortical chondrosarcomas. Accurate preoperative diagnosis is important in ensuring appropriate management, staging, and treatment of the patient. A combination of radiographs, three-dimensional imaging with computerized tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can typically allow accurate diagnosis of juxtacortical chondrosarcomas. Bone scan and chest x-ray or CT chest scans are indicated for appropriate staging of the patient. Pet scan, ultrasound, bone scan, etc. are not typically needed for the diagnosis. Certainly, pulmonary imaging and bone scan are required for staging and could be commented upon.

Machine Learning Model for Multi-View Visualization of Medical Images

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitesh Pradhan ◽  
Vijaypal Singh Dhaka ◽  
Geeta Rani ◽  
Himanshu Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Machine Learning Model ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract Imaging techniques such as X-ray, computerized tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging are useful in the correct diagnosis of a disease or deformity in the organ. Two-dimensional imaging techniques such as X-ray give a clear picture of simple bone deformity but fail in visualizing multiple fractures in a bone. Moreover, these lack in providing a multi-angle view of a bone. Three-dimensional techniques such as computerized tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging present a correct orientation of fracture geometry. Computerized tomography scan is a collection of multiple slices of an image. These slices provide a fair idea about a fracture but fail in the measurement of correct dimensions of a fractured fragment and to observe its geometry. It also exposes a patient with carcinogenic radiations. Magnetic resonance imaging induces a strong magnetic field. So, it becomes ineffective for organs containing metallic implants. The high cost of three-dimensional imaging techniques makes them inaccessible for economic weaker section of society. The limitations of two- and three-dimensional imaging techniques motivate researchers to propose an innovative machine learning model ‘CT slices to $3$-D convertor’ that accepts multiple slices of an image and yields a multi-dimensional view at all possible angles from 0 degree to 360 degree for an input image.

scholarly journals Osseous Infections Caused by Aspergillus Species

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Christos Koutserimpas ◽  
Ifigeneia Chamakioti ◽  
Konstantinos Raptis ◽  
Kalliopi Alpantaki ◽  
Georgia Vrioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Surgical Debridement ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Galactomannan Antigen ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Background: Osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus spp. is a severe, but rare, clinical entity. However, clear guidelines regarding the most effective medical management have not yet been established. The present study is a literature review of all such cases, in an effort to elucidate epidemiology, as well as the therapeutic management and the infection’s outcome. Methods: A thorough review of all reports of osteomyelitis of the appendicular and the axial skeleton, without the skull and the spine, caused by Aspergillus spp. was undertaken. Data about demographics, imaging techniques facilitating diagnosis, causative Aspergillus, method of mold isolation, antifungal treatment (AFT), surgical treatment, as well as the infection’s outcome were recorded and evaluated. Results: A total of 63 cases of osseous infection due to Aspergillus spp. were identified. The studied population’s mean age was 37.9 years. The most commonly affected site was the rib cage (36.8%). Most hosts suffered immunosuppressive conditions (76.2%). Regarding imaging methods indicating diagnosis, computer tomography (CT) was performed in most cases (42.9%), followed by plain X-ray (41.3%) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (34.9%). The most frequent isolated mold was Aspergillus fumigatus (49.2%). Cultures and/or histopathology were used for definite diagnosis in all cases, while galactomannan antigen test was additionally used in seven cases (11.1%), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in four cases (6.3%), and beta-d-glucan testing in three cases (4.8%). Regarding AFT, the preferred antifungal was voriconazole (61.9%). Most patients underwent surgical debridement (63.5%). The outcome was successful in 77.5%. Discussion: Osteomyelitis due to Aspergillus spp. represents a severe infection. The available data suggest that prolonged AFT in combination with surgical debridement is the preferred management of this infection, while identification of the responsible mold is of paramount importance.

scholarly journals Mini Review on Dental Imaging Devices and Use of Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Saadet Sena Egeli ◽  
Yalcin Isler
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dental Imaging ◽  
Dental Applications

Discovery of X-Rays is the beginning point of the medical imaging which developed and diversified in years. Since early days of X-Ray discovery they are used in also for imaging of teeth, in 1896, Dr. Otto Walkhoff imaged his mouth with X-Ray exposure. X-Rays helped the dentists to diagnose tooth decays and bone loss, examine dental structures and identify abnormalities of these structures. Today developments in technology resulted in different imaging techniques, X-Rays are used for Projectional Radiography and Computed Tomography, besides there are Nuclear Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound Imaging that widely used. In this review, imaging techniques for dental applications with the extension of artificial intelligence is examined to provide a brief information.

Cervical X-Rays and the Atlanto-Axial Region; Supplementary Computed Tomography may be Required in Trauma

2000 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
D. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Axial Region ◽  
Cervical Trauma ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Symptoms And Signs

In cervical trauma, x-rays may require supplementation with dynamic x-rays, computed-tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A normal cervical x-ray does not always imply cervical stability. The mechanism of injury, symptoms and signs help to indicate whether further imaging is required. We report a patient with a fracture of the atlas that was not diagnosed by plain radiology, but seen on CT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document