scholarly journals Research Progress on the Correlation Between Epigenetics and Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Chen ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Weifeng Jin ◽  
Yun Shi ◽  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Dna Hypermethylation ◽  
Post Mortem Brain ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Epigenetic Modulation

Purpose of the ReviewNowadays, the incidence of schizophrenia is noticeably increased. If left undiagnosed and untreated, it will lead to impaired social functions, repeated hospital admissions, decline in quality of life and life expectancy. However, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is complicated and challenging. Both genetic and environmental factors are considered as important contributors to the development and progression of this disorder. The environmental factors have been linked to changes in gene expression through epigenetic modulations, which have raised more and more research interests in recent years. This review article is to summarize the current findings and understanding of epigenetic modulation associated with pathogenesis of schizophrenia, aiming to provide useful information for further research in developing biomarkers for schizophrenia.Recent FindingsThree major types of epigenetic modulations have been described in this article. Firstly, both DNA hypermethylation and hypomethylated have been associated with schizophrenia via analyzing post-mortem brain tissues and peripheral blood of patients. Specific changes of non-coding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and long-chain non-coding RNAs, have been observed in central and peripheral samples of schizophrenia patients, indicating their significant diagnostic value for the disease, and may also potentially predict treatment response. The correlation between histone modification and schizophrenia, however, is largely unclear.SummaryEpigenetic modulations, including DNA methylation, ncRNA transcriptional regulation and histone modification, play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Therefore, tests of these epigenetic alterations may be utilized to assist in the diagnosis and determination of strategies of individualized treatment in clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Roles of Epigenetics Regulation in Bone Metabolism and Osteoporosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Xu ◽  
Wenhui Li ◽  
Xiao Yang ◽  
Lixin Na ◽  
Linjun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modification ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Transcriptional Regulatory ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease characterized by decreased bone mineral density and the destruction of bone microstructure, which can lead to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture. In recent years, with the deepening of the research on the pathological mechanism of osteoporosis, the research on epigenetics has made significant progress. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression levels that are not caused by changes in gene sequences, mainly including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs (lncRNA, microRNA, and circRNA). Epigenetics play mainly a post-transcriptional regulatory role and have important functions in the biological signal regulatory network. Studies have shown that epigenetic mechanisms are closely related to osteogenic differentiation, osteogenesis, bone remodeling and other bone metabolism-related processes. Abnormal epigenetic regulation can lead to a series of bone metabolism-related diseases, such as osteoporosis. Considering the important role of epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of bone metabolism, we mainly review the research progress on epigenetic mechanisms (DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNAs) in the osteogenic differentiation and the pathogenesis of osteoporosis to provide a new direction for the treatment of bone metabolism-related diseases.

scholarly journals The roles of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in the development of osteoporosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Wang Yujiao ◽  
Wang Fang ◽  
Yuan Linhui ◽  
Guo Ziqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bone Fragility ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Metabolic Bone ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Abstract Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, influenced by genetic and environmental factors, that increases bone fragility and fracture risk and, therefore, has a serious adverse effect on the quality of life of patients. However, epigenetic mechanisms involved in the development of osteoporosis remain unclear. There is accumulating evidence that epigenetic modifications may represent mechanisms underlying the links of genetic and environmental factors with increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fracture. Some RNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), have been shown to be epigenetic regulators with significant involvement in the control of gene expression, affecting multiple biological processes, including bone metabolism. This review summarizes the results of recent studies on the mechanisms of miRNA-, lncRNA-, and circRNA-mediated osteoporosis associated with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Deeper insights into the roles of these three classes of RNA in osteoporosis could provide unique opportunities for developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to this disease.

Reductionist thinking and animal models in neuropsychiatric research

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorders ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Developmental Genetic ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Mechanisms Of Plasticity

AbstractReductionist thinking in neuroscience is manifest in the widespread use of animal models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Broader investigations of diverse behaviors in non-model organisms and longer-term study of the mechanisms of plasticity will yield fundamental insights into the neurobiological, developmental, genetic, and environmental factors contributing to the “massively multifactorial system networks” which go awry in mental disorders.

Research progress in plant hydraulic conductance under different environmental factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Liang YANG ◽  
Fu-Cang ZHANG ◽  
Xiao-Gang LIU ◽  
Nan ZHANG ◽  
Zhen-Yang GE
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Research Progress

scholarly journals Advances in the role of miRNAs in the occurrence and development of osteosarcoma

Open Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1003-1011
Author(s):  
Guanyu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
Jiasheng Xu ◽  
Zhenfang Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Target Gene ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Research ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractOsteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant tumor of the skeletal system in the clinic. It mainly occurs in adolescent patients and the pathogenesis of the disease is very complicated. The distant metastasis may occur in the early stage, and the prognosis is poor. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs of about 18–25 nt in length that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes. miRNAs can regulate target gene expression by promoting the degradation of target mRNAs or inhibiting the translation process, thereby the proliferation of OS cells can be inhibited and the apoptosis can be promoted; in this way, miRNAs can affect the metabolism of OS cells and can also participate in the occurrence, invasion, metastasis, and recurrence of OS. Some miRNAs have already been found to be closely related to the prognosis of patients with OS. Unlike other reviews, this review summarizes the miRNA molecules closely related to the development, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of OS in recent years. The expression and influence of miRNA molecule on OS were discussed in detail, and the related research progress was summarized to provide a new research direction for early diagnosis and treatment of OS.

The Association Between Chronic Disease and Psychological Distress: An Australian Twin Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 322-329
Author(s):  
Jessica Tyler ◽  
Janine Lam ◽  
Katrina Scurrah ◽  
Gillian Dite
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Twin Study ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Distress Scale

AbstractThere is a commonly observed association between chronic disease and psychological distress, but many potential factors could confound this association. This study investigated the association using a powerful twin study design that can control for unmeasured confounders that are shared between twins, including genetic and environmental factors. We used twin-paired cross-sectional data from the Adult Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire collected by Twins Research Australia from 2014 to 2017. Linear regression models fitted using maximum likelihood estimations (MLE) were used to test the association between self-reported chronic disease status and psychological distress, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6). When comparing between twin pairs, having any chronic disease was associated with a 1.29 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.66; p < .001). When comparing twins within a pair, having any chronic disease was associated with a 0.36 increase in K6 (95% CI: 0.002, 0.71; p = .049). This within-pair estimate is of most interest as comparing twins within a pair naturally controls for shared factors such as genes, age and shared lived experiences. Whereas the between-pair estimate does not. The weaker effect found within pairs tells us that genetic and environmental factors shared between twins confounds the relationship between chronic disease and psychological distress. This suggests that associations found in unrelated samples may show exaggerated estimates.

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