scholarly journals Evaluating Sensory Integration/Sensory Processing Treatment: Issues and Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Camarata ◽  
Lucy Jane Miller ◽  
Mark T. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Verbal Interactions ◽  
Sensory Integration Dysfunction ◽  
Processing Treatment ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
Theories Of Change ◽  
Core Symptoms

For more than 50 years, “Sensory Integration” has been a theoretical framework for diagnosing and treating disabilities in children under the umbrella of “sensory integration dysfunction” (SID). More recently, the approach has been reframed as “the dimensions of sensory processing” or SPD in place of SID, so the review herein describes this collective framework as sensory integration/sensory processing treatment (SI/SP-T) for ASD. This review is not focused on diagnosis of SI/SPD. Broadly, the SI/SPD intervention approach views a plethora of disabilities such as ADHD, ASD, and disruptive behavior as being exacerbated by difficulties in modulating and integrating sensory input with a primary focus on contributions from tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems which are hypothesized to contribute to core symptoms of the conditions (e.g., ASD). SI/SP intervention procedures include sensory protocols designed to enhance tactile, proprioceptive, and vestibular experiences. SI/SP-T procedures utilize equipment (e.g., lycra swings, balance beams, climbing walls, and trampolines), specific devices (e.g., weighted vests, sensory brushes) and activities (e.g., placing hands in messy substances such as shaving cream, sequenced movements) hypothesized to enhance sensory integration and sensory processing. The approach is reviewed herein to provide a framework for testing SI/SP-T using widely accepted clinical trials and event coding methods used in applied behavior analysis (ABA) and other behavioral interventions. Also, a related but distinct neuroscientific paradigm, multisensory integration, is presented as an independent test of whether SI/SP-T differentially impacts sensory integration and/or multisensory integration. Finally, because SI/SP-T activities include many incidental behavioral events that are known as developmental facilitators (e.g., contingent verbal models/recasts during verbal interactions), there is a compelling need to control for confounds to study the unique impact of sensory-based interventions. Note that SI/SP-T includes very specific and identifiable procedures and materials, so it is reasonable to expect high treatment fidelity when testing the approach. A patient case is presented that illustrates this confound with a known facilitator (recast intervention) and a method for controlling potential confounds in order to conduct unbiased studies of the effects of SI/SP-T approaches that accurately represent SI/SP-T theories of change.

scholarly journals The occurrence and significance of coexisting diseases and disorders in the process of diagnosis and treatment of sensory integration disorders – preliminary report

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zdzienicka-Chyła
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Method ◽  
Legal Guardians ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Sensory Integration Dysfunction ◽  
Sensory Processing Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

Therapy of sensory processing disorders is becoming more widespread and available as a therapeutic method, and supports the development of a child. Recently, the availability of classes conducted using this method has greatly increased, and more and more children are beginning to take part in these therapeutic activities. Sensory processing disorders have signifi cant impact on the functioning of a child. The study was conducted to answer the question of whether and how co-existing diseases and disorders can affect the process of diagnosis and therapy in the fi eld of sensory processing disorders. The study included a group of children reported to diagnosis for sensory integration disorders at the Center for Sensory Integration Disorders and Rehabilitation in Lublin between 2012-2014. All subjects lived in the Lublin Voivodeship. We analyzed records of 40 children aged 2 years 6 months to 9 years 8 months, for whom the diagnosis was carried out in the direction of sensory processing disorders, and their diagnosis indicated a sensory integration dysfunction. At the time of beginning therapy, on the basis of interviews conducted with parents/legal guardians, co-existing diseases or disorders related to 37% of those undergoing therapy. Additional tests and consultations, conducted already in the course of therapy, showed co-existing disorders or diseases for a larger group of children - data collected during the 6-month period from the beginning of treatment showed that 65% of children required care of a specialist clinic. The largest group were children who required additional orthoptic therapy. Knowledge of co-existing diseases and disorders is a condition making the therapy safe and effective. Cite this article as: Zdzienicka-Chyła A.M. The occurrence and significance of coexisting diseases and disorders in the process of diagnosis and treatment of sensory integration disorders – preliminary reports. Med Rehabil 2016; 20(2): 20-24.

scholarly journals Pilot study: Sensory integration processing disorders in children with optic nerve hypoplasia spectrum

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagjeet Jutley-Neilson ◽  
Gillian Greville-Harris ◽  
Jeremy Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia ◽  
Adaptive Behaviour ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sensory Integration Dysfunction ◽  
Spectrum Condition ◽  
Assessment And Monitoring

This study aimed to explore the sensory processing profiles of children with the spectrum of optic nerve hypoplasia (ONH). Caregivers completed the Short Sensory Profile (SSP), the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ), and the Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scale (VABS) interview. The study demonstrated that children with ONH present with sensory integration dysfunction (SID), in their intact senses, and that autistic spectrum condition (ASC) was the best predictor of SID, rather than visual loss, or level of intellectual disability in these children. The results indicate that assessment and monitoring of SID in children with ONH is crucial.

Exploring persistent complaints of imbalance after mTBI: Oculomotor, peripheral vestibular and central sensory integration function

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Kody R. Campbell ◽  
Lucy Parrington ◽  
Robert J. Peterka ◽  
Douglas N. Martini ◽  
Timothy E. Hullar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Vestibular Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Central Function ◽  
Validated Questionnaires ◽  
Sensory Integration Dysfunction

BACKGROUND: Little is known on the peripheral and central sensory contributions to persistent dizziness and imbalance following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). OBJECTIVE: To identify peripheral vestibular, central integrative, and oculomotor causes for chronic symptoms following mTBI. METHODS: Individuals with chronic mTBI symptoms and healthy controls (HC) completed a battery of oculomotor, peripheral vestibular and instrumented posturography evaluations and rated subjective symptoms on validated questionnaires. We defined abnormal oculomotor, peripheral vestibular, and central sensory integration for balance measures among mTBI participants as falling outside a 10-percentile cutoff determined from HC data. A X-squared test associated the proportion of normal and abnormal responses in each group. Partial Spearman’s rank correlations evaluated the relationships between chronic symptoms and measures of oculomotor, peripheral vestibular, and central function for balance control. RESULTS: The mTBI group (n = 58) had more abnormal measures of central sensory integration for balance than the HC (n = 61) group (mTBI: 41% –61%; HC: 10%, p’s <  0.001), but no differences on oculomotor and peripheral vestibular function (p >  0.113). Symptom severities were negatively correlated with central sensory integration for balance scores (p’s <  0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Ongoing balance complaints in people with chronic mTBI are explained more by central sensory integration dysfunction rather than peripheral vestibular or oculomotor dysfunction.

Alternative Assessments for Sensory Integration Dysfunction

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy High ◽  
Anna Gough ◽  
Donald Pennington ◽  
Chris Wright
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Alternative Assessments ◽  
Sensory Integration Dysfunction

scholarly journals Improvement in excoriation (skin-picking) with use of risperidone in a patient with developmental disability

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody Roi ◽  
Alessandra Bazzano
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Skin Picking ◽  
Autistic Spectrum ◽  
Valuable Treatment ◽  
Skin Picking Disorder ◽  
Core Symptoms ◽  
Psychosocial Complications

Patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder present with a heterogeneous mix of features beyond the core symptoms of the disorder. These features can be emotional, cognitive or behavioral. Behavioral symptoms often include self-injury, and this may take the form of repetitive skin-picking. The prevalence of skin-picking disorder in Autism is unknown. Skin-picking may lead to significant medical and psychosocial complications. Recent data suggest that behavioral interventions may be more effective than medications at reducing skin-picking in neurotypical patients. In this case, an 11-year-old male with intellectual disability and autistic spectrum disorder, with self-injurious skin-picking, was treated with risperidone with complete resolution of skin-picking symptoms. risperidone has been approved for irritability and aggression in Autistic spectrum disorder, and may be a valuable treatment option for skinpicking in pediatric patients with developmental disabilities.

scholarly journals Sensory Integration Therapy Versus Usual Care for Sensory Processing Difficulties in Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: Study Protocol for a Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Randell ◽  
Rachel McNamara ◽  
Sue Delport ◽  
Monica Busse ◽  
Richard Hastings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Sensory Integration Therapy ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common lifelong condition affecting 1 in 100 people. ASD affects how a person relates to others and the world around them. Difficulty responding to sensory information (noise, touch, movement, taste, sight) is common, and might include feeling overwhelmed or distressed by loud or constant low-level noise (e.g. in the classroom). Affected children may also show little or no response to these sensory cues. These ‘sensory processing difficulties’ are associated with behaviour and socialisation problems, and affect education, relationships, and participation in daily life. Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) is a face-to-face therapy or treatment, provided by trained occupational therapists who use play -based sensory-motor activities and the just-right challenge to influence the way the child responds to sensation, reducing distress, and improving motor skills, adaptive responses, concentration and interaction with others. With limited research into SIT, this protocol describes in detail how the intervention will be defined and evaluated. Methods: Two-arm pragmatic individually 1:1 Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT) with internal pilot of SIT versus Usual Care (UC) for primary school aged children (4 to 11 years) with ASD and Sensory Processing (SP) difficulties. 216 children will be recruited from multiple sources. Therapy will be delivered in clinics meeting full fidelity criteria for manualised SIT over 26 weeks (face-to-face sessions: 2 per week for 10 weeks, 2 per month for 2 months; Telephone call: 1 per month for 2 months). Follow up assessments will be completed at 6 and 12 months post randomisation. Prior to recruitment: therapists will be invited to participate in focus groups/interviews to explore what is delivered as usual care in trial regions; carers will be invited to complete an online survey to map out their experience of services. Following recruitment: carers will be given diaries to record their contact with services. Following intervention, carer and therapist interviews will be completed. Discussion: Results of this trial will provide high quality evidence on the clinical and cost-effectiveness of SIT aimed at improving behavioural, functional, social, educational and well-being outcomes for children and well-being outcomes for carers and families. Trial registration: ISRCTN14716440. Registered 08/11/2016. http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN14716440

scholarly journals Integrating vision and echolocation for navigation and perception in bats

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. eaaw6503 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Danilovich ◽  
Y. Yovel
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Multisensory Integration ◽  
Sensory Integration ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
Fruit Bats ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape ◽  
Complex Manner

How animals integrate information from various senses to navigate and generate perceptions is a fundamental question. Bats are ideal animal models to study multisensory integration due to their reliance on vision and echolocation, two modalities that allow distal sensing with high spatial resolution. Using three behavioral paradigms, we studied different aspects of multisensory integration in Egyptian fruit bats. We show that bats learn the three-dimensional shape of an object using vision only, even when using both vision and echolocation. Nevertheless, we demonstrate that they can classify objects using echolocation and even translate echoic information into a visual representation. Last, we show that in navigation, bats dynamically switch between the modalities: Vision was given more weight when deciding where to fly, while echolocation was more dominant when approaching an obstacle. We conclude that sensory integration is task dependent and that bimodal information is weighed in a more complex manner than previously suggested.

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