scholarly journals The Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Status and Problems

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luyao Wang ◽  
Yurong Chen ◽  
Xinrui Liu ◽  
Ziyi Li ◽  
Xiangpeng Dai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
T Cell Therapy

Cancer is one of the main causes of disease-related deaths in the world. Although cancer treatment strategies have been improved in recent years, the survival time of cancer patients is still far from satisfied. Cancer immunotherapy, such as Oncolytic virotherapy, Immune checkpoints inhibition, Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, Chimeric antigen receptor natural killer (CAR-NK) cell therapy and macrophages genomic modification, has emerged as an effective therapeutic strategy for different kinds of cancer. However, many patients do not respond to the cancer immunotherapy which warrants further investigation to optimize this strategy. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), as a versatile genome engineering tool, has become popular in the biology research field and it was also applied to optimize tumor immunotherapy. Moreover, CRISPR-based high-throughput screening can be used in the study of immunomodulatory drug resistance mechanism. In this review, we summarized the development as well as the application of CRISPR/Cas9 technology in the cancer immunotherapy and discussed the potential problems that may be caused by this combination.

scholarly journals Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy in B-cell lymphomas: current status and future directions

2021 ◽  
pp. IJH33
Author(s):  
Julio C Chavez ◽  
Farah Yassine ◽  
Jose Sandoval-Sus ◽  
Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
B Cell ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

Aims: To review recent data and relevant of the role of anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Methods: Review and compilation of the most recent and relevant data published in full text and abstract forms of anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy for B-cell NHL. Results: Different anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy products have been tested and shown significant clinical activity across B-cell NHL patients. The objective responses in relapsed DLBCL, FL and MCL were 50–83%, 83–93% and 93%, respectively. Conclusions: Anti-CD19 CAR T-cell therapy is a viable option for poor risk refractory B-cell NHLs.

Current Status of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 371-377
Author(s):  
Vishal Jindal ◽  
John Khoury ◽  
Ruby Gupta ◽  
Ishmael Jaiyesimi
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
T Cell Therapy

scholarly journals Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors: Current Status, Obstacles and Future Strategies

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Heyman ◽  
Yiping Yang
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
Current Status ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cells ◽  
Car T

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR T Cells) have led to dramatic improvements in the survival of cancer patients, most notably those with hematologic malignancies. Early phase clinical trials in patients with solid tumors have demonstrated them to be feasible, but unfortunately has yielded limited efficacy for various cancer types. In this article we will review the background on CAR T cells for the treatment of solid tumors, focusing on the unique obstacles that solid tumors present for the development of adoptive T cell therapy, and the novel approaches currently under development to overcome these hurdles.

scholarly journals Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy: basic principles, current advances, and future prospects in neuro-oncology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Joo Yoo ◽  
Biyan Nathanael Harapan
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T

AbstractWith recent advances, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy has become a promising modality for patients with refractory cancer diseases. The successful results of CAR T cell therapy in relapsed and refractory B-cell malignancies shifted the paradigm of cancer immunotherapy by awakening the scientific, clinical, and commercial interest in translating this technology for the treatment of solid cancers. This review elaborates on fundamental principles of CAR T cell therapy (development of CAR construct, challenges of CAR T cell therapy) and its application on solid tumors as well as CAR T cell therapy potential in the field of neuro-oncology. Glioblastoma (GBM) is identified as one of the most challenging solid tumors with a permissive immunological milieu and dismal prognosis. Standard multimodal treatment using maximal safe resection, radiochemotherapy, and maintenance chemotherapy extends the overall survival beyond a year. Recurrence is, however, inevitable. GBM holds several unique features including its vast intratumoral heterogeneity, immunosuppressive environment, and a partially permissive anatomic blood–brain barrier, which offers a unique opportunity to investigate new treatment approaches. Tremendous efforts have been made in recent years to investigate novel CAR targets and target combinations with standard modalities for solid tumors and GBM to improve treatment efficacy. In this review, we outline the history of CAR immunotherapy development, relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR T cells as well as preclinical approaches in combination with adjunct approaches via checkpoint inhibition, bispecific antibodies, and second-line systemic therapies that enhance anticancer efficacy of the CAR-based cancer immunotherapy.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advancements in Cancer Immunotherapy and Generation of CAR T Cell by CRISPR-Cas9

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Md. Al Saber ◽  
Partha Biswas ◽  
Dipta Dey ◽  
Md. Abu Kaium ◽  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T ◽  
Engineered T Cells

The mechanisms involved in immune responses to cancer have been extensively studied for several decades, and considerable attention has been paid to harnessing the immune system’s therapeutic potential. Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a promising new treatment option for a variety of cancer types. Various strategies including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T-cell cancer therapy and CAR T-cell therapy have gained prominence through immunotherapy. However, the full potential of cancer immunotherapy remains to be accomplished. In spite of having startling aspects, cancer immunotherapies have some difficulties including the inability to effectively target cancer antigens and the abnormalities in patients’ responses. With the advancement in technology, this system has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body including the generation of engineered T cells. Due to its high specificity, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a simple and flexible genome editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Recently, the CD19-mediated CAR T-cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy has opened a new avenue for the treatment of human cancer, though low efficiency is a major drawback of this process. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the CAR T cell (engineered T cells that induce the chimeric antigen receptor) by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a better weapon to fight against cancer. In this review, we have broadly focused on recent immunotherapeutic techniques against cancer and the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the modification of the T cell, which can specifically recognize cancer cells and be used as immune-therapeutics against cancer.

scholarly journals The Advance Cancer Immunotherapy Techniques and the Future Perspective of Modified T Cell Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Al Saber ◽  
Partha Biswas ◽  
Dipta Dey ◽  
Md. Abu Kaium ◽  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Cancer Immunotherapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T ◽  
Engineered T Cells

The mechanisms involved in immune responses to cancer have been extensively studied for several decades and, considerable attention has been paid to harnessing the immune system's therapeutic potential. Cancer immunotherapy has established itself as a promising new treatment option for a variety of cancer types. Various strategies including cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), adoptive T-cell-cancer therapy and immune test therapy have gained prominence through immunotherapy. However, it remains to be accomplished the full potential of cancer immunotherapy. In spite of having startling aspects, the cancer immunotherapies have some difficulties including the inability to effectively targeting the cancer antigens and the abnormalities in patient response. With the advancement of technology, this system has changed the genome-based immunotherapy process in the human body including generation of engineered T cells. Due to its high specificity, CRISPR-Cas9 has become a simple and flexible genome-editing tool to target nearly any genomic locus. Recently, the CD19-mediated CAR-T cell (chimeric antigen receptor T cell) therapy has opened a new avenue for the treatment of human cancer, though low efficiency is a major drawback of this process. Thus, increasing the efficiency of the CAR-T cell (engineered T cells that induce the chimeric antigen receptor) by using CRISPR-Cas9 technology could be a better weapon to fight against the cancer. In this review, we have broadly focused on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for the modification of the T-cell, which can specifically recognize cancer cells and be used as immune therapeutics against cancer. We have also demonstrated the other potential strategies for the treatment of cancer.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells immunotherapy: challenges and opportunities in hematological malignancies

Immunotherapy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 1341-1357
Author(s):  
Nashwa El-Khazragy ◽  
Sherief Ghozy ◽  
Passant Emad ◽  
Mariam Mourad ◽  
Diaaeldeen Razza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Chimeric Antigen Receptor ◽  
Hematological Malignancies ◽  
Antigen Receptor ◽  
T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T Cell ◽  
Car T Cell Therapy ◽  
Car T ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

Taking advantage of the cellular immune system is the mainstay of the adoptive cell therapy, to induce recognition and destruction of cancer cells. The impressive demonstration of this principle is chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T)-cell therapy, which had a major impact on treating relapsed and refractory hematological malignancies. Despite the great results of the CAR-T-cell therapy, many tumors are still able to avoid immune detection and further elimination, as well as the possible associated adverse events. Herein, we highlighted the recent advances in CAR-T-cell therapy, discussing their applications beneficial functions and side effects in hematological malignancies, illustrating the underlying challenges and opportunities. Furthermore, we provide an overview to overcome different obstacles using potential manufacture and treatment strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document