Immunologically Active Components in Human Milk and Development of Atopic Disease, With Emphasis on Food Allergy, in the Pediatric Population

Asthma, eczema, food allergy, and allergic rhinitis are some of the most common pediatric, chronic conditions in the world. Breastfeeding is the optimal way to feed all infants. For those infants who are exposed to infant formula, some studies suggest that certain partially hydrolyzed or extensively hydrolyzed formulas may decrease the risk of allergic disease compared to nonhydrolyzed formulas for children with a family history of atopic disease. Overall, there is some evidence to suggest that partially hydrolyzed whey formulas and extensively hydrolyzed casein formulas may decrease the risk of developing eczema for infants at high risk of allergic disease. The evidence for a preventive effect of hydrolyzed formulas on allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and asthma is inconsistent and insufficient. Finally, the qualitative changes to the peptides by the method of hydrolysis, not just the degree of protein hydrolysis, may have a large influence on the preventive effect of a particular infant formula for the potential risk of allergic disease. As a result, it may be difficult to generalize findings from clinical studies using a specific infant formula to other infant formulas from different manufacturers using different methods of hydrolysis. Further clinical studies are needed to help clinicians identify which infants may benefit from early intervention, as well as which specific hydrolyzed formulas are best suited to decrease the risk of future allergic disease.

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Complementary feeding and food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis: a systematic review

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition ◽

10.1093/ajcn/nqy220 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 109 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 890S-934S ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Julie E Obbagy ◽

Laural K English ◽

Yat Ping Wong ◽

Nancy F Butte ◽

Kathryn G Dewey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Food Allergy ◽

Complementary Feeding ◽

Atopic Disease ◽

Study Data ◽

Reverse Causality ◽

Diet Diversity ◽

Diagnostic Measures ◽

Department Of Health

ABSTRACTBackgroundNutrition during infancy and toddlerhood may influence health and disease prevention across the life span. Complementary feeding (CF) starts when human milk or infant formula is complemented by other foods and beverages, beginning during infancy and continuing to age 24 mo.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to describe systematic reviews conducted for the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services Pregnancy and Birth to 24 Months Project to answer the following question: What is the relationship between the timing of the introduction of complementary foods and beverages (CFBs), or types and amounts of CFBs consumed, and the development of food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis?MethodsThe literature was searched using 4 databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, PubMed) to identify articles published from January 1980 to February 2017 that met predetermined inclusion criteria. For each study, data were extracted and risk of bias was assessed. The evidence was qualitatively synthesized to develop a conclusion statement, and the strength of the evidence was graded.ResultsThirty-one included articles addressed the timing of CFB introduction, and 47 articles addressed the types and amounts of CFBs consumed.ConclusionsModerate evidence suggests that there is no relationship between the age at which CF first begins and the risk of developing food allergy, atopic dermatitis/eczema, or childhood asthma. Limited to strong evidence, depending on the specific food, suggests that introducing allergenic foods in the first year of life (after 4 mo) does not increase the risk of food allergy and atopic dermatitis/eczema but may prevent peanut and egg allergy. There is not enough evidence to determine a relationship between diet diversity or dietary patterns and atopic disease. Research is needed to address gaps and limitations in the evidence on CF and atopic disease, including research that uses valid and reliable diagnostic measures and accounts for key confounders and potential reverse causality.

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Butyrate as bioactive human milk protective component against food allergy

Allergy ◽

10.1111/all.14625 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lorella Paparo ◽

Rita Nocerino ◽

Elena Ciaglia ◽

Carmen Di Scala ◽

Carmen De Caro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Human Milk

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Behavioral Risks Associated with Food Allergy Management in an Urban Pediatric Population.

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.jaci.2016.12.489 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 139 (2) ◽

pp. AB149

Author(s):

Tukisa Smith ◽

Jennifer Camacho ◽

Julie Wang

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Allergy Management

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A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Atopic Diseases in Children on the Arabian Peninsula

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000493267 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 436-442 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Waleed Al-Herz

Keyword(s):

Food Allergy ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Arabian Peninsula ◽

Economic Status ◽

International Study ◽

Atopic Disease ◽

High Rate ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Atopic Diseases ◽

Pubmed Search

Objectives: To study the available data on the prevalence of atopic diseases and food allergy in children living on the Arabian Peninsula. Methods: A PubMed search for relevant published articles was conducted using the following search terms singly or in combination: “atopy,” “atopic disease,” “atopic disorder,” “International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood,” “ISAAC,” “asthma,” “allergic rhinitis,” “eczema,” and “food allergy” in combination with the names of countries of the Arabian Peninsula (Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and Yemen). The search captured studies published up to December 2017. Results: A total of 8 publications reporting prevalence rates of any type of atopic disease in children in 7 countries of the Arabian Peninsula were retrieved. The prevalence of all atopic disorders was comparable between countries of the Arabian Peninsula. The overall prevalence of asthma ranged from 8 to 23%, while the reported prevalence of eczema ranged from 7.5 to 22.5%. There was great variation in the prevalence rates of rhinoconjunctivitis, which ranged from 6.3 to 30.5%. The prevalence of food allergy (8.1%) was reported for 1 country only, the United Arab Emirates. Conclusions: The reported overall rates of atopic disease in countries of the Arabian Peninsula are comparable to those reported in other industrialized countries. This is probably related to the good economic status in the region, which is reflected in the living standards and lifestyle. Further, genetic factors, such as factors related to gene polymorphism, and the high rate of consanguinity in the region may contribute to the higher prevalence of atopic diseases.

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