scholarly journals Screen Time and Bone Status in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela de Lamas ◽  
Paula Sánchez-Pintos ◽  
María José de Castro ◽  
Miguel Sáenz de Pipaon ◽  
María Luz Couce
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Bone Health ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bone Status ◽  
Bone Speed Of Sound ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Introduction: Technological advances over the last 2 decades have led to an increase in the time spent by children and youth engaged in screen-based activities, and growing recognition of deleterious effects on health. In this systematic review of cohort and cross-sectional studies, we assess current data on the relationship between screen time and bone status in children and teenagers.Methods: We searched PUBMED and SCOPUS databases for studies of children and adolescents that assessed screen time and bone status, determined by measuring bone mineral content or density, bone stiffness index, bone speed of sound, bone broadband ultrasound attenuation, or frame index. Searches were limited to studies published between 1900 and 2020, and performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The studies included were evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale.Results: Ten cohort and cross-sectional studies including pediatric population were selected. The combined study population was 20,420 children/adolescents, of whom 18,444 participated in cross-sectional studies. Four studies assessed the effects of total screen time, seven the consequences of TV viewing time, and six the effects of recreational computer use on bone health. Our findings indicate an inverse association between total and weekly screen time and bone health in children and adolescents. In 57% of the studies included also a negative correlation between television viewing time and bone status was observed, while recreational computer time did not have a significant impact on bone health. According to the only four studies that included dietetic factors, no relevant differences were found between calcium intake and screen time or bone broadband ultrasound attenuation and bone speed of sound.Conclusions: Review of the literature of the past three decades provides strong support for comprehensive education of screen time on bone status. The findings of this systematic review support a negative association between screen time and bone status in children and adolescents, with a different impact when considering the different technological devices. As peak bone mass in adolescents is the strongest predictor of osteoporosis risk, strategies aimed at improving bone health should incorporate conscious use of digital technology.

scholarly journals School absenteeism as a risk factor for self-harm and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1175-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Epstein ◽  
Emmert Roberts ◽  
Rosemary Sedgwick ◽  
Catherine Polling ◽  
Katie Finning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Self-harm and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents are common and are risk factors for completed suicide. Social exclusion, which can take many forms, increases the risk of self-harm and suicidal ideation. One important marker of social exclusion in young people is school absenteeism. Whether school absenteeism is associated with these adverse outcomes, and if so to what extent, remains unclear. To determine the association between school absenteeism and both self-harm (including completed suicide) and suicidal ideation in children and adolescents, we conducted a systematic review of observational studies. We conducted meta-analysis and report a narrative synthesis where this was not possible. Meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies showed that school absenteeism was associated with an increased risk of self-harm [pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval 1.20–1.57, P = 0.01] and of suicidal ideation (pooled aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.02–1.42, P = 0.03). A small number of studies showed that school absenteeism had a longitudinal association with both adverse outcomes. Heterogeneity in the exposure and outcome variables, study design and reporting was prominent and limited the extent to which it was appropriate to pool results. School absenteeism was associated with both self-harm and suicidal ideation in young people, but this evidence was derived from a small number of cross-sectional studies. Further research into the mechanisms of this association could help to inform self-harm and suicide prevention strategies at clinical, school and population levels.

scholarly journals Electronic Media Use and Sleep in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisbeth Lund ◽  
Ida Nielsen Sølvhøj ◽  
Dina Danielsen ◽  
Susan Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Electronic Media Use

Abstract Background In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in whether the use of electronic media affects children and young adolescents' sleep. We performed a systematic review of the association between electronic media use and sleep outcomes among 0-15-year-olds.Methods Searches were carried out in four databases (CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Medline). Additional studies were identified by hand-searching reference lists of retrieved systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Inclusion criteria were age range from 0 to 15.9 years, in English, and intervention studies, cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies from western countries. Qualitative studies were excluded due to a low number of identified studies. Exclusion criteria were study populations with psychiatric diagnoses, obesity, or any sleep disorder. Results The search identified 10,719 unique studies, of which 108 fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were assessed for methodological quality. In total, 49 studies were included in the review. The study designs were randomized controlled trials (n=3), quasi-experimental studies (n=two), prospective cohort studies (n=15), and cross-sectional studies (n=29). Evidence for an association between electronic media use and sleep duration was identified; particularly excessive electronic media use and bedtime use. The evidence was stronger for 6-15-years-olds than 0-5-year-olds. The relationship between electronic media use and other sleep outcomes was more inconclusive. Conclusions Overall, electronic media use was generally associated with shorter sleep duration in children and adolescents aged 0-15. Studies with stronger research design and of higher quality are needed to draw solid conclusions about electronic media’s impact on sleep outcomes and gain better understands of the mechanisms behind the associations. Public awareness and interventions could be promoted about the potential negative impact on children's sleep duration of electronic media devices that are used excessively and close to bedtime.

Homocysteine levels and cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana de Oliveira Leite ◽  
Jacqueline Costa Dias Pitangueira ◽  
Nadjane Ferreira Damascena ◽  
Priscila Ribas de Farias Costa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies

Abstract Context Studies have indicated that homocysteine levels are nontraditional markers for cardiovascular disease. The onset of atherosclerotic disease begins in childhood and adolescence; thus, prevention of its risk factors should occur early. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to summarize the association between high homocysteine levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents. Data Sources This systematic review and meta-analysis were developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the protocol was submitted to PROSPERO. Only observational studies in children and adolescents with homocysteine levels as an exposure variable and cardiovascular risk factors as outcome variables were included and searched in the following electronic bibliographic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Ovid and Scopus. Data Extraction Two authors independently extracted data from eligible studies. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Data Analysis Seven studies were included in the systematic review; they were published from 1999 to 2017, predominantly were of a cross-sectional design, and mainly evaluated adolescents. In the meta-analysis (n = 6), cross-sectional studies (n = 3) identified that high homocysteine levels were positive and weakly correlated with overweight in children and adolescents (odds ratio, 1.08; 95%CI, 1.04–1.11). Conclusion High homocysteine levels were weakly associated with overweight in children and adolescents in the reviewed cross-sectional studies. However, for the other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, the findings, although important, were inconclusive. Additional robust longitudinal studies are recommended to be conducted to better identify these associations. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018086252.

scholarly journals Emotional Regulation and Overeating Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Francesca Favieri ◽  
Andrea Marini ◽  
Maria Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Emotional Regulation ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

The worldwide prevalence of obesity has dramatically increased, mostly in children and adolescents. The Emotional Eating theoretical model has proposed that the failure in emotional regulation could represent a risk factor for establishing maladaptive overeating behavior that represents an inadequate response to negative emotions and allows increasing body-weight. This systematic review investigates the relationship between overeating and both emotional regulation and emotional intelligence in childhood and adolescence, considering both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Moreover, another goal of the review is evaluating whether emotional regulation and emotional intelligence can cause overeating behaviors. The systematic search was conducted according to the PRISMA-statement in the databases Medline, PsychArtcles, PsychInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences, and allows 484 records to be extracted. Twenty-six studies were selected according to inclusion (e.g., studies focused on children and adolescents without clinical conditions; groups of participants overweight or with obesity) and exclusion (e.g., studies that adopted qualitative assessment or cognitive-affective tasks to measure emotional variables; reviews, commentary, or brief reports) criteria detailed in the methods. Cross-sectional studies showed a negative association between emotional regulation and overeating behavior that was confirmed by longitudinal studies. These findings highlighted the role of maladaptive emotion regulation on overeating and being overweight. The relationship between these constructs in children and adolescents was consistent. The results indicated the complexity of this association, which would be influenced by many physiological, psychological, and social factors. These findings underline the need for further studies focused on emotion regulation in the development of overeating. They should analyze the mediation role of other variables (e.g., attachment style, peer pressure) and identify interventions to prevent and reduce worldwide overweight prevalence.

scholarly journals Knowledge of blood donation and associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e044343
Author(s):  
Addisu Getie ◽  
Adam Wondmieneh ◽  
Melaku Bimerew ◽  
Getnet Gedefaw ◽  
Asmamaw Demis
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
Study Participants

ObjectiveTo assess the level of knowledge about blood donation and associated factors in Ethiopia.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsBoth published and unpublished cross-sectional studies on the level of knowledge about blood donation in Ethiopia were included. Articles from different databases such as PubMed/MEDLINE, HINARI, EMBASE, Scopus, Google Scholar and African Journals Online were searched. Cochrane I2 statistics were used to check for heterogeneity. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses of evidence of heterogeneity were carried out. Egger’s test with funnel plot was conducted to investigate publication bias.ResultTwenty cross-sectional studies with a total of 8338 study participants (4712 men and 3626 women) were included. The overall nationwide level of knowledge about blood donation was 56.57% (95% CI 50.30 to 62.84). Being in secondary school and above (adjusted OR=3.12; 95% CI 2.34 to 4.16) and being male (adjusted OR=1.81; 95% CI 1.44 to 2.28) were the factors associated with level of knowledge about blood donation.ConclusionMore than half of the study participants were knowledgeable about blood donation. Sex and educational status were the factors significantly associated with level of knowledge about blood donation in Ethiopia. Therefore, there is a need for education and dissemination of information about blood donation among the general population to build adequate knowledge and maintain regular blood supply.

scholarly journals How does academic achievement relate to cardiorespiratory fitness, self-reported physical activity and objectively reported physical activity: a systematic review in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (16) ◽  
pp. 1039-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson Marques ◽  
Diana A Santos ◽  
Charles H Hillman ◽  
Luís B Sardinha
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Relationship

ObjectiveThis report aimed to systematically review the evidence for a differential association between objective and self-reported physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on academic achievement.DesignSystematic review.Data sourcesStudies were identified from searches in Embase, Education Resources Information Center, PubMed, PsycINFO, SPORTdiscus and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to December 2016.Eligibility criteria for selecting studiesEligibility criteria included cross-sectional, longitudinal and interventional study designs. Outcomes included students’ school grade or a standardised test or measure of academic achievement. Explanatory variables were cardiorespiratory fitness and objective and self-reported physical activity. Inclusion criteria included school-aged children and adolescents aged–18 years (or students from primary to secondary school when student’s participants age was not described) and articles published in English, Portuguese or Spanish.ResultsA total of 51 articles met inclusion criteria: 41 cross-sectional, 2 intervention and 8 longitudinal studies. Results from 11 studies were inconsistent regarding the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and academic achievement. Ten of the 16 articles reported positive associations between self-reported physical activity and academic achievement. From the 22 studies that analysed the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement, it was verified that they all generally support the beneficial effect of cardiorespiratory fitness on students’ academic achievement.ConclusionHigher cardiorespiratory fitness may be important to enhance children and adolescents’ health and, additionally, academic achievement. Due to a lack of consensus across studies, methodological issues associated with the assessment of physical activity should be considered when investigating physical activity and academic achievement.

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