Inflammation Pharmacological Reaction and YMDD Mutational Patterns in Lamivudine Therapeutics Hepatitis B Virus

Background/Aims: Emergence of tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) motif in reverse transcriptase is a serious problem in chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients after Lamivudine (LAM) therapy. However, the relationship between inflammation pharmacological reaction and YMDD mutational patterns of CHB has not been well-characterized. The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammation pharmacological reaction and different YMDD mutants patterns of CHB patients.Methods: We investigated the inflammation pharmacological reaction and YMDD mutational patterns through biochemical, serological and virological detection among 83 CHB patients, including 25 YMDD mutants, 25 under detection, and 33 control patients without YMDD mutants.Results: Prevalence of YMDD mutation patterns is different. Among 25 YMDD mutants patients, YIDD was the dominant mutation (72%), followed YVDD (16%) and the hybrid YIDD + YVDD (12%). The time course during the YMDD mutations was also different. 52.4% patients developed the mutation less than 12 months after the LAM therapy. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA level in patients with YMDD mutants were significantly higher than that in control and negative groups. Serum HbsAg and HbeAg in patients with YMDD mutants were also higher than those in control and negative groups, despite no significant difference was found forserum HbeAb. ALT and AST levels were also significantly higher in mutants group.Conclusions: Illuminating inflammation pharmacological reaction and YMDD mutational patterns of CHB during pathological process may have implications for future therapy in YMDD mutation patients. This may have impact on the choice of treatment strategies for lamivudine-resistant HBV.

Download Full-text

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection: Treatment Strategies for the Next Millennium

Annals of Internal Medicine ◽

10.7326/0003-4819-132-9-200005020-00007 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 132 (9) ◽

pp. 723 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Arshad H. Malik ◽

William M. Lee

Keyword(s):

Chronic Hepatitis ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Infection Treatment ◽

Chronic Hepatitis B Virus ◽

B Virus

Download Full-text

Emergence of a Novel Mutation in the FLLA Region of Hepatitis B Virus during Lamivudine Therapy

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.49.7.2618-2624.2005 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 49 (7) ◽

pp. 2618-2624 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

S. Balakrishna Pai ◽

A. Mithat Bozdayi ◽

Rekha B. Pai ◽

Tolunay Beker ◽

Mustafa Sarioglu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Novel Mutation ◽

Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽

Human Hepatoma Cells ◽

Lamivudine Therapy ◽

Major Mechanism ◽

B Virus ◽

Novel Variant ◽

Ymdd Motif

ABSTRACT The emergence of resistance to lamivudine has been one of the major stumbling blocks to successful treatment and control of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. The major mechanism of resistance has been attributed to the alteration in the YMDD motif of the HBV polymerase due to an amino acid change of rtM204 to V/I and an accompanying rtL180M conversion. A novel mutation pattern in a patient having clinical breakthrough under lamivudine therapy was discovered. The mutant had a rtL180C/M204I genotype and was detected after 2 years of therapy with lamivudine. To characterize this novel variant, site-directed mutagenesis was performed using a vector construct containing the HBV genome. Transient transfection studies in human hepatoma cells with HBV carrying the new mutant demonstrated that the rtL180C/M204I mutant was resistant to lamivudine up to 10 μM. The resistance profile was comparable to that of the previously reported rtL180 M/M204I-containing virus. These observations were further confirmed by generation of stable cultures transfected with the mutant virus.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Hepatitis B among Food Vendors in Wurukum Market, Makurdi Benue State

South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/sajrm/2018/v2i329262 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

V. U. Obisike ◽

C. M. Uke ◽

E. U. Amuta

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Test Strips ◽

Significant Difference ◽

B Virus ◽

Life Threatening

Hepatitis B is a life threatening infectious liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HBV among food vendors in Wurukum, a highly commercial section of metropolitan Makurdi in Benue State. The test was carried out with the use of an immunochromatographic micropoint HBsAg test strips and a HBsAg buffer screen for the virus. Out of the 250 non-vaccinated food vendors sampled, 27(10.8%) had HBV infection, with more in males (21.7%) than in females (6.6%). No significant difference (p>0.05) was found among age groups in spite of the observed highest prevalence of 14.3% among the 20-29 year olds. Therefore, the need for routine screening cannot be overemphasized in spite of known risk factors among food vendors.

Download Full-text

Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Vaccinated Children and Adolescents with HBsAg-positive Parents: Is Routine Vaccination Sufficient?

Health Scope ◽

10.5812/jhealthscope.120505 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol In Press (In Press) ◽

Author(s):

Alireza Bakhshipour ◽

Manijeh Khalili ◽

Raheleh Rafaiee

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Exposed Group ◽

High Rate ◽

Childhood Vaccination ◽

Intradermal Vaccination ◽

Significant Difference ◽

B Virus

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a severe public health problem in Iran. This study was conducted to investigate the intrafamilial transmission of HBV in vaccinated children whose one or both parents were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Methods: In a study with retrospective cohort design, 110 exposed cases with HBsAg-positive parent(s) were compared with 110 unexposed controls of the same sex and age groups. The participants were directly asked about demographic characteristics, medical history, and vaccinations. Blood samples were collected and analyzed for HBV infection markers using the ELIZA method. Results: Overall, 1.8% HBsAg (P = 0.15) and 13.6% hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) (P < 0.0001) positivity rates were detected in the exposed group. The hepatitis B surface antibody titer (HBsAb) showed that 34.5% of cases and 56.3% of controls had HBsAb levels > 10 IU/L. There was a significant difference in the protective HBsAb level between the two groups (P < 0.0001). There were significant associations between HBsAb level and gender in the exposed group and decreased HBsAb levels and age. Conclusions: The high rate of positive HBcAb and HBsAg and decreasing HBsAb levels with age in this study indicate that routine childhood vaccination programs are inadequate in preventing HBV transmission and vaccine routes changing or further booster vaccination is essential. Effective case finding in vaccinated children with HBsAg-positive parents, intradermal vaccination, and hepatitis B immunoglobulin in newborns with HBsAg-positive fathers are suggested.

Download Full-text

Age-wise and Gender-wise Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection in Lahore, Pakistan

BioScientific Review ◽

10.32350/bsr.0104.03 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 01 (04) ◽

pp. 20-28

Author(s):

Aqib Nazeer ◽

Shahid Ali ◽

Imran Tipu

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Age Group ◽

Pakistani Population ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

B Virus ◽

And Gender

Background The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in the Pakistani population has been reported previously, however, studies with a city-oriented approach and focus on age and gender distribution are very limited. Therefore, the current study was designed to unravel the age-wise and gender wise prevalence of HBV in Lahore, Pakistan. Methods A total of 350 blood samples of both male and female patients who visited National Genetic Laboratory, Lahore between February 2019 and July 2019 and who were suspected of HBV infection were screened. Sandwich based ELISA was used to detect rapid hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) according to the manufacturer’s instruction. Real time PCR was used to detect HBV using HBV Rotor Gene PCR kit. Results Out of 350 blood samples screened for HBV infection (n= 350), 180 (51.43%) were of males and 170 (48.57%) were of females. Mean age (years) with SD (standard deviation) of the screened population was 37.22 ± 12.16 years. Overall, 224 samples (64%) were found to be positive for HBV infection. In our study, the number of females with this infection (52.24%) was slightly higher than males (47.76%). However, we observed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.225) between them. Conclusion Our study concludes that HBV is highly prevalent in Lahore, Pakistan. Females are slightly more susceptible to HBV infection as compared to males. This study also reports that HBV is more prevalent in the 20-40 age group.

Download Full-text

Identification and characterization of SEC24D as a susceptibility gene for hepatitis B virus infection

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49777-8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xianzhong Jiang ◽

Bin Zhang ◽

Junsheng Zhao ◽

Yi Xu ◽

Haijun Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Time Course ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Association Studies ◽

Susceptibility Gene ◽

Hbv Infection ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

B Virus

Abstract Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genes associated with susceptibility to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection that have been identified by genome-wide association studies explain only a limited portion of the known heritability, indicating more genetic variants remain to be discovered. In this study, we adopted a new research strategy to identify more susceptibility genes and variants for HBV infection. We first performed genetic association analysis of 300 sib-pairs and 3,087 case-control samples, which revealed that 36 SNPs located in 31 genes showed nominal associations with HBV infection in both samples. Of these genes, we selected SEC24D for further molecular analysis according to the following two main lines of evidence. First, a time course analysis of the expression profiles from HBV-infected primary human hepatocytes (PHH) demonstrated that SEC24D expression increased markedly as time passed after HBV infection (P = 4.0 × 10−4). Second, SNP rs76459466 in SEC24D was adversely associated with HBV risk (ORmeta = 0.82; Pmeta = 0.002), which again indicated that SEC24D represents a novel susceptibility gene for HBV infection. Moreover, SEC24D appeared to be protective against HBV infection in vitro. Consistently, we found that SEC24D expression was significantly enhanced in non-infected liver tissues (P = 0.002). We conclude that SEC24D is a novel candidate gene linked to susceptibility to HBV infection.

Download Full-text

Seroconversion after Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccination

Journal of Medicine ◽

10.3329/jom.v11i2.5461 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 143-150 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abhijit Guho ◽

Md Abdul Ahad ◽

Md Abdus Salam ◽

Md Abdul Alim ◽

AKM Enamul Haque ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Hepatitis B Vaccine ◽

Hepatitis B Virus Infection ◽

Recombinant Hepatitis ◽

Protective Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

B Virus ◽

Study Population

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is an important public health problem with significant morbidity andmortality. Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine for the prevention of hepatitis B virus infection is in practice in differentparts of the world since its availability in 1986. Government of Bangladesh has also included hepatitis B vaccine inEPI schedule since 2005.Materials and methods: This study was carried out to assess the seroconversion status among hepatitis Bvaccinated individuals. A total of 190 individuals including 150 vaccinated persons and 40 non-vaccinated apparentlyhealthy individuals were included as study population. Sources of vaccinated persons were from both EPI and non-EPI schedule of vaccination. Age and sex matched non-vaccinated individuals served as controls for the study. Allindividuals constituting the study population were screened for HBsAg by Immunochromatographic strip test andonly HBsAg-negative persons were included for estimation of their anti-HBs titer.Results: Out of 150 vaccinated individuals, 133(88.67%) were found to have anti-HBs titer in the protective level(>10 IU/L), while 17(11.33%) individuals had anti-HBs titer below the protective level (<10 IU/L). All non-vaccinatedcontrols had anti-HBs titers below the protective level. Regarding immune response developed among vaccinatedindividuals, 67.78%, 23.33% and 8.89% were good-responders, hypo-responders and non-responders respectively.Mean titer of anti-HBs was found significantly higher among recipients who received booster dose than those whoreceived 3 doses schedule (863.39 IU/L vs. 262.40 IU/L), indicating high antibody titer develops after booster dose.Vaccinated group included 85 (56.67%) men and 65 (43.33%) women with protective level of anti-HBs titer foundin 85.88% male and 92.31% female individuals. There was no significant difference of anti-HBs titer between maleand female (p>0.05). Vaccinated individuals from lower socioeconomic condition have had comparatively low rateof protective antibody than people from middle and upper classes.Conclusion: Recombinant HB vaccine induces good level of protective immunity among vaccinated persons.Keywords: Hepatitis B; hepatitis B vaccine; seroconversion; BangladeshDOI: 10.3329/jom.v11i2.5461J MEDICINE 2010; 11 : 143-150

Download Full-text

Relationship between the prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen and arbovirus in fishermen from the Ribeira Valley, Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46651990000300012 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 215-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lygia Busch Iversson ◽

Celso F. Hernandes Granato ◽

Amélia Travassos da Rosa ◽

Cláudio Sérgio Pannuti

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B ◽

Age Groups ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Core Antigen ◽

São Paulo ◽

Region Detection ◽

Significant Difference ◽

B Virus ◽

Hepatitis B Core Antigen

Sera from 299 fishermen 16 to 80 years old, residents in Cananeia and Iguape counties, southern cost of São Paulo State, Brazil, were studied in order to identify a possible association between the prevalence of specific antibodies to the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to haematophagus mosquitoes evaluated by the prevalence of arbovirus antibodies. This professional group presented the highest prevalence of arbovirus antibodies (54.1%) in past investigations carried out in this heavily forested region. Detection of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) in the sera was done by enzyme immunoassay (Roche). Prevalence of anti-HBc antibodies in this group was 31.4% (94/299) which is very high compared with 7.2% to 15.0% for different groups of healthy adults in State of São Paulo. No significant difference is observed between the prevalences of HBV antibodies in Iguape and Cananeia. Prevalence of anti-HBc and anti-arbovirus antibodies increases with age. There is a concordance in the distribution according to age groups of the frequency of anti-HBc and anti-arbovirus positive sera. Ag HBs was detected in 4% of the studied sera. These results support the hypothesis that the transmission of the hepatitis B virus and the arboviruses may be due to the same factor, one of the possibilities would be by anthropophilic mosquitoes.

Download Full-text