scholarly journals A Review of the Ethnopharmacology, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Application, Quality Control, Processing, Toxicology, and Pharmacokinetics of the Dried Rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Yang ◽  
Huan Yu ◽  
Ajiao Hou ◽  
Wenjing Man ◽  
Song Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Atractylodes Macrocephala

The product investigated herein is the dried rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. [Asteraceae] (Baizhu), which is also known as Dongbaizhu, Wuzhu, Yuzhu, Zhezhu, and Zhongzhu, among others. It invigorates the spleen, replenishes qi, and removes dampness, diuresis, and hidroschesis, and impacts fetal safety. It is often used for the treatment of diseases such as spleen function deficiency, abdominal distension, diarrhea, sputum, vertigo, edema, fever, and sweating and also aids cessation of minimal vaginal bleeding during pregnancy. In this study, research pertaining to the ethnopharmacology, application, phytochemistry, analytical methods, quality control, processing, pharmacology, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of Baizhu has been reviewed. Relevant information and data reported for Baizhu were collected from CNKI, VIP, PubMed, Web of Science, scientific databases, Chinese Medicinal Material Encyclopedia, Chinese herbal medicine classics, Chinese medicine dictionary, doctoral and master’s theses, and so on. Baizhu demonstrates diuretic, antidiuretic, anti-inflammatory effects and antitumor function and aids regulation of gastrointestinal function, hypoglycemic effect, analgesic action, protection on the liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats, inhibition of aromatase, treatment of bone disease, strengthening myocardial contraction ability, detoxification and cholagogic effect, fall hematic fat action, such as the treatment of acute renal injury, and so on. It also can be an anticoagulant, improve the nervous system disease, affect the immune system, and regulate uterine smooth muscle, antioxidation, antiaging, and antibacterial effect. Sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, polyacetylenes, phenylpropanoids, coumarins, flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, steroids, benzoquinones, polysaccharides, and other compounds were isolated from Baizhu. Among them, sesquiterpenoids, polysaccharides, and polyacetylenes are the main components of Baizhu. Baizhu exhibits a wide range of pharmacological effects and constitutes a considerable proportion of the composition of many proprietary crude drugs. It mainly affects the endocrine, nervous, and urinary systems. The presented information suggests that we should focus on the development of new drugs related to Baizhu, including specific components, to achieve a greater therapeutic potential that can be considered to further explore the information related to Baizhu.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Sulfide in the Cardiovascular System: A Small Molecule with Promising Therapeutic Potential

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Tikhomirova ◽  
Alexei Muravyov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Enzymatic Pathways

this review summarizes current knowledge of the hydrogen sulfide role in cardiovascular system, the proposed mechanisms of its action and the prospects for its applicability in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Hydrogen sulfide was recently recognized as gasotransmitter – simple signaling molecule which freely penetrates the cell membrane and regulates a number of biological functions. In humans endogenous H2S is generated via enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways and its content varies in different tissues and is strictly regulated. In cardiovascular system H2S is produced by myocardial, vascular and blood cells and regulates a number of vital functions. Numerous experimental data prove that endogenously generated as well as exogenously administered H2S exerts a wide range of actions in cardiovascular system, including vasodilator/vasoconstrictor effects, regulation of blood pressure, pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in the vascular smooth muscle cells, influence on angiogenesis and erythropoiesis, myocardial cytoprotection in ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxygen sensing, inhibition of platelet aggregation and blood coagulation, modification of erythrocyte microrheological properties (aggregability and deformability). Understanding of molecular mechanisms of H2S action and molecular crosstalk between H2S, NO, and CO is essential for the development of its diagnostic and therapeutic potential.

scholarly journals HYDROGEN: THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL IN WELLNESS AND MEDICINE

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Lemaire, ◽  
F. Barbier
Keyword(s):  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Acute Ischemia ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Effective Antioxidant ◽  
Cytoprotective Agent ◽  
Antioxidant Agent

Persistent oxidative stress plays an important role in a variety of pathologies, and the search for an effective and well tolerated antioxidant agent continues. Molecular hydrogen acts as a therapeutic antioxidant by selectively reducing cytotoxic oxygen radicals. The non-specific mechanism of hydrogen as a therapeutic antioxidant gives it broad therapeutic potential across a wide range of medical applications, as has been shown by a substantial volume of preclinical data, as well as a growing body of clinical evidence. This review provides an overview of the therapeutic potential of hydrogen, in ageing and wellness applications as well as medical applications, including acute ischemia/reperfusion injury, inflammation and ulceration, metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer (anti-cancer effects, radiation toxicities, and side effects of cisplatin) with an emphasis on clinical data. Overall, this review shows that hydrogen is an effective antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective agent.

scholarly journals Monocytic MDSC mobilization promotes tumor recurrence after liver transplantation via CXCL10/TLR4/MMP14 signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Chang Chun Ling ◽  
Wai Ho Oscar Yeung ◽  
Li Pang ◽  
Jiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Graft ◽  
Mouse Tumor ◽  
Hepatic Ischemia ◽  
Tlr4 Signaling

AbstractTumor recurrence is the major obstacle for pushing the envelope of liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. The inflammatory cascades activated by acute liver graft injury promote tumor recurrence. We aimed to explore the role and mechanism of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) mobilization induced by liver graft injury on tumor recurrence. By analyzing 331 HCC patients who received liver transplantation, the patients with graft weight ratio (GWR, the weight of liver graft divided by the estimated standard liver weight of recipient) <60% had higher tumor recurrence than GWR ≥60% ones. MDSCs and CXCL10/TLR4 levels were significantly increased in patients with GWR <60% or tumor recurrence. These findings were further validated in our rat orthotopic liver transplantation model. In CXCL10−/− and TLR4−/− mice of hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury plus major hepatectomy (IRH) model, monocytic MDSCs, instead of granulocytic MDSCs, were significantly decreased. Importantly, CXCL10 deficiency reduced the accumulation of TLR4+ monocytic MDSCs, and CXCL10 increased MDSC mobilization in the presence of TLR4. Moreover, MMP14 was identified as the key molecule bridging CXCL10/TLR4 signaling and MDSC mobilization. Knockout or inhibition of CXCL10/TLR4 signaling significantly reduced the tumor growth with decreased monocytic MDSCs and MMP14 in the mouse tumor recurrent model. Our data indicated that monocytic MDSCs were mobilized and recruited to liver graft during acute phase injury, and to promote HCC recurrence after transplantation. Targeting MDSC mobilization via CXCL10/TLR4/MMP14 signaling may represent the therapeutic potential in decreasing post-transplant liver tumor recurrence.

scholarly journals The Cardioprotective Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide in Heart Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Potential

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqi Shen ◽  
Zhuqing Shen ◽  
Shanshan Luo ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Yi Zhun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Cardiac Diseases ◽  
Mammalian Tissues ◽  
Antioxidative Action

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is now recognized as a third gaseous mediator along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO), though it was originally considered as a malodorous and toxic gas. H2S is produced endogenously from cysteine by three enzymes in mammalian tissues. An increasing body of evidence suggests the involvement of H2S in different physiological and pathological processes. Recent studies have shown that H2S has the potential to protect the heart against myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, hypertrophy, fibrosis, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart failure. Some mechanisms, such as antioxidative action, preservation of mitochondrial function, reduction of apoptosis, anti-inflammatory responses, angiogenic actions, regulation of ion channel, and interaction with NO, could be responsible for the cardioprotective effect of H2S. Although several mechanisms have been identified, there is a need for further research to identify the specific molecular mechanism of cardioprotection in different cardiac diseases. Therefore, insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying H2S action in the heart may promote the understanding of pathophysiology of cardiac diseases and lead to new therapeutic targets based on modulation of H2S production.

scholarly journals Use of peroxiredoxin for preconditioning of heterotopic heart transplantation in a rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
N. V. Grudinin ◽  
V. K. Bogdanov ◽  
M. G. Sharapov ◽  
N. S. Bunenkov ◽  
N. P. Mozheiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Transplantation ◽  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Isolated Heart ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Heterotopic Heart Transplantation ◽  
Wide Range

Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is an antioxidant enzyme in the human body that performs a number of important functions in the cell. Prdx6 restores a wide range of peroxide substrates, thus playing a leading role in maintaining redox homeostasis in mammalian cells. In addition to peroxidase activity, Prdx6 has an activity of phospholipase A2, thus taking part in membrane phospholipid metabolism. Due to its peroxidase and phospholipase activity, Prdx6 participates in intracellular and intercellular signal transmission, thereby facilitating the initiation of regenerative processes in the cell, suppression of apoptosis and activation of cell proliferation. Given the functions performed, Prdx6 can effectively deal with oxidative stress caused by various factors, including ischemia-reperfusion injury. On an animal model of rat heterotopic heart transplantation, we showed the cardioprotective potential of exogenous recombinant Prdx6, introduced before transplantation and subsequent reperfusion injury of the heart. It has been demonstrated that exogenous Prdx6 effectively alleviates the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart by 2–3 times, providing normalization of its structural and functional state during heterotopic transplantation. The use of recombinant Prdx6 can be an effective approach in preventing/alleviating ischemia-reperfusion injury of the heart, as well as in maintaining an isolated heart during transplantation.

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mingxuan Chi ◽  
Kuai Ma ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhaolun Ding ◽  
Yunlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Renal Diseases

The human gut microbiota is a complex cluster composed of 100 trillion microorganisms, which holds a symbiotic relationship with the host under normal circumstances. Intestinal flora can facilitate the treatment of human metabolic dysfunctions and interact with the intestinal tract, which could influence intestinal tolerance, immunity, and sensitivity to inflammation. In recent years, significant interests have evolved on the association of intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases within the academic circle. Abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in the bacterial translocation, production, and accumulation of dysbiotic gut-derived metabolites, such as urea, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). These processes lead to the abnormal activation of immune cells; overproduction of antibodies, immune complexes, and inflammatory factors; and inflammatory cell infiltration that can directly or indirectly cause damage to the renal parenchyma. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of intestinal flora in the development and progression of several renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further research on these mechanisms should provide insights into the therapeutic potential of regulating intestinal flora and intervening related molecular targets for the abovementioned nephropathy.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Potential of Selenium as a Component of Preservation Solutions for Kidney Transplantation

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (16) ◽  
pp. 3592
Author(s):  
Aneta Ostróżka-Cieślik ◽  
Barbara Dolińska ◽  
Florian Ryszka
Keyword(s):  
Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Preservation Solution ◽  
Kidney Preservation ◽  
Preservation Solutions ◽  
Metabolic Reduction

Selenium has strong antioxidant properties and diverse effects on the immune system. The aim of the study was to analyse the protective effect of selenium as a component of a kidney preservation solution on the prevention of ischemia-reperfusion injury of nephrons. The solution was modified by the addition of Se (1 µg/L), prolactin (0.1 µg/L) and Se with prolactin (1 µg/L Se + 0.1 µg/L PRL). The study used a model for storing isolated porcine kidneys in Biolasol® (modified Biolasol®), which minimizes ischemia-reperfusion injury of grafts. The introduction of Se4+ ions at a dose of 1 µg/L into the Biolasol® preservation solution in the form of Na2SeO3 caused an increase in the activity/concentration of the analysed biochemical parameters: aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, urea and protein. This suggests an adverse effect of Se4+ on nephron function during ischemia-reperfusion. The best graft protection was obtained by using Biolasol® modified with the addition of selenium (IV) at a dose of 1 µg/L and prolactin at a concentration of 0.1 µg/L. We proposed the mechanism of prolactin action in the metabolic reduction of selenite (SO32−) during ischemia/reperfusion.

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