Sonodynamic Effects of a Novel Ether-Group Modified Porphyrin Derivative Combined With Pulsed Low-Intensity Ultrasound on PC-9 Cells

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a developing modality for cancer treatment based on the synergistic effect of ultrasound and chemical compounds which are known as sonosensitizers. The development of more efficient sonosensitizers has become an urgent issue in this field. In this study, a novel porphyrin derivative (BBTPP) mediated SDT was evaluated on PC-9 cells. Pulsed low-intensity ultrasound (PLIU) was used for its little thermal and mechanical damage. The accumulation of drugs in cells was evaluated through porphyrin fluorescence, and the cytotoxicity of BBTPP was evaluated using a cell counting kit-8 assay. The sonodynamic effect was investigated by Hoechst 33342/PI and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining, which showed an apoptotic rate of 18.87% in the BBTPP-SDT group, as compared with 1.71%, 1.4%, 1.57%, 3.61%, 11.18% in the control, BBTPP, hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME), ultrasound, and HMME-SDT groups, respectively. The sono-toxic effect of BBTPP was significantly superior to HMME. Our results showed that BBTPP-SDT resulted in much higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation levels which were evaluated by 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) and Liperfluo assay, respectively. The expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, caspase-9, caspase-8, and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were evaluated to investigate the apoptotic mechanism of BBTPP-SDT. The results of this study showed that the combination of BBTPP and PLIU induced the generation of ROS, resulting in lipid peroxidation, and activated both the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways of PC-9 cells. Our results also suggested that the ether group introduced in the side chain of porphyrin could enhance the sono-toxicity of porphyrin-based sensitizers under the sonication of PLIU. These results supported the possibility of BBTPP as a promising sonosensitizer, and an appropriate side chain could enhance the sono-sensitivity of porphyrins.

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The penetration effect of HMME-mediated low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound against the Staphylococcus aureus bacterial biofilm

European Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.1186/s40001-020-00452-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tao Wang ◽

Wei Ma ◽

Zhinan Jiang ◽

Liangjia Bi

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Monomethyl Ether ◽

Bacterial Biofilm ◽

Simultaneous Action ◽

Penetration Effect ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Different Types ◽

Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽

Ultrasound Parameters

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME)-mediated low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound on mature and stable Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) biofilms under different ultrasound parameters. Methods The biofilm was formed after 48-h culture with stable concentration of bacterial solution. Different types of ultrasound and time were applied to the biofilm, and the ultrasonic type and time of our experiments were determined when the biofilm was not damaged. The penetration effects of low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound were decided by the amount of HMME that penetrated into the biofilm which was determined by fluorescence spectrometry. Results The destruction of biofilms by pulse waveform was the strongest. Sinusoidal low-frequency and low-intensity ultrasound can enhance the biofilm permeability. For a period of time after the ultrasound was applied, the biofilm permeability increased, however, changes faded away over time. Conclusions Low-frequency and low-intensity sinusoidal ultrasound significantly increased the permeability of the biofilms, which was positively correlated with the time and the intensity of ultrasound. Simultaneous action of ultrasound and HMME was the most effective way to increase the permeability of the biofilms.

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Low-Intensity Ultrasound Combined with Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether in the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/7156716 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Deshu Zhuang ◽

Zongshan Ji ◽

Liangjia Bi ◽

Xiaochun Wang ◽

Qi Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Ultrasound Irradiation ◽

Monomethyl Ether ◽

Control Groups ◽

Hypodermic Injection ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽

Hematoporphyrin Monomethyl Ether

Objectives. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether- (HMME-) mediated sonodynamic therapy (SDT) on experimental periodontal disease in rats. Methods. Periodontal disease was induced by submerging ligatures at the first maxillary molar subgingival region in forty-eight male SD rats. After 30 days, the ligatures were removed. The rats were randomly allocated into four groups; the experimental SDT group was treated through hypodermic injection of 40 μg/mL HMME and 3 W/cm2 low-intensity ultrasound irradiation (1 MHz, 600 s). Those in control groups received 40 μg/mL HMME alone (control 1 group) or 3 W/cm2 ultrasound irradiation alone (control 2 group) or were subjected to neither HMME nor ultrasound (control 3 group). After 10 days of treatment, all rats were euthanized, the maxilla was obtained for histological examination, and the alveolar bone level was evaluated by histometric analysis. Results. The control groups showed more bone loss (P<0.05) after 10 days of treatment than the SDT group. There is no significant difference among the control groups (P>0.05). Conclusions. HMME mediated SDT was an effective therapy of experimental periodontal tissue in rats.

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Low-intensity ultrasound to induce proliferation and collagen Ι expression of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and fibroblast cells in co-culture

Measurement ◽

10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 167 ◽

pp. 108280

Author(s):

Zeinab Hormozi-Moghaddam ◽

Manijhe Mokhtari-Dizaji ◽

Mohammad-Ali Nilforoshzadeh ◽

Mohsen Bakhshandeh

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Fibroblast Cells ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Low Intensity Ultrasound

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Indole-3-carbinol inhibits the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma LoVo cells through activation of the apoptotic signaling pathway

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/09603271211021475 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096032712110214

Author(s):

JY Lee ◽

HM Lim ◽

CM Lee ◽

S-H Park ◽

MJ Nam

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Annexin V ◽

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽

Growth Inhibitory ◽

Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽

Lovo Cells

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) is a phytochemical that exhibits growth-inhibitory activity against various cancer cells. However, there are limited studies on the effects of I3C on colon cancer cells. In this study, the growth-inhibitory activity of I3C against the human colorectal carcinoma cell line (LoVo) was examined. The results of the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, colony formation, and cell counting assays revealed that I3C suppressed the proliferation of LoVo cells. Microscopy and wound-healing analyses revealed that I3C affected the morphology and inhibited the migration of LoVo cells, respectively. I3C induced apoptosis and DNA fragmentation as evidenced by the results of fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated annexin V staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay, respectively. Additionally, I3C arrested the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase and enhanced the reactive oxygen species levels. Western blotting analysis revealed that treatment with I3C resulted in the activation of apoptotic proteins, such as poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, caspase-3, caspase-7, caspase-9, Bax, Bim, and p53 in LoVo cells. These results indicate that I3C induces apoptosis in LoVo cells by upregulating p53, leading to the activation of Bax and caspases. Taken together, I3C exerts cytotoxic effects on LoVo cells by activating apoptosis.

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EXPERIMENTAL COMPARISON OF MCF7 AND MCF10A RESPONSE TO LOW INTENSITY ULTRASOUND

Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology ◽

10.1142/s021951941950057x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (06) ◽

pp. 1950057

Author(s):

MARIANTONIETTA IVONE ◽

LUCIANO LAMBERTI ◽

CARMINE PAPPALETTERE ◽

MARIANO FRANCESCO CARATOZZOLO ◽

APOLLONIA TULLO

Keyword(s):

Cell Stiffness ◽

Experimental Comparison ◽

Breast Adenocarcinoma ◽

Mcf7 Cells ◽

Low Intensity ◽

Cell Mortality ◽

The Us ◽

Fixed Power ◽

Breast Cells ◽

Low Intensity Ultrasound

The low-intensity ultrasound effects on MCF7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) and MCF10A (healthy breast cells) have been investigated at different sonication protocol to probe the effectiveness and the selectivity of the ultrasound (US) treatment and to understand the implications between cell mortality, biomechanical interactions and cell elastic modulus. Experiments performed at fixed and variable frequency demonstrated the effectiveness of some protocols in killing carcinogenic cells and the healthy cells insensitivity. Variation of elastic properties of MCF7 cells exposed to US under varying sonication conditions was examined. Sonication was carried out at fixed frequency (as it is usually done in therapy protocols), between 400[Formula: see text]kHz and 620[Formula: see text]kHz, following two protocols: (i) at fixed power output; (ii) at fixed voltage of the US generator. Evolution of cell stiffness during the US treatment was monitored via atomic force spectroscopy (AFS). It was found that cell mortality has a similar trend of variation with respect to sonication frequency regardless of the way specimens are exposed to US. Mechanical properties do not show a uniform trend with respect to frequency, but variations of Young’s modulus are more marked near the very low (400–480) kHz or very high frequencies (580–620) kHz. The observed variations may be related to mechanical interactions occurring in the cell culture, suggesting a primacy of the environment on other factors.

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