scholarly journals Perinatal Food Deprivation Modifies the Caloric Restriction Response in Adult Mice Through Sirt1

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Peña-Villalobos ◽  
Fabiola A. Otárola ◽  
Bárbara S. Casas ◽  
Pablo Sabat ◽  
Verónica Palma
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Predictive Capacity ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Food Scarcity

Variations in the availability of nutritional resources in animals can trigger reversible adjustments, which in the short term are manifested as behavioral and physiological changes. Several of these responses are mediated by Sirt1, which acts as an energy status sensor governing a global genetic program to cope with changes in nutritional status. Growing evidence suggests a key role of the response of the perinatal environment to caloric restriction in the setup of physiological responses in adulthood. The existence of adaptive predictive responses has been proposed, which suggests that early nutrition could establish metabolic capacities suitable for future food-scarce environments. We evaluated how perinatal food deprivation and maternal gestational weight gain impact the transcriptional, physiological, and behavioral responses in mice, when acclimated to caloric restriction in adulthood. Our results show a strong predictive capacity of maternal weight and gestational weight gain, in the expression of Sirt1 and its downstream targets in the brain and liver, mitochondrial enzymatic activity in skeletal muscle, and exploratory behavior in offspring. We also observed differential responses of both lactation and gestational food restriction on gene expression, thermogenesis, organ masses, and behavior, in response to adult caloric restriction. We conclude that the early nutritional state could determine the magnitude of responses to food scarcity later in adulthood, mediated by the pivotal metabolic sensor Sirt1. Our results suggest that maternal gestational weight gain could be an important life history trait and could be used to predict features that improve the invasive capacity or adjustment to seasonal food scarcity of the offspring.

scholarly journals Pre-Pregnancy Obesity, Excessive Gestational Weight Gain, and the Risk of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lewandowska ◽  
Barbara Więckowska ◽  
Stefan Sajdak
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Relationship

Excessive pre-pregnancy weight is a known risk factor of pregnancy complications. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the relationship between several categories of maternal weight and the risk of developing hypertension and diabetes in pregnancy, and the relationship of these complications with the results of the newborn. It was carried out in a common cohort of pregnant women and taking into account the influence of disturbing factors. Our analysis was conducted in a prospective cohort of 912 Polish pregnant women, recruited during 2015–2016. We evaluated the women who subsequently developed diabetes with dietary modification (GDM-1) (n = 125) and with insulin therapy (GDM-2) (n = 21), as well as the women who developed gestational hypertension (GH) (n = 113) and preeclampsia (PE) (n = 24), compared to the healthy controls. Odds ratios of the complications (and confidence intervals (95%)) were calculated in the multivariate logistic regression. In the cohort, 10.8% of the women had pre-pregnancy obesity (body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2), and 36.8% had gestational weight gain (GWG) above the range of the Institute of Medicine recommendation. After correction for excessive GWG and other confounders, pre-pregnancy obesity (vs. normal BMI) was associated with a higher odds ratio of GH (AOR = 4.94; p < 0.001), PE (AOR = 8.61; p < 0.001), GDM-1 (AOR = 2.99; p < 0.001), and GDM-2 (AOR = 11.88; p <0.001). The threshold risk of development of GDM-2 occurred at lower BMI values (26.9 kg/m2), compared to GDM-1 (29.1 kg/m2). The threshold point for GH was 24.3 kg/m2, and for PE 23.1 kg/m2. For GWG above the range (vs. GWG in the range), the adjusted odds ratios of GH, PE, GDM-1, and GDM-2 were AOR = 1.71 (p = 0.045), AOR = 1.14 (p = 0.803), AOR = 0.74 (p = 0.245), and AOR = 0.76 (p = 0.672), respectively. The effect of maternal edema on all the results was negligible. In our cohort, hypertension and diabetes were associated with incorrect birth weight and gestational age at delivery. Conclusions: This study highlights the importance and influence of excessive pre-pregnancy maternal weight on the risk of pregnancy complications such as diabetes and hypertension which can impact fetal outcomes.

scholarly journals Insufficient maternal gestational weight gain and infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriko Motoki ◽  
Yuji Inaba ◽  
Takumi Shibazaki ◽  
Yuka Misawa ◽  
Satoshi Ohira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Infant Neurodevelopment

AbstractAbnormal maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of obstetric-related complications. This investigation examined the impact of GWG on infant neurodevelopmental abnormalities at 12 months of age using the data of a nationwide Japanese cohort study. Questionnaire data were obtained from the ongoing Japan Environment and Children’s Study cohort study. Maternal GWG was subdivided as below, within, or above the reference values of the Institution of Medicine pregnancy weight guidelines. The Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3) is a parent-reported developmental screening instrument for children across five domains: communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem-solving, and personal–social. Multiple logistic regression analysis was employed to identify correlations between GWG and developmental delay defined as ASQ-3 scores of less than two standard deviations below the mean. A total of 30,694 mothers with singleton live births and partners who completed the questionnaire were analyzed. The prevalence of mothers below, within, and above the GWG guidelines was 60.4% (18,527), 32.1% (9850), and 7.5% (2317), respectively. We recorded 10,943 infants (35.7%) who were outliers in at least one ASQ-3 domain. After controlling for covariates, GWG below established guidelines was associated with a significantly higher risk of developmental delay for the communication (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09–1.34), gross motor (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24), fine motor (OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04–1.24), problem-solving (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01–1.18), and personal–social (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.07–1.24) domains.Conclusion: This large survey revealed a possible deleterious effect of insufficient maternal GWG on infant neurodevelopment.Trial registration: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) was registered in the UMIN Clinical Trials Registry on January 15, 2018 (number UMIN000030786). What is Known:• Inappropriate maternal gestational weight gain may cause obstetric complications and adverse birth outcomes.• Excess maternal weight gain may result in gestational diabetes, hypertension, eclampsia, caesarean delivery, and macrosomia, while insufficient maternal weight gain has been associated with pre-term birth and small for gestational age. What is New:• This study provides important information on a possible adverse effect of insufficient maternal gestational weight gain on offspring neurodevelopment at 12 months of age.• Our findings indicate a need to reconsider the optimal body mass index and gestational weight gain for women desiring pregnancy.

Adolescent Gestational Weight Gain and Birth Weight

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 805-809
Author(s):  
Catherine Stevens-Simon ◽  
Elizabeth R. MCAnarney ◽  
Klaus J. Roghmann
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Black Adolescents ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Prepregnancy Weight ◽  
Older Adolescents

Objective. To examine the relationship among maternal age, prepregnancy weight, gestational weight gain, and birth weight in 141 low-income black adolescents and their infants. Study sample. One hundred forty-one consecutively enrolled, low-income, black adolescents who entered prenatal care prior to their 23rd week of gestation, were free of chronic diseases, took no regular medications, had no known uterine anomalies, and gave birth to one live neonate. Results. After controlling for prepregnancy weight and other potentially confounding variables, we found a significant relationship between gestational weight gain and infant birth weight among younger adolescents (&lt;16 years old at conception), but not among older adolescents (16 through 19 years old at conception); younger adolescents contributed more of their gestational weight gain to their fetuses than did older adolescents. Among younger adolescents the rate of maternal weight gain during the entire gestation was significantly correlated with birth weight (r = .40; P &lt; .01), whereas for older adolescents only maternal weight gain during the second half of gestation was significantly correlated with birth weight (r = .25, P &lt; .05). Conclusions. The data do not support the thesis that younger adolescents compete with their fetuses for nutrients; in fact, younger study adolescents transferred more of their gestational weight gain to their fetuses than did older adolescents.

scholarly journals Maternal anthropometry: trends and inequalities in four population-based birth cohorts in Pelotas, Brazil, 1982–2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. i26-i36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo L Horta ◽  
Fernando C Barros ◽  
Natália P Lima ◽  
Maria C F Assunção ◽  
Iná S Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
Overweight Or Obesity

Abstract Background Pre-pregnancy nutritional status and weight gain during pregnancy have short- and long-term consequences for the health of women and children. This study was aimed at evaluating maternal height,- and overweight or obesity at the beginning of the pregnancy and gestational weight gain, according to socioeconomic status and maternal skin colour of mothers in Pelotas, a southern Brazilian city, in 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015. Methods In 1982, 1993, 2004 and 2015, the maternity hospitals in Pelotas were visited daily, all deliveries were identified and mothers who lived in the urban area of the city were interviewed. Maternal weight at the beginning of the pregnancy was self-reported by the mother or obtained from the antenatal card. Maternal height was collected from the maternity records or measured by the research team. Overweight or obesity was defined by a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Gestational weight gain was evaluated according to the Institute of Medicine guidelines. Results In the four cohorts, we evaluated 19 931 women. From 1982 to 2015, the prevalence of overweight or obesity at the beginning of the pregnancy increased from 22.1% to 47.0% and height increased by an average of 5.2 cm, whereas gestational weight gain did not change. Socioeconomic status was positively associated with maternal height, and the difference between the poorest and the wealthiest decreased. Overweight or obesity was lower among those mothers in the extreme categories of family income. Conclusions Over the 33-year span, mothers were taller at the beginning of the pregnancy, but the prevalence of overweight or obesity more than doubled.

scholarly journals The relationship between gestational weight gain and fetal growth: time to take stock?

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. O’Higgins ◽  
Anne Doolan ◽  
Laura Mullaney ◽  
Niamh Daly ◽  
Daniel McCartney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Growth Time ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this article is to review the current evidence on gestational weight gain (GWG). Maternal obesity has emerged as one of the great challenges in modern obstetrics as it is becoming increasingly common and is associated with increased maternal and fetal complications. There has been an upsurge of interest in GWG with an emphasis on the relationship between excessive GWG and increased fetal growth. Recent recommendations from the Institute of Medicine in the USA have revised downwards the weight gain recommendations in pregnancy for obese mothers. We believe that it is time to take stock again about the advice that pregnant women are given about GWG and their lifestyle before, during, and after pregnancy. The epidemiological links between excessive GWG and aberrant fetal growth are weak, particularly in obese women. There is little evidence that intervention studies decrease excessive GWG or improve intrauterine fetal growth. Indeed, there is a potential risk that inappropriate interventions during the course of pregnancy may lead to fetal malnutrition that may have adverse clinical consequences, both in the short- and long-term. It may be more appropriate to shift the focus of attention from monitoring maternal weight to increasing physical activity levels and improving nutritional intakes.

Association of gestational weight gain rate with infant anaemia in China: a birth cohort study

2020 ◽  
Vol 124 (12) ◽  
pp. 1285-1292
Author(s):  
Shaohua Yin ◽  
Yubo Zhou ◽  
Hongtian Li ◽  
Zhihao Cheng ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Excessive Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hb Concentration

AbstractExcessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of maternal anaemia during pregnancy, but whether it is associated with offspring anaemia has not been investigated. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association of GWG rate in the second/third trimester with infant Hb concentration and anaemia risk. The present study comprised 13 765 infants born during 2006–2009 to mothers who participated in a trial on prenatal micronutrient supplementation. The GWG was calculated by subtracting the maternal weight at enrolment from that at end-pregnancy. The GWG rate was calculated as dividing the GWG by number of weeks between the two measurements and classified into quintiles within each category of maternal BMI. Infant Hb concentrations were measured at 6 and 12 months of age, and anaemia was defined as an Hb concentration <110 g/l. Of the 13 765 infants, 949 (6·9 %) were anaemic at 6 months and 728 (5·3 %) at 12 months. The GWG rate was inversely and linearly associated with the infant Hb concentrations at both 6 and 12 months (P < 0·001 for linearity). Compared with the middle quintile of GWG rate, the highest quintile was associated with an increased risk of anaemia at 6 months (adjusted OR 1·30, 95 % CI 1·07, 1·59) and 12 months (adjusted OR 1·74, 95 % CI 1·40, 2·17). The associations were consistently mediated by maternal anaemia during pregnancy (P < 0·001). In conclusion, excessive GWG rate appears to be associated with an increased risk of infant anaemia, partly independent of maternal anaemia during pregnancy that mediates the association.

scholarly journals Paternal weight prior to conception and infant birthweight: a prospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Retnakaran ◽  
Shi Wu Wen ◽  
Hongzhuan Tan ◽  
Shujin Zhou ◽  
Chang Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Unit Increase

Abstract Background/Objective Previous studies have consistently demonstrated that maternal weight status both before and during pregnancy is associated with infant birthweight. However, a fundamental limitation across this literature remains that previous studies have not evaluated the concomitant impact of paternal weight at conception, owing to the paucity of studies in which fathers were assessed prior to pregnancy. Thus, we established a cohort of preconception couples to prospectively evaluate the associations of maternal and paternal weight prior to pregnancy with infant birthweight at delivery. Methods In this prospective observational cohort study, 1292 newly-married women and their partners in Liuyang, China, were assessed at median of 23.3 weeks before a singleton pregnancy, thereby enabling concomitant assessment of preconception maternal and paternal body mass index (BMI) in relation to infant birthweight. Results Mean birthweight was 3294 ± 450 g with 147 neonates (11.4%) born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and 94 (7.3%) small-for-gestational-age (SGA). After adjustment for maternal and paternal factors prior to conception (age, education, smoking, BMI, household income), length of gestation, total gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and infant sex, it was noted that infant birthweight increased by 42.2 g (95% CI 29.5–54.8; p < 0.0001) per unit increase in maternal pregravid BMI and 10.7 g (95% CI 0.5–20.9; p = 0.04) per unit increase in paternal pregravid BMI. Maternal pregravid BMI explained 6.2% of the variance in birthweight whereas paternal BMI explained only 0.7%. Independent predictors of LGA delivery were maternal pregravid BMI (aOR = 1.91, 95% CI 1.50–2.44), maternal age (aOR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.09–2.00), and gestational weight gain (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.40–2.30). Paternal pregravid BMI was not independently associated with LGA or SGA. Conclusion Paternal BMI prior to conception is associated with infant birthweight but only modestly so, in contrast to the dominant impact of maternal weight.

Gestational weight gain according to number of fetuses in Japanese women

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Morikawa ◽  
Takahiro Yamada ◽  
Rina Akaishi ◽  
Takashi Yamada ◽  
Ryutaro Nishida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gestational Weight Gain ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Maternal Weight Gain ◽  
Maternal Weight ◽  
Gestational Weight ◽  
Gestational Week ◽  
Weight Gain During Pregnancy ◽  
Length Of Gestation

AbstractIt is unknown whether weekly maternal weight gain differs between Japanese women with singleton, twin, and triplet pregnancies.Gestational weight gain defined as net weight gain during pregnancy was analyzed in 135,036 pregnant Japanese women, including 128,838 with singletons, 5573 with twins, and 132 with triplets, who gave birth at ≥22 weeks of gestation between 2007 and 2009. Weekly weight gain was defined as follows: gestational weight gain÷[gestational week (GW) at Delivery–2].Length of gestation (weeks, mean±SD) decreased significantly (38.2±2.6, 35.3±3.0, and 32.7±2.8) with increasing number of fetuses, while overall gestational weight gain (kg) was significantly smaller in women with singletons than in those with either twins or triplets (9.6±4.4 vs. 10.9±4.8 or 10.9±5.2, respectively). Thus, weekly maternal weight gain (kg/week) increased significantly with increasing number of fetuses (0.26±0.12, 0.33±0.13, and 0.35±0.16). Among women with delivery at or after GW 34, difference in gestational weight gain (kg) was prominent between the three groups (9.8±4.4, 11.4±4.7, and 13.0±5.1 for singleton, twin, and triplet pregnancies, respectively, P<0.001 between any two groups).Weekly maternal weight gain increases with increasing number of fetuses. Our figures may be useful for advising Japanese women with multifetal pregnancies regarding gestational weight gain.

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