Molecular Breeding Strategy and Challenges Towards Improvement of Blast Disease Resistance in Rice Crop

Abstract Background: The molecular mechanism of durable and broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast disease in japonica rice variety is still very little known. Ziyu44, a local japonica rice variety in Yunnan Province of China, has shown durable broad-spectrum blast resistance for more than 30 years, and provides an opportunity for us to explore the molecular basis of broad-spectrum resistance to rice blast in japonica rice variety.Methods and Results: We conducted a comparative study of mycelium growth, aposporium formation, the accumulation of salicylate(SA), jasmonate(JA) and H2O2, the expression of SA- and JA-associated genes between Ziyu44 and susceptible variety Jiangnanxiangnuo (JNXN) upon M. oryzae infection. We found that appressorium formation and invasive hyphae extention were greatly inhibited in Ziyu 44 leaves compared with that in JNXN leaves. Both Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants maintained high levels of baseline SA and did not show increased accumulation of SA after inoculation with M. oryzae, while the levels of baseline JA in Ziyu 44 and JNXN plants were relatively low, and the accumulation of JA exhibited markedly increased in Ziyu 44 plants upon M. oryzae infection. The expression levels of key genes involving JA and SA signaling pathway OsCOI1b, OsNPR1, OsMPK6 as well as pathogenesis-related (PR) genes OsPR1a, OsPR1b and OsPBZ1, were markedly up-regulated in Ziyu44. Conclusions: The level of endogenous JA is critical for synchronous activation of SA and JA signaling pathway, up-regulating PR gene expression and enhancing disease resistance against rice blast in Ziyu44.

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Prospects of breeding for blast disease resistance in the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Euphytica ◽

10.1007/bf00035685 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 153-156

Author(s):

G. Blaak

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

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Barley, Disease Resistance, and Molecular Breeding Approaches

Disease Resistance in Crop Plants ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-20728-1_11 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 261-299 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Baljinder Singh ◽

Sahil Mehta ◽

Sumit Kumar Aggarwal ◽

Manish Tiwari ◽

Shafiqul Islam Bhuyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Molecular Breeding

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Combining Ability Analysis of Blast Disease Resistance and Agronomic Traits in Finger Millet [Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn]

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n11p138 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 138 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lawrence Owere ◽

Pangirayi Tongoona ◽

John Derera ◽

Nelson Wanyera

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Combining Ability ◽

Finger Millet ◽

Gene Action ◽

Agronomic Traits ◽

The Other ◽

Blast Disease ◽

Additive Gene Action ◽

Gene Effects ◽

Additive Gene

Blast disease is the most important biotic constraint to finger millet production. Therefore disease resistant varieties are required. However, there is limited information on combining ability for resistance and indeed other agronomic traits of the germplasm in Uganda. This study was carried out to estimate the combining ability and gene effects controlling blast disease resistance and selected agronomic traits in finger millet. Thirty six crosses were generated from a 9 × 9 half diallel mating design. The seed from the 36 F1 crosses were advanced by selfing and the F2 families and their parents were evaluated in three replications. General combining ability (GCA) for head blast resistance and the other agronomic traits were all highly significant (p ≤ 0.01), whereas specific combining ability (SCA) was highly significant for all traits except grain yield and grain mass head-1. On partitioning the mean sum of squares, the GCA values ranged from 31.65% to 53.05% for head blast incidence and severity respectively, and 36.18% to 77.22% for the other agronomic traits measured. Additive gene effects were found to be predominant for head blast severity, days to 50% flowering, grain yield, number of productive tillers plant-1, grain mass head-1, plant height and panicle length. Non-additive gene action was predominant for number of fingers head-1, finger width and panicle width. The parents which contributed towards high yield were Seremi 2, Achaki, Otunduru, Bulo and Amumwari. Generally, highly significant additive gene action implied that progress would be made through selection whereas non-additive gene action could slow selection progress and indicated selection in the later generations.

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Parental contribution analysis in hybrids bred for vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease resistance in cocoa

Journal of Plantation Crops ◽

10.19071/jpc.2016.v44.i1.3011 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

J.S. Minimol, B. Suma, Mahiya Ummer P.A. Jayasree

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Relative Efficiency ◽

Molecular Breeding ◽

Disease Outbreak ◽

Breeding Programme ◽

Selection Differential ◽

Chemical Application ◽

Transfer Resistance ◽

Parental Contribution ◽

Mother Plants

Vascular streak die back (VSD) disease caused by Oncobasidium theobromae (now renamed as Ceratobasidium theobromae), is one of the major threats in cocoa growing countries, mainly becauseit cannot be controlled by any chemical application. In India, this disease outbreak took place during 1990 and it became an unmanageable problem of cocoa trees. Knowing the importance of resistant hybrids for controlling this disease, Kerala Agricultural University took up resistant breeding programme. It was a massive breeding programme which resulted in production of 5921 hybrid seedlings. After nursery screening of these hybrids by subjecting to heavy inoculation load for more than two years from March 1996 to June 1998, only 566 seedlings survived and they were field planted during June 1998. When relative efficiency of mother plants to transfer resistance to their progenies was estimated, it was seen that G VI 126 (Scavina 6) showed maximum recovery of 32.6 per cent after fifteen years of screening. Comparison of efficacy of male parents indicated that G VI 55 showed maximum recovery of resistant parents (168 nos.). During the entire period of investigation, 267 hybrids were found free from the disease. Out of this, only 51 recorded satisfactory yield levels. All these hybrids showed high value for selection differential (S) indicating maximum genetic gain.These hybrids can be used as mother plants for establishing polyclonal garden, as VSD disease resistance is highly heritable and polygenically controlled. The resistant hybrids identified (both high and low yield) can be utilized for further studies employing conventional and molecular breeding methods.

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