scholarly journals Fruit Phenolic Profiling: A New Selection Criterion in Olive Breeding Programs

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana G. Pérez ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Carlos Sanz ◽  
Raúl de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Olive Breeding

Seedling vigour as a preselection criterion for short juvenile period in olive breeding

2006 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. De la Rosa ◽  
A. I. Kiran ◽  
D. Barranco ◽  
L. León
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
General Context ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Early Evaluation ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Olive Breeding

The juvenile period represents a serious impediment in olive breeding programs. Seedlings with long juvenile period are of very low interest for the breeder because their evaluation considerably delays the first stages of the breeding process. For this reason, the influence of seedling vigour (measured as plant height or stem diameter) on the characteristics at the adult stage was studied to establish useful negative preselection criteria on the basis of that relationship. Olive progenies from crosses and open pollinations of 12 different parents carried out in 1998 and 1999 were evaluated in the greenhouse and, afterwards, during the first 3 years of bearing in the open field. The results obtained indicate that early evaluation and selection for juvenile period can be performed at the seedling stage in olive progenies on the basis of vigour measurements. Selection for short juvenile period was valid irrespective of parentage and, therefore, could be efficient in a general context. No relationship between juvenile period and yield or fruit traits was found so that this preselection criterion would have no adverse effects on these characters.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Acceptability of Temperate Sweet Corn Inbreds Derived from Exotic Germplasm

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reid R. Rice ◽  
William F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Corn Breeding ◽  
Dent Corn ◽  
Root Lodging ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Excellent table quality is an essential characteristic of commercial sweet corn (Zea mays) and commonly held paramount as a selection criterion. As a consequence, breeding for improved agronomic performance in sweet corn has been limited in comparison with United States dent corn breeding efforts. The narrowness of genetic diversity within modern sweet corn germplasm suggests potential exists for yield enhancement through new heterotic combinations and introgression of sources of improved agronomic performance. The objective of this study was to examine the results of incorporating nonsweet germplasm in the development of improved temperate sweet corn cultivars. Five inbreds derived from crosses between nonsweet germplasm and temperate supersweet (shrunken2, sh2) inbreds were crossed with three temperate sh2 testers to make 15 experimental hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated in four environments with three replications per environments. Experimental entry Wh04038V × Tester2 yielded 18.1 Mg·ha−1 in 2009 and 16.6 Mg·ha−1 in 2010, significantly out-yielding the top producing commercial control, ‘Overland’, in both years. An additional six entries derived from exotic-by-temperate crosses yielded significantly more than all commercial checks in 2009. Four specific experimental entries consistently exhibited superior resistance to root lodging, northern corn leaf blight (Exserohilum turcicum), and Maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) compared with ‘Marvel’ and ‘Supersweet Jubilee Plus’. Ten of the 15 experimental entries exhibited similar quality for flavor relative to ‘Marvel’ and ‘Overland’, however ‘Supersweet Jubilee Plus’ outperformed all entries for both flavor and tenderness, suggesting that while incorporation of nonsweet germplasm in sweet corn breeding programs may provide valuable contributions for yield and agronomic performance, flavor and tenderness must be carefully regarded.

scholarly journals Verticillium wilt evaluation of olive breeding selections under semi-controlled conditions

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Serrano ◽  
María Dolores Rodríguez Jurado ◽  
Belén Román ◽  
José Bejarano-Alcázar ◽  
Raúl de la Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Wilt ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Intensity Index ◽  
Olive Breeding ◽  
Breeding Selections

Genetic resistance is the most recommended measure to control verticillium wilt in olive (VWO), a vascular disease caused by the soil-borne fungus Verticillium dahliae, which has promoted in recent years the development of olive breeding programs aiming at obtaining new resistant and highly yielding cultivars. Screening has been commonly performed under controlled condition in grow chamber after artificial inoculation at the early stage of breeding programs, but additional evaluation is necessary to confirm previous results as well as testing for additional agronomic traits. In this work, 20 breeding selections initially classified as resistant to the disease have been re-evaluated in artificially infested soils under natural environmental conditions. The maximum disease incidence (52.6%) was reached at 26 months after planting and the disease intensity index reached the maximum value of 38.5% at 29 months after plant. Nine breeding selections consistently confirm previous results of resistance to V. dahliae infection but contradictory results, compared to previous evaluation under controlled condition in grow chamber, were obtained for the rest of selections tested, which underlines the need of long-term experimentation under natural environmental conditions. Additional positive agronomic traits such as early bearing was also observed for some of the resistant selections, while variability for plant vigor was found. Some of them seems highly promising for releasing as new cultivars once characterization for other important agronomic traits is completed in future works.

scholarly journals Optimizing Early Flowering and Pre-selection for Short Juvenile Period in Olive Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Moreno-Alías ◽  
Hava F. Rapoport ◽  
Rafael López ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Raúl de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Selection For

In recent years, the juvenile period of olive seedlings has been reduced by diverse forcing and pruning-formation techniques, but it is still a major drawback for breeding. Plant height at the time when seedlings are transplanted to the field has been found effective for obtaining earlier flowering, but the value of this parameter varies widely among olive breeding programs. We evaluated different transplant dates, taking into account mean plant height and age, with the aim of determining the optimum parameters for achieving early flowering and easy plant management and, at the same time, for the early elimination of genotypes with a long juvenile period. A mean seedling height of ≈100 cm at the time of planting in the field provided the best results in terms of shortening the juvenile period and facilitating handling of the seedlings. For all dates tested, seedling height at transplanting was effective as a pre-selection criterion for the early elimination of genotypes with long juvenile periods, with slight improvement in effectiveness with advancing transplant date.

Use of reflectance measurements to estimate early cereal biomass production on sandplain soils

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Elliott ◽  
KL Regan
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Poor Correlation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

High early biomass production has been suggested as a useful selection criterion for improving cereal yields in mediterranean environments. Current methods for measuring biomass production in cereal plots involves destructive sampling which is not suitable for routine use by plant breeders where large numbers of samples are to be screened. The measurement of spectral reflectance using ground-based remote sensing techniques has the potential to provide a nondestructive estimate of plant biomass production. This field study investigated the relationship between spectral reflectance and early biomass production in barley and wheat and assessed the feasibility of using spectral reflectance techniques in cereal-breeding programs. Spectral reflectance measurements (0.40-2.5 �m wavelengths) were made before stem elongation for barley and wheat grown in separate experiments at Wongan Hills, Western Australia. Cereal biomass was closely associated with spectral reflectance in the visible (0.44-0.66 �m) and mid infrared (1.50-1.80 �m and 2.00-2.40 �m) regions, but not in the near infrared (0.71-1.10 �m). The poor correlation between reflectance in the near infrared region and biomass production was due to the low amounts of biomass present and the high reflectivity of the sandplain soils at these wavelengths. The close associations in the visible and mid infrared regions provides promise for use in estimation of cereal biomass, but further research is required to refine the technique for use in large scale breeding programs.

Inclusion of skin follicle traits in selection indices in breeding programs improves genetic gain in Australian fine-wool Merinos

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Asadi Fozi ◽  
J. H. J. Van der Werf ◽  
A. A. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Objectives ◽  
Staple Strength ◽  
Fleece Weight

Genetic parameters for skin follicle traits, wool traits, body weight, and number of lambs weaned per ewe joined were estimated for 5108 10-month-old Australian fine-wool Merinos born between 1990 and 1996. These animals were descended from 261 sires and 2508 dams. The skin follicle number index that is based on skin surface area, and primary, secondary, or total follicle density were introduced as possible early-age selection criteria estimated at 6 months of age. Heritability estimates for total, secondary, and primary follicle number index were 0.45 ± 0.04, 0.46 ± 0.04, and 0.38 ± 0.04, respectively. The genetic correlations of total follicle number index with clean fleece weight, mean fibre diameter, staple strength, coefficient of variation of fibre diameter, body weight, and number of lambs weaned were 0.16, –0.67, 0.00, 0.03, 0.22, and 0.22, respectively. Responses to selection on indices including and excluding follicle traits were calculated based on the genetic parameters estimated, and with annual responses calculated using an optimised age structure. On average, 10% greater response was predicted when total follicle number index was used as an additional selection criterion in different micron premium scenarios. In comparison, skin follicle density had a smaller effect on genetic improvement. The extra response was ~1%. Similar index responses were obtained when total follicle number index was used as a replacement selection criterion for clean fleece weight, mean fibre diameter, and coefficient of variation of fibre diameter for breeding objectives with low emphasis on fibre diameter. In objectives with high emphasis on fibre diameter, unfavourable correlated responses in staple strength and CV of fibre diameter limited the effectiveness of using total follicle number index as a selection criterion. Although the use of total follicle number index as an additional selection criterion can be favourable for some breeding objectives, measuring this trait is currently cost prohibitive to inclusion in Merino breeding programs.

Early stage selection for commercial cane sugar (CCS) in sugarcane clones: effects of time of sampling and irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Jackson ◽  
Terry E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Commercially recoverable sugar content in sugarcane (CCS, expressed as a percentage) is a key selection criterion in sugarcane breeding programs. In some sugarcane breeding programs there may be significant operational advantages in measuring CCS early in the crop growth cycle, well before commercial harvesting would normally commence, and in restricting growth by withholding irrigation to reduce cane yield and lodging. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate these effects. The experiments included clones representative of genotypes routinely assessed in the earliest stages of clonal selection in breeding programs. Differences among genotypes for CCS were expressed early when cane had very low CCS (in February or March), and then rates of increase in CCS following that time were similar in most genotypes. Therefore, time of sampling had little effect on ranking of genotypes for CCS, and selection for high CCS could be effective early in the year. Irrigation regime also had little effect on ranking of the clones for CCS, indicating that mild water stress could be imposed with no adverse effect on selection results. The results are discussed in relation to optimising selection procedures and systems in early stage selection trials in sugarcane breeding programs, and better understanding the physiological basis of genetic variation in CCS.

scholarly journals Cross-compatibility of the Parents as the Main Factor for Successful Olive Breeding Crosses

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Díaz ◽  
Antonio Martín ◽  
Pilar Rallo ◽  
Raúl De la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Parentage Analysis ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Polymorphic Microsatellites ◽  
Cross Compatibility ◽  
High Level ◽  
Olive Breeding ◽  
Main Factor

Previous analyses of olive (Olea europaea L.) crosses have revealed an important degree of pollen contamination. For this reason, the authors tested the paternity of a set of progenies coming from crosses among different cultivars within the olive breeding program of Córdoba, Spain, using four polymorphic microsatellites. They found that the expected pollen sired 141 (83.4%) of the 169 samples analyzed. The contamination rate was either almost total or almost null within each particular cross considered, not being comparable between different crosses. In a second experiment the authors evaluated the influence of several factors on the success of olive crosses, the type of isolation bag, the timing and number of pollinations, and the cross-compatibility of the parents in a multifactorial assay in 2003. They observed no differences in the type of pollination bag used or the number and timing of pollen additions when they analyzed 145 seeds. The main factor affecting the success of the crosses seems to be the intercompatibility among cultivars, because it had a significant influence on the rate of contamination. In the failed crosses, the authors clearly detected the contribution of more than one cultivar to the paternity. The results obtained here indicate that some knowledge of cross-compatibility relationships in olive is required to design crosses in olive breeding programs effectively. To achieve this objective, the progeny parentage analysis could be of great help because of the high level of pollen contamination found among those studied here.

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