Early stage selection for commercial cane sugar (CCS) in sugarcane clones: effects of time of sampling and irrigation

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip A. Jackson ◽  
Terry E. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Selection For

Commercially recoverable sugar content in sugarcane (CCS, expressed as a percentage) is a key selection criterion in sugarcane breeding programs. In some sugarcane breeding programs there may be significant operational advantages in measuring CCS early in the crop growth cycle, well before commercial harvesting would normally commence, and in restricting growth by withholding irrigation to reduce cane yield and lodging. Two field experiments were conducted to investigate these effects. The experiments included clones representative of genotypes routinely assessed in the earliest stages of clonal selection in breeding programs. Differences among genotypes for CCS were expressed early when cane had very low CCS (in February or March), and then rates of increase in CCS following that time were similar in most genotypes. Therefore, time of sampling had little effect on ranking of genotypes for CCS, and selection for high CCS could be effective early in the year. Irrigation regime also had little effect on ranking of the clones for CCS, indicating that mild water stress could be imposed with no adverse effect on selection results. The results are discussed in relation to optimising selection procedures and systems in early stage selection trials in sugarcane breeding programs, and better understanding the physiological basis of genetic variation in CCS.

Application of spatial analysis techniques to adjust for fertility trends and identify interplot competition in early stage sugarcane selection trials

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Stringer ◽  
B. R. Cullis
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Field Variation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Fertility Trends ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Modelling Approach

Most sugarcane breeding programs in Australia use large unreplicated trials to evaluate clones in the early stages of selection. Commercial varieties that are replicated provide a method of local control of soil fertility. Although such methods may be useful in detecting broad trends in the field, variation often occurs on a much smaller scale. Methods such as spatial analysis adjust a plot for variability by using information from immediate neighbours. These techniques are routinely used to analyse cereal data in Australia and have resulted in increased accuracy and precision in the estimates of variety effects. In this paper, spatial analyses in which the variability is decomposed into local, natural, and extraneous components are applied to early selection trials in sugarcane. Interplot competition in cane yield and trend in sugar content were substantial in many of the trials and there were often large differences in the selections between the spatial and current method used by the Bureau of Sugar Experiment Stations. A joint modelling approach for tonnes sugar per hectare in response to fertility trends and interplot competition is recommended.

Genotype × environment interactions in sugarcane. I. Patterns of response across sites and crop-years in north Queensland

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Jackson ◽  
DM Hogarth
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Pattern Analysis ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
General Response ◽  
Efficient Selection

Responses of sugarcane genotypes across environments in north Queensland for sugar yield and its components cane yield and sugar content, were examined using pattern analysis methods. The aim was to provide information which could be used in designing efficient selection methods for sugarcane breeding programs. Of particular interest was the comparison of variation in relative performance of genotypes across sites and crop-years. Results from two series of sugarcane trials in north Queensland are presented. In the first series, 65 genotypes were evaluated at four sites and across plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. In the second, 52 genotypes were evaluated across four sites and across plant and first ratoon crops. Crops and years were confounded in both series. Crop-years within sites were generally more similar for genotypic responses than environments from different sites. Within most sites the relative ranking of groups of genotypes derived from cluster analysis was similar across different crop-years. However, there were some substantial differences in ranking of the groups between some sites and selection would vary if different subsets of sites were considered. There was little variation among groups in general response to ratoon crop-years. The results indicate that testing across sites is of importance. However, the similarity in information obtained across crop-years within most sites suggests there may be limited gain in testing across multiple crops or years within a particular site.

scholarly journals Optimizing Early Flowering and Pre-selection for Short Juvenile Period in Olive Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Moreno-Alías ◽  
Hava F. Rapoport ◽  
Rafael López ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Raúl de la Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Selection For

In recent years, the juvenile period of olive seedlings has been reduced by diverse forcing and pruning-formation techniques, but it is still a major drawback for breeding. Plant height at the time when seedlings are transplanted to the field has been found effective for obtaining earlier flowering, but the value of this parameter varies widely among olive breeding programs. We evaluated different transplant dates, taking into account mean plant height and age, with the aim of determining the optimum parameters for achieving early flowering and easy plant management and, at the same time, for the early elimination of genotypes with a long juvenile period. A mean seedling height of ≈100 cm at the time of planting in the field provided the best results in terms of shortening the juvenile period and facilitating handling of the seedlings. For all dates tested, seedling height at transplanting was effective as a pre-selection criterion for the early elimination of genotypes with long juvenile periods, with slight improvement in effectiveness with advancing transplant date.

Genotype×environment interactions in sugarcane between China and Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuekuan Chen ◽  
Phillip Jackson ◽  
Wankuan Shen ◽  
Haihua Deng ◽  
Yuanhong Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Commercial Production ◽  
Trial Data ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Production Environments

Sugarcane improvement has traditionally been conducted by nationally focussed breeding programs, with some exchange of elite cultivars among some programs. It has been generally assumed by breeders that genotype × country interactions are large, and therefore selection trial data in one country may be of limited relevance to another. However, no studies quantifying clone × country interactions have been reported to our knowledge. In research reported here, a common set of mostly unselected sugarcane genotypes was evaluated in commercial production environments in Australia and China. Consistent with past studies, genotype × site interaction was an important source of variation within each country. Overall a moderate to high genetic correlation existed between production environments in China and Australia for cane yield and sugar content (0.77 for both traits). This suggests that despite difference in environmental conditions and crop management in production environments between countries, that selection trials in China have some relevance for selecting clones for Australian environments and vice versa. It also supports the hypothesis that regular exchange of selected germplasm from effective breeding programs between countries will have mutual benefits.

scholarly journals Recurrent Selection for Improved Germination under Water Stress in Russian Dandelion

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina J.M. Hodgson-Kratky ◽  
Olivier M. Stoffyn ◽  
David J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Selection For

Russian dandelion [Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS)] is a promising candidate for introducing natural rubber production into North America. Seeds normally germinate in a humid microenvironment, such as the thatch layer of a lawn or under a canopy of grass; however, 5% to 15% establishment is often observed on bare soil, presumably due to water stress. Phenotypic selection and half-sib family recurrent selection were conducted for three cycles to improve germination in vitro, under low osmotic potential (Ψs), using a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Populations were then tested for establishment on bare soil in the greenhouse and field. Germination under water stress in vitro increased from 5.8% for the cycle 0 (C0) population to 40.8% and 47.8% for the C3-phenotypic and C3-half-sib family populations, respectively. Soil establishment in the greenhouse and field was improved up to two- and 4-fold, respectively, compared with the C0, in two of four greenhouse experiments and three of eight field experiments. Overall, recurrent selection for germination under water stress in vitro has potential to improve establishment in the field and can be incorporated into current breeding programs to support the overall goal of creating cultivars with high-rubber yield.

scholarly journals Cultivar Evaluation and Essential Test Locations Identification for Sugarcane Breeding in China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Luo ◽  
Yong-Bao Pan ◽  
Liping Xu ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Zhaonian Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cane Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Discrimination Ability ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Poor Stability

The discrepancies across test sites and years, along with the interaction between cultivar and environment, make it difficult to accurately evaluate the differences of the sugarcane cultivars. Using a genotype main effect plus genotype-environment interaction (GGE) Biplot software, the yield performance data of seven sugarcane cultivars in the 8th Chinese National Sugarcane Regional Tests were analyzed to identify cultivars recommended for commercial release. Fn38 produced a high and stable sugar yield. Gn02-70 had the lowest cane yield with high stability. Yz06-407 was a high cane yield cultivar with poor stability in sugar yield. Yz05-51 and Lc03-1137 had an unstable cane yield but relatively high sugar yield. Fn39 produced stable high sugar yield with low and unstable cane production. Significantly different sugar and cane yields were observed across seasons due to strong cultivar-environment interactions. Three areas, Guangxi Chongzuo, Guangxi Baise, and Guangxi Hechi, showed better representativeness of cane yield and sugar content than the other four areas. On the other hand, the areas Guangxi Chongzuo, Yunnan Lincang, and Yunnan Baoshan showed strong discrimination ability, while the areas Guangxi Hechi and Guangxi Liuzhou showed poor discrimination ability. This study provides a reference for cultivar evaluation and essential test locations identification for sugarcane breeding in China.

scholarly journals The dynamics of berries quality indicators of technical kinds of grapes during a ripening period

2017 ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
H. V. Lyashenko ◽  
O. M. Soborova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Ripening Period ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Main Production

The article describes the main indicators of a grapes crop quality - a sugar content in the juice of grapes and a titratable acidity, which give a special taste to the main production of technical kinds of grapes - dry wines. The methods and tools of the laboratory analysis of these indicators, as well as the methodology of a field experience are described . The results of laboratory and field experiments, conducted in 2015 in the areas of an ampelography and clonal selection department of NSC of "Institute for Winegrowing and Winemaking named after V. E. Tairov" are represented. The quality of grapes crop was determined for three grades - Odessa Muscat, Sukholimansky white and Odessa black (respectively medium, later than average and late ripening). Analysis of grape quality indicators was carried out in the dynamics during ripening (from the beginning of ripening to a technical maturity) in four replications for 40 plants on three tiers of the bush - the upper, middle and lower. It was executed the calculations of glucoacidimetric indicator (GAP) value for grades Odessa Muscat, Sukholimansky white and Odessa black. The following conclusions were obtained. The greatest rate of change of grapes quality indicators of different ripening technical kinds is observed for the grape with the lowest grade ripening period – Odessa Muscat. The resulting calculations indicate sufficient indicators value to obtain good quality wine materials for making high quality wines.

scholarly journals Apomictic lines of sugar beet: development and studying

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (4) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
D. V. Sokolova
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Cercospora Leaf Spot ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Background. While working with such cross-pollinated crops as sugar beet, the greatest problem is the fixation of valuable genotypes. Using apomixis to produce breeding material helps to accelerate the breeding process and save the desired combination of genes.Materials and methods. The research objects were 110 accessions of sugar beet from the VIR collection. Field experiments and assessments of the resistance to Cercospora leaf spot, monogermity, and non-bolting were performed according to VIR’s guidelines in 2016–2018 at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR and Maikop Experiment Station of VIR. The sugar level in roots was measured using an optical refractometer.Results. A comprehensive study of sugar beet accessions resulted in the development of apomictic lines with cytoplasmic male sterility, followed by an evaluation of their economically important characters. An extremely rare occurrence of biotypes with the 0-type sterility (less than 0.5%) was observed in the population. The seeds obtained from apomixis-prone lines demonstrated a significant difference during inbreeding from the seeds of fertile inbred genotypes: no inbreeding depression was observed in apomictic lines. Lines combining sterility and monogermity in their genotype were produced. Testing parent accessions and apomictic forms did not reveal significant differences in the sugar content and root yield, so the resulting forms can be efficiently used in future breeding programs.Conclusion. Using apomixis to develop sugar beet lines helped to fixate the sugar content level, biennial plant development cycle, and Cercospora leaf spot resistance. Thus, apomixis is promising for ensuring maternal inheritance and preserving the desired combination of genes in sugar beet, thereby accelerating the breeding process. 

Genotype × environment interactions in sugarcane. II. Use of performance in plant cane as an indirect selection criterion for performance in ratoon crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Ratoon Crop ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Sugarcane Breeding ◽  
Efficiency Of Selection ◽  
Plant Crop

This study aimed to determine whether sugar yield of sugarcane genotypes in the plant crop could be used to predict relative yield in subsequent ratoon crops. Results from two series of trials, planted in 1985 and 1986, were examined. Within each series genotypes were planted at four locations and evaluated in plant, first ratoon and second ratoon crops. The genotypes used had not been selected previously in the test environments. Genetic correlations between sugar yield in plant and ratoon crop-years were moderate to high (greater than 0.65) for most locations. The relative efficiency of selection for yield in ratoon crop-years via indirect selection in the plant crop-year averaged 0.67. Realized gains from selection were compared for selection based on only plant crop results and selection based on average performance across all crop-years (the latter being the method routinely used in sugarcane breeding programs at present). In most cases the increases in realized gains in yield across independent environments brought about by considering results from more than the plant crop-year were small or non-existent. In the two series of trials, 11 and 12 of the top ranking 15 genotypes, respectively, based on mean performance across all crop-years, were also in the top 15 genotypes based on only the plant crop results. It is suggested that the testing of genotypes in only the plant crop may be appropriate in the early stages of selection in sugarcane breeding programs. Resources otherwise allocated to testing early stage material in ratoon crops may be more usefully employed elsewhere such as testing in more sites, with more replicates or more genotypes. It is emphasized, however, that this strategy may not be appropriate for highly selected populations, such as those in the final stages of selection, where genetic variance and genetic correlations between crop-years would be expected to be smaller than those obtained in this study.

scholarly journals Peduncle breaking resistance: a potential selection criterion to improve lodging tolerance in oat

2020 ◽  
Vol 100 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-719
Author(s):  
A. Nakhforoosh ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
J. Mitchell Fetch
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Plant Trait ◽  
Stem Strength ◽  
Visual Scoring ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Growing Conditions

Breeding for tolerance to lodging is an objective, but also a challenge, in oat (Avena sativa L.) breeding programs. A widely adopted method to assess breeding lines for tolerance to lodging is based on visual scoring of plant standability (1 = standing upright; 9 = completely lodged). The lack of sufficient lodging pressure due to weather or growing conditions often renders the visual scoring method ineffective. We present an alternative approach that allows selection for tolerance to stem lodging by screening for peduncle strength in the absence of lodging pressure. This approach also provides objective selection of lodging tolerance using a quantitatively measurable plant trait rather than subjective scoring of the lodged plants. Stem structural and mechanical properties of six oat cultivars with varying levels of lodging tolerance were tested at field experiments over 3 site-years under three nitrogen rates. Results suggested peduncle breaking resistance (PBR), measured below the panicle, as a potential selection criterion for stem strength and therefore lodging tolerance. Significant genetic variation among oat cultivars (p < 0.01) was observed for PBR, which was significantly correlated with the strength of all lower internodes in all environments (R2 > 0.73, p ≤ 0.05). This suggests that PBR provides a good estimation of the whole culm strength. Phenotyping of PBR can be easily integrated into breeding programs because of the ease of sampling and rapid measurement.

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