scholarly journals Amino Acid Catabolism During Nitrogen Limitation in Phaeodactylum tricornutum

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Pan ◽  
Fan Hu ◽  
Chen Yu ◽  
Chenjie Li ◽  
Teng Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Catabolic Pathways ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Tag Accumulation

Diatoms can accumulate high levels of triacylglycerols (TAGs) under nitrogen depletion and have attracted increasing attention as a potential system for biofuel production. In Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a model diatom, about 40% of lipid is synthesized from the breakdown of cellular components under nitrogen starvation. Our previous studies indicated that carbon skeletons from enhanced branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation under nitrogen deficiency contribute to TAG biosynthesis in P. tricornutum. In this review, we outlined the catabolic pathways of all 20 amino acids based on the genome, transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome data. The contribution of these amino acid catabolic pathways to TAG accumulation was also analyzed.

Branched Chain Amino Acid Enriched Solutions in the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Controlled Trial

1984 ◽  
pp. 323-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Fiaccadori ◽  
F. Ghinelli ◽  
G. Pedretti ◽  
G. Pelosi ◽  
D. Sacchini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Branched Chain Amino Acid ◽  
Branched Chain

scholarly journals Alteration of serum amino acid profiles by dietary adenine supplementation inhibits fatty liver development in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Nishi ◽  
Daisuke Yamanaka ◽  
Masato Masuda ◽  
Yuki Goda ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Liver Development ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Arginine Deficiency ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Tag Accumulation

AbstractStudies on animal models have demonstrated that feeding a low-arginine diet inhibits triacylglycerol (TAG) secretion from the liver, resulting in marked fatty liver development in rats. Here, we first showed that culturing hepatocytes in the medium mimicking the serum amino acid profile of low-arginine diet-fed rats induced TAG accumulation in the cells, indicating that the specific amino acid profile caused TAG accumulation in hepatocytes. Dietary adenine supplementation completely recovered hepatic TAG secretion and abolished hepatic TAG accumulation in rats. A comprehensive non-linear analysis revealed that inhibition of hepatic TAG accumulation by dietary adenine supplementation could be predicted using only serum amino acid concentration data. Comparison of serum amino acid concentrations indicated that histidine, methionine, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were altered by adenine supplementation. Furthermore, when the serum amino acid profiles of low-arginine diet-fed rats were altered by modifying methionine or BCAA concentrations in their diets, their hepatic TAG accumulation was abolished. Altogether, these results suggest that an increase in methionine and BCAA levels in the serum in response to dietary arginine deficiency is a key causative factor for hepatic TAG accumulation, and dietary adenine supplementation could disrupt this phenomenon by altering serum amino acid profiles.

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