scholarly journals Induced Local and Systemic Defense Responses in Tomato Underlying Interactions Between the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita and the Potato Aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Crispus M. Mbaluto ◽  
Esraa M. Ahmad ◽  
Anne Mädicke ◽  
Katharina Grosser ◽  
Nicole M. van Dam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Infection Cycle ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding

Plants mediate interactions between different herbivores that attack simultaneously or sequentially aboveground (AG) and belowground (BG) organs. The local and systemic activation of hormonal signaling pathways and the concomitant accumulation of defense metabolites underlie such AG-BG interactions. The main plant-mediated mechanisms regulating these reciprocal interactions via local and systemic induced responses remain poorly understood. We investigated the impact of root infection by the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita at different stages of its infection cycle, on tomato leaf defense responses triggered by the potato aphid Macrosiphum euphorbiae. In addition, we analyzed the reverse impact of aphid leaf feeding on the root responses triggered by the RKN. We focused specifically on the signaling pathways regulated by the phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as well as steroidal glycoalkaloids as induced defense compounds. We found that aphid feeding did not induce AG hormonal signaling, but it repressed steroidal glycoalkaloids related responses in leaves, specifically when feeding on plants in the vegetative stage. Root infection by the RKN impeded the aphid-triggered repression of the steroidal glycoalkaloids-related response AG. In roots, the RKN triggered the SA pathway during the entire infection cycle and the ABA pathway specifically during its reproduction stage. RKN infection also elicited the steroidal glycoalkaloids related gene expression, specifically when it was in the galling stage. Aphid feeding did not systemically alter the RKN-induced defense responses in roots. Our results point to an asymmetrical interaction between M. incognita and Ma. euphorbiae when co-occurring in tomato plants. Moreover, the RKN seems to determine the root defense response regardless of a later occurring attack by the potato aphid AG.

scholarly journals Aphid-Induced Defense Responses in Mi-1-Mediated Compatible and Incompatible Tomato Interactions

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 699-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Martinez de Ilarduya ◽  
QiGuang Xie ◽  
Isgouhi Kaloshian
Keyword(s):  
Proteinase Inhibitors ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Ethylene Plant ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Transcript Profiles ◽  
Incompatible Interactions

The tomato Mi-1 gene confers resistance to three species of root-knot nematode and potato aphid. We studied changes in expression of jasmonic acid (JA)- and salicylic acid (SA)- dependent defense genes in response to potato and green peach aphids. We determined changes in three PR proteins, lipoxygenase and proteinase inhibitors I and II transcripts, locally and systemically in both compatible and incompatible interactions in tomato. Transcripts for PR-1 were detected earlier and accumulated to higher levels in the incompatible than in the compatible potato aphid/tomato interactions. The transcript profiles of the other genes were similar in compatible compared with incompatible interactions. Pin1 and Pin2 RNAs were detected early and transiently in both compatible and incompatible interactions. In tomato plants containing Mi-1, systemic expression of PR-1 and GluB was detected in both compatible and incompatible interactions at 48 h after infestations with either aphid. These results suggest that aphid feeding involves both SA and JA/ethylene plant defense signaling pathways and that Mi-1-mediated resistance might involve a SA-dependent signaling pathway. Potato aphid feeding generated reactive oxygen species in both compatible and incompatible interactions. However, a hypersensitive response was absent in the Mi-1-mediated resistance response to potato aphids. Reciprocal grafting experiments revealed that resistance is cell autonomous, and local expression of Mi-1 is required for Mi-1-mediated resistance against the potato aphid.

scholarly journals Heterologous Expression of the Mi-1.2 Gene from Tomato Confers Resistance Against Nematodes but Not Aphids in Eggplant

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona L. Goggin ◽  
Lingling Jia ◽  
Gowri Shah ◽  
Stephanie Hebert ◽  
Valerie M. Williamson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Leucine Rich Repeat ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Tomato Line ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Susceptible Tomato

The Mi-1.2 gene in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a member of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) class of plant resistance genes, and confers resistance against root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), and the sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci). Mi-1.2 mediates a rapid local defensive response at the site of infection, although the signaling and defensive pathways required for resistance are largely unknown. In this study, eggplant (S. melongena) was transformed with Mi-1.2 to determine whether this gene can function in a genetic background other than tomato. Eggplants that carried Mi-1.2 displayed resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica but were fully susceptible to the potato aphid, whereas a susceptible tomato line transformed with the same transgene was resistant to nematodes and aphids. This study shows that Mi-1.2 can confer nematode resistance in another Solanaceous species. It also indicates that the requirements for Mi-mediated aphid and nematode resistance differ. Potentially, aphid resistance requires additional genes that are not conserved between tomato and eggplant.

ETR1-, JAR1- and PAD2-dependent signaling pathways are involved in C6-aldehyde-induced defense responses of Arabidopsis

Plant Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyutaro Kishimoto ◽  
Kenji Matsui ◽  
Rika Ozawa ◽  
Junji Takabayashi
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Induced Defense Responses

scholarly journals Control of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants with highly diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis and their effects on plant growth and defense metabolism

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 2187
Author(s):  
Thaísa Muriel Mioranza ◽  
José Renato Stangarlin ◽  
Mônica Anghinoni Müller ◽  
Sidiane Coltro-Roncato ◽  
Cristiane Claudia Meinerz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vitro Experiment ◽  
In Vivo Assay

This work aimed to control the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato Solanum lycopersicum L plants with high-diluted solutions of Thuya occidentalis, and to study its effects on growth and plant defense responses. The in vivo experiment was carried out over two years (2013 and 2014) at a climatized greenhouse, whilst the in vitro experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Eight treatments were used (6, 12, 24, 50, 100, 200 and 400CH (Hahnemannian centesimal) of T. occidentalis, with water as control treatment). For the in vivo assay, in 2013 plants were inoculated with about 4850 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2), while in 2014 they were inoculated with 5050 eggs and J2. The treatments were applied once a week, as 0.1% aqueous solutions onto the plant shoots, for 50 and 40 days respectively. For the in vitro experiment, the nematodes were directly exposed to the same 0.1% treatments. The treatments did not show nematostatic or nematicide effects in the in vitro assay, and had no influence on the hatching of the eggs. For the in vivo assay in 2013, T. occidentalis 100CH decreased the number of J2 present in the roots, whilst the dynamization of 200CH stimulated root development and increased the weight of the fruits of the first cluster. In 2014, 100CH decreased numbers of J2 in the soil. Some dynamization increased the plant’s defense enzyme activity, such as peroxidase (24, 50, 200 and 400CH), polyphenoloxidase (200CH), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (24 and 50CH). In this study, T. occidentalis 100CH showed potential for the control of M. incognita, whilst 24 and 200CH influenced the growth of plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptomics of induced defense responses to greenbug aphid feeding in near isogenic wheat lines

Plant Science ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 26-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srirama Krishna Reddy ◽  
Yiqun Weng ◽  
Jackie C. Rudd ◽  
Alina Akhunova ◽  
Shuyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Induced Defense ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Induced Defense Responses ◽  
Wheat Lines

scholarly journals Coi1-Dependent Signaling Pathway Is Not Required for Mi-1—Mediated Potato Aphid Resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor K. Bhattarai ◽  
Qi-Guang Xie ◽  
Daniel Pourshalimi ◽  
Ted Younglove ◽  
Isgouhi Kaloshian
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Aphid Resistance ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aphid Feeding ◽  
Potato Aphids ◽  
F Box Protein ◽  
Ja Signaling

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has a unique resistance gene, Mi-1, that confers resistance to animals from distinct taxa, nematodes, and piercing and sucking insects. Mi-1 encodes a protein with a nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeat motifs. Early in the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae)—tomato interactions, aphid feeding induces the expression of the jasmonic acid (JA)-regulated proteinase inhibitor genes, Pin1 and Pin2. The jai1-1 (jasmonic acid insensitive 1) tomato mutant, which is impaired in JA perception, was used to gain additional insight into the JA signaling pathway and its role in the Mi-1—mediated aphid resistance. The jai1-1 mutant has a deletion in the Coi1 gene that encodes a putative F-box protein. In this study, aphid colonization, survival, and fecundity were compared on wild-type tomato and jai1-1 mutant. In choice assays, the jai1-1 mutant showed higher colonization by potato aphids compared with wild-type tomato. In contrast, no-choice assays showed no difference in potato aphid survival or fecundity between jai1-1 and the wild-type parent. Plants homozygous for Mi-1 and for the jai1 mutation were not compromised in resistance to potato aphids, using either choice or no-choice assays. In addition, the accumulation of JA-regulated Pin1 transcripts after aphid feeding was Coi1 dependent. Taken together, these data indicate that, although potato aphids activate Coi1-dependent defense response in tomato, this response is not required for Mi-1—mediated resistance to aphids.

scholarly journals SlWRKY45 Interacts with Jasmonate-ZIM Domain Proteins to Negatively Regulate Defense Against Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne incognita in Tomato

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Huang ◽  
Wenchao Zhao ◽  
Hui Qiao ◽  
Chonghua Li ◽  
Xuechun Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Wrky Transcription Factor ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Allene Oxide ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Gall Index

Root knot nematode (RKN), a kind of plant parasitic nematodes, leads to large reduction of crop yield, and seriously damages the agricultural production. The phytohormone jasmonates (JAs) act as important signals to regulate resistance against multiple abiotic and biotic stresses. However, little is known about the mechanism of JA-mediated defense responses against RKN in tomato. In this study, we found that the WRKY transcription factor SlWRKY45 interacts with most of the Jasmonate-ZIM domain proteins (JAZs) in yeast and plant. Overexpression of SlWRKY45 decreased plant resistance to RKN Meloidogyne incognita with increased gall index. We further generated slwrky45 mutants using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, and discovered that the gall index and the number of nematodes and females in slwrky45 mutants are significantly reduced compared with wild type, as inoculated with RKN Meloidogyne incognita. Moreover, the contents of jasmonic acid and JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) were highly increased in slwrky45 mutants with RKN Meloidogyne incognita infection compared with wild type. Furthermore, EMSA, and Dual-LUC assays demonstrated that SlWRKY45 directly binds and represses jasmonate biosynthesis gene ALLENE OXIDE CYCLASE ( AOC). Overall, our findings reveled that JAZ-interaction protein SlWRKY45 negatively controls plant defense against RKN Meloidogyne incognita by the regulation of JA biosynthesis in tomato.

scholarly journals Transcriptomic and Histological Analysis of the Response of Susceptible and Resistant Cucumber to Meloidogyne incognita Infection Revealing Complex Resistance via Multiple Signaling Pathways

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xvzhen Li ◽  
Yinhui Sun ◽  
Yuting Yang ◽  
Xiaopei Yang ◽  
Wanyu Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Root Knot Nematode

The root-knot nematode (RKN), Meloidogyne incognita, is a devastating pathogen for cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) specially in production under protected environments or continuous cropping. High level RKN resistance has been identified in African horned melon Cucumis metuliferus (CM). However, the resistance mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the comparative analysis on phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in the susceptible cucumber inbred line Q24 and the resistant CM, after M. incognita infection, was performed. The results showed that, in comparison with Q24, the CM was able to significantly reduce penetration numbers of second stage juveniles (J2), slow its development in the roots resulting in fewer galls and smaller giant cells suggesting the presence of host resistance in CM. Comparative transcriptomes analysis of Q24 and CM before and after M. incognita infection was conducted and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with host resistance were identified in CM. Enrichment analyses revealed most enriched DEGs in Ca2+ signaling, salicylic acid (SA)/jamonate signaling (JA), as well as auxin (IAA) signaling pathways. In particular, in CM, DEGs in the Ca2+ signaling pathway such as those for the calmodulin and calcium-binding proteins were upregulated at the early stage of M. incognita infection; genes for SA/JA synthesis/signal transduction were markedly activated, whereas the IAA signaling pathway genes were inhibited upon infection suggesting the importance of SA/JA signaling pathways in mediating M. incognita resistance in CM. A model was established to explain the different molecular mechanisms on M. incognita susceptibility in cucumber and resistance to M. incognita infection in CM.

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