scholarly journals Impaired Cuticle Functionality and Robust Resistance to Botrytis cinerea in Arabidopsis thaliana Plants With Altered Homogalacturonan Integrity Are Dependent on the Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Lorrai ◽  
Fedra Francocci ◽  
Kay Gully ◽  
Helle J. Martens ◽  
Giulia De Lorenzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Ros Accumulation ◽  
Receptor Like Kinase ◽  
Cuticle Ultrastructure ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidase

Pectin is a major cell wall component that plays important roles in plant development and response to environmental stresses. Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing a fungal polygalacturonase (PG plants) that degrades homogalacturonan (HG), a major pectin component, as well as loss-of-function mutants for QUASIMODO2 (QUA2), encoding a putative pectin methyltransferase important for HG biosynthesis, show accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), reduced growth and almost complete resistance to the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea. Both PG and qua2 plants show increased expression of the class III peroxidase AtPRX71 that contributes to their elevated ROS levels and reduced growth. In this work, we show that leaves of PG and qua2 plants display greatly increased cuticle permeability. Both increased cuticle permeability and resistance to B. cinerea in qua2 are suppressed by loss of AtPRX71. Increased cuticle permeability in qua2, rather than on defects in cuticle ultrastructure or cutin composition, appears to be dependent on reduced epidermal cell adhesion, which is exacerbated by AtPRX71, and is suppressed by the esmeralda1 mutation, which also reverts the adhesion defect and the resistant phenotype. Increased cuticle permeability, accumulation of ROS, and resistance to B. cinerea are also observed in mutants lacking a functional FERONIA, a receptor-like kinase thought to monitor pectin integrity. In contrast, mutants with defects in other structural components of primary cell wall do not have a defective cuticle and are normally susceptible to the fungus. Our results suggest that disrupted cuticle integrity, mediated by peroxidase-dependent ROS accumulation, plays a major role in the robust resistance to B. cinerea of plants with altered HG integrity.

scholarly journals The Arabidopsis thaliana Class III Peroxidase AtPRX71 Negatively Regulates Growth under Physiological Conditions and in Response to Cell Wall Damage.

2015 ◽  
pp. pp.01464.2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Raggi ◽  
Alberto Ferrarini ◽  
Massimo Delledonne ◽  
Christophe Dunand ◽  
Philippe Ranocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Cell Wall Damage ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidase

Oryza sativa class III peroxidase (OsPRX38) overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana reduces arsenic accumulation due to apoplastic lignification

2019 ◽  
Vol 362 ◽  
pp. 383-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kidwai ◽  
Yogeshwar Vikram Dhar ◽  
Neelam Gautam ◽  
Madhu Tiwari ◽  
Iffat Zareen Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Arsenic Accumulation ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidase

scholarly journals Structure and Biomechanics during Xylem Vessel Transdifferentiation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1715
Author(s):  
Eleftheria Roumeli ◽  
Leah Ginsberg ◽  
Robin McDonald ◽  
Giada Spigolon ◽  
Rodinde Hendrickx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Xylem Vessel ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Vessel Elements

Individual plant cells are the building blocks for all plantae and artificially constructed plant biomaterials, like biocomposites. Secondary cell walls (SCWs) are a key component for mediating mechanical strength and stiffness in both living vascular plants and biocomposite materials. In this paper, we study the structure and biomechanics of cultured plant cells during the cellular developmental stages associated with SCW formation. We use a model culture system that induces transdifferentiation of Arabidopsis thaliana cells to xylem vessel elements, upon treatment with dexamethasone (DEX). We group the transdifferentiation process into three distinct stages, based on morphological observations of the cell walls. The first stage includes cells with only a primary cell wall (PCW), the second covers cells that have formed a SCW, and the third stage includes cells with a ruptured tonoplast and partially or fully degraded PCW. We adopt a multi-scale approach to study the mechanical properties of cells in these three stages. We perform large-scale indentations with a micro-compression system in three different osmotic conditions. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoscale indentations in water allow us to isolate the cell wall response. We propose a spring-based model to deconvolve the competing stiffness contributions from turgor pressure, PCW, SCW and cytoplasm in the stiffness of differentiating cells. Prior to triggering differentiation, cells in hypotonic pressure conditions are significantly stiffer than cells in isotonic or hypertonic conditions, highlighting the dominant role of turgor pressure. Plasmolyzed cells with a SCW reach similar levels of stiffness as cells with maximum turgor pressure. The stiffness of the PCW in all of these conditions is lower than the stiffness of the fully-formed SCW. Our results provide the first experimental characterization of the mechanics of SCW formation at single cell level.

scholarly journals Abscisic acid regulates secondary cell-wall formation and lignin deposition in Arabidopsis thaliana through phosphorylation of NST1

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. e2010911118
Author(s):  
Chang Liu ◽  
Hasi Yu ◽  
Xiaolan Rao ◽  
Laigeng Li ◽  
Richard A. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Wall Thickening ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Tolerance Strategy ◽  
Pathway Gene

Plant secondary cell-wall (SCW) deposition and lignification are affected by both seasonal factors and abiotic stress, and these responses may involve the hormone abscisic acid (ABA). However, the mechanisms involved are not clear. Here we show that mutations that limit ABA synthesis or signaling reduce the extent of SCW thickness and lignification in Arabidopsis thaliana through the core ABA-signaling pathway involving SnRK2 kinases. SnRK2.2. 3 and 6 physically interact with the SCW regulator NAC SECONDARY WALL THICKENING PROMOTING FACTOR 1 (NST1), a NAC family transcription factor that orchestrates the transcriptional activation of a suite of downstream SCW biosynthesis genes, some of which are involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose and lignin. This interaction leads to phosphorylation of NST1 at Ser316, a residue that is highly conserved among NST1 proteins from dicots, but not monocots, and is required for transcriptional activation of downstream SCW-related gene promoters. Loss of function of NST1 in the snd1 mutant background results in lack of SCWs in the interfascicular fiber region of the stem, and the Ser316Ala mutant of NST1 fails to complement this phenotype and ABA-induced lignin pathway gene expression. The discovery of NST1 as a key substrate for phosphorylation by SnRK2 suggests that the ABA-mediated core-signaling cascade provided land plants with a hormone-modulated, competitive desiccation-tolerance strategy allowing them to differentiate water-conducting and supporting tissues built of cells with thicker cell walls.

scholarly journals Ethylene Signaling Causing Tolerance of Arabidopsis thaliana Roots to Low pH Stress is Linked to Class III Peroxidase Activity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathas Pereira Graças ◽  
Joni Esrom Lima ◽  
Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres ◽  
Elisabeth Jamet ◽  
Christophe Dunand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Ethylene Signaling ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Ph Stress ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidase

scholarly journals Organization of cellulose synthase complexes involved in primary cell wall synthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

2007 ◽  
Vol 104 (39) ◽  
pp. 15572-15577 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Desprez ◽  
M. Juraniec ◽  
E. F. Crowell ◽  
H. Jouy ◽  
Z. Pochylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis

scholarly journals Disrupting Two Arabidopsis thaliana Xylosyltransferase Genes Results in Plants Deficient in Xyloglucan, a Major Primary Cell Wall Component

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1519-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Cavalier ◽  
Olivier Lerouxel ◽  
Lutz Neumetzler ◽  
Kazuchika Yamauchi ◽  
Antje Reinecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Primary Cell ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Wall Component

scholarly journals PUCHI Regulates Giant Cell Morphology During Root-Knot Nematode Infection in Arabidopsis thaliana

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reira Suzuki ◽  
Mizuki Yamada ◽  
Takumi Higaki ◽  
Mitsuhiro Aida ◽  
Minoru Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
In The Wild

Parasitic root-knot nematodes transform the host’s vascular cells into permanent feeding giant cells (GCs) to withdraw nutrients from the host plants. GCs are multinucleated metabolically active cells with distinctive cell wall structures; however, the genetic regulation of GC formation is largely unknown. In this study, the functions of the Arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor PUCHI during GC development were investigated. PUCHI expression was shown to be induced in early developing galls, suggesting the importance of the PUCHI gene in gall formation. Despite the puchi mutant not differing significantly from the wild type in nematode invasion and reproduction rates, puchi GC cell walls appeared to be thicker and lobate when compared to the wild type, while the cell membrane sometimes formed invaginations. In three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of puchi GCs, they appeared to be more irregularly shaped than those in the wild type, with noticeable cell-surface protrusions and folds. Interestingly, the loss-of-function mutant of 3-KETOACYL-COA SYNTHASE 1 showed GC morphology and cell wall defects similar to those of the puchi mutant, suggesting that PUCHI may regulate GC development via very long chain fatty acid synthesis.

scholarly journals The cell-wall-localised BETA-XYLOSIDASE 4 contributes to immunity of Arabidopsis against Botrytis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanas Guzha ◽  
Robert McGee ◽  
Denise Hartken ◽  
Patricia Scholz ◽  
Daniel Lüdke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Mechanical Wounding ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTPlant cell walls constitute physical barriers that restrict access of microbial pathogens to the contents of plant cells. The primary cell wall of multicellular plants predominantly consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin. In Arabidopsis, a cell wall-localised protein, BETA-XYLOSIDASE 4 (BXL4) that belongs to a seven-member BETA-XYLOSIDASE (BXL) gene family was induced upon infection with the necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and mechanical wounding in a jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile) dependent manner. Ectopic expression of the BXL4 gene in Arabidopsis seed coat epidermal cells was able to rescue a bxl1 mutant phenotype suggesting that like BXL1, BXL4, had both xylosidase and arabinosidase activity and acts in mura on cell wall polysaccharides. bxl4 mutants show a compromised resistance to B. cinerea. Upon infection, bxl4 mutants accumulated reduced levels of JA-Ile and camalexin. Conditional overexpression of BXL4 resulted in enhanced expression of PDF1.2 and PAD3 transcripts both before and after B. cinerea infection. This was associated with reduced susceptibility of the transgenic lines to B. cinerea. These data suggest that remodelling or degradation of one or more cell wall polysaccharides is important for plant immunity against B. cinerea and plays a role in pathogen-induced JA-Ile and camalexin accumulation.One-sentence summaryBXL4 is a putative bifunctional xylosidase/arabinofuranisodase localising to the apoplast, important for immunity against the necrotrphic pathogen B. cinerea.

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