scholarly journals Flora of Ferruginous Outcrops Under Climate Change: A Study in the Cangas of Carajás (Eastern Amazon)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tereza Cristina Giannini ◽  
André Luis Acosta ◽  
Wilian França Costa ◽  
Leonardo Miranda ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Distribution Modeling ◽  
National Forest ◽  
Pollination Syndromes ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
The Impact

Climate change has impacted biodiversity, affecting species and altering their geographical distribution. Besides understanding the impact in the species, it has been advocated that answering if different traits will be differently impacted could allow refined predictions of how climate change will jeopardize biodiversity. Our aim was to evaluate if climate change will potentially impact plant species differently, considering their traits. We evaluated 608 plant species that occur in the naturally open areas of ferruginous outcrops (namely, cangas) in the National Forest of Carajás (Eastern Amazon). Firstly, we estimated the effects of climate change on each species using species distribution modeling, and analyzed this impact in the set containing all species. Secondly, we classified plant species considering the following traits: (i) pollination syndromes (melittophily, phalaenophily, psychophily, cantharophily, entomophily, ornithophily, chiropterophily, anemophily); (ii) habit (tree, shrub, herb, liana, parasite); and (iii) the main habitat of occurrence (open areas and forests). Thirdly, we investigated if the effects of climate change could be significantly more intense considering all the different traits quoted. Our results showed that most plant species will potentially face reduction of suitable habitats under future climate and the scenarios showed that 42% of them may not find suitable areas in the cangas of Carajás. We found no significant difference within each analyzed trait, considering the potential impact of climate change. The most climatically suitable areas (i.e., areas with high probability of species occurrence in the future) are those in the southwest of the study area. These areas can be considered as priority areas for species protection against climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Pressure and Climate Change on the Habitat Availability and Protection of Cypripedium (Orchidaceae) in Northeast China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Huanchu Liu ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yanqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
The Impact

Human pressure on the environment and climate change are two important factors contributing to species decline and overall loss of biodiversity. Orchids may be particularly vulnerable to human-induced losses of habitat and the pervasive impact of global climate change. In this study, we simulated the extent of the suitable habitat of three species of the terrestrial orchid genus Cypripedium in northeast China and assessed the impact of human pressure and climate change on the future distribution of these species. Cypripedium represents a genus of long-lived terrestrial orchids that contains several species with great ornamental value. Severe habitat destruction and overcollection have led to major population declines in recent decades. Our results showed that at present the most suitable habitats of the three species can be found in Da Xing’an Ling, Xiao Xing’an Ling and in the Changbai Mountains. Human activity was predicted to have the largest impact on species distributions in the Changbai Mountains. In addition, climate change was predicted to lead to a shift in distribution towards higher elevations and to an increased fragmentation of suitable habitats of the three investigated Cypripedium species in the study area. These results will be valuable for decision makers to identify areas that are likely to maintain viable Cypripedium populations in the future and to develop conservation strategies to protect the remaining populations of these enigmatic orchid species.

Blood, Sweat, Toil, and Tears of Surgical Training. Part I: Blood

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J Drain ◽  
Jonathon I Ferguson ◽  
Sharon Wilkinson ◽  
Samer AM Nashef
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Training ◽  
Clinical Service ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cardiac Operations

There may be conflict between the requirements of surgical training and those of the clinical service if training has an impact on clinical outcomes. One area of potential impact is perioperative blood loss. We compared total and 12-hour blood loss after 2,079 consecutive cardiac operations performed over 2 years by trainees and consultants. One- and two-way analyses of variance with EuroSCORE and surgeon status as factors were carried out to evaluate the impact of surgeon status on blood loss. There was no difference in blood loss between consultants and trainees. We also compared the rates between consultants and trainees of patients returning to the operating room due to bleeding. This showed a significant difference, with trainees having a higher rate of investigation for bleeding. Cardiac surgical training can be achieved without an adverse effect on blood loss, but it may be associated with a higher rate of re-intervention for bleeding.

The Impact of Climate Change on States

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 115-132
Author(s):  
Łukasz Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Law ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The increase in sea levels, as a result of climate change in territorial aspect will have a potential impact on two major issues – maritime zones and land territory. The latter goes into the heart of the theory of the state in international law as it requires us to confront the problem of complete and permanent disappearance of a State territory. When studying these processes, one should take into account the fundamental lack of appropriate precedents and analogies in international law, especially in the context of the extinction of the state, which could be used for guidance in this respect. The article analyses sea level rise impact on baselines and agreed maritime boundaries (in particular taking into account fundamental change of circumstances rule). Furthermore, the issue of submergence of the entire territory of a State is discussed taking into account the presumption of statehood, past examples of extinction of states and the importance of recognition in this respect.

scholarly journals The impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on plant species richness in the freshwater lakes of Algonquin Provincial Park

SURG Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Adrian Helmers ◽  
Alexis Platek ◽  
Melissa Ponte ◽  
Natalie Secen ◽  
Karl Cottenie
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Provincial Park

This study quantified the impact of human activity on aquatic and shoreline plant species richness. We hypothesized that human activity at the shoreline would negatively impact plant species richness and that the extent of the impact would depend on the intensity of human activity. To test this, we sampled 11 lakes in Algonquin Provincial Park, of which five permitted motorboat access, and five permitted canoe access and prohibited motorboat access. The remaining lake, which had no designated access point for boats and was only accessible to researchers, acted as a control. To assess the impact of anthropogenic disturbance at each lake, we measured plant species richness in three 10 m by 2 m plots: a first plot at the access point, assumed to be the site of highest disturbance; a second at the site of intermediate disturbance, 30 m down shore from the access point; and a third at the site of lowest disturbance, 60 m down shore from the access point. We found a significant negative relationship between the level of disturbance and plant species richness, both in the motorboat-accessible and canoe access-only lakes. The control lake exhibited no correlation between disturbance level and plant species richness. However, there was no significant difference between motorboat-accessible and canoe access-only lakes in the relationship between disturbance level and plant species richness. Overall, this study highlights the consequences of anthropogenic disturbance on freshwater aquatic and shoreline plant communities, and provides a framework for future management and rehabilitation strategies.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and impacts of climate change on Milicia excelsa in Benin, West Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunday Berlioz Kakpo ◽  
Augustin Kossi Nounangnon Aoudji ◽  
Denis Gnanguènon-Guéssè ◽  
Alain Jaures Gbètoho ◽  
Kourouma Koura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecological Niche Modeling ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Climatic Zone ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Rcp Scenarios ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Sustainable Conservation ◽  
Milicia Excelsa ◽  
The Impact

AbstractAfrican teak (Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C.C. Berg) is an endangered multi-use species. Understanding the impact of climate change on the distribution of this species may improve the ability to anticipate or recognize its decline or expansion and to take appropriate conservation measures if necessary. Ecological niche modeling was projected in geographical space to study the current and future distribution of M. excelsa in Bénin. MaxEnt was used to estimate the potential geographic distribution of the species under two Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP). Miroc 5 summaries and two RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios were used as predictor variables for projections of the geographic potential of this species. The performance of the model was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC), true skill statistics (TSS) and partial receiver operating characteristics (Partial ROC). From the results, M. excelsa was more a secondary species in the Guinean climatic zone and part of the Sudanian-Guinean and Sudanian climatic zone. The projections show a significant decrease in suitable habitats for the species from the two RCP scenarios. Only a part of the Guinean climatic zone remained suitable and few protected areas will conserve in situ M. excelsa. For the sustainable conservation of M. excelsa, it is essential to strengthen the protection of sacred forests located in the Guinean climatic zone.

scholarly journals Predictive Modeling of Suitable Habitats for Cinnamomum Camphora (L.) Presl Using Maxent Model under Climate Change in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang ◽  
Jing ◽  
Li ◽  
Liu ◽  
Fang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Jackknife Test ◽  
Maxent Model ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
The Impact

Rapid changes in global climate exert tremendous pressure on forest ecosystems. Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl is a multi-functional tree species, and its distribution and growth are also affected by climate warming. In order to realize its economic value and ecological function, it is necessary to explore the impact of climate change on its suitable habitats under different scenarios. In this experiment, 181 geographical distribution data were collected, and the MaxEnt algorithm was used to predict the distribution of suitable habitats. To complete the simulation, we selected two greenhouse gas release scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, and also three future time periods, 2025s, 2055s, and 2085s. The importance of environmental variables for modeling was evaluated by jackknife test. Our study found that accumulated temperature played a key role in the distribution of camphor trees. With the change of climate, the area of suitable range will increase and continue to move to the northwest of China. These findings could provide guidance for the plantation establishment and resource protection of camphor in China.

Indicator plant species selection for monitoring the impact of climate change based on prediction uncertainty

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 307-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoki Higa ◽  
Katsuhiro Nakao ◽  
Ikutaro Tsuyama ◽  
Etsuko Nakazono ◽  
Masatsugu Yasuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Indicator Plant ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Prediction Uncertainty ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A comparison of fish bycatch communities between areas open and closed to prawn trawling in an Australian tropical fishery

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilona Stobutzki ◽  
Peter Jones ◽  
Margaret Miller
Keyword(s):  
Fish Community ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Lower Biomass ◽  
Univariate Analyses ◽  
Demersal Species ◽  
Strong Contrast ◽  
Consistent Tendency

Abstract The bycatch fish community was compared between areas open and closed to prawn trawling in Australia's Northern Prawn Fishery to investigate the impacts of the fishery. Two regions of a large (∼6648 km2) closure were compared, with three areas in each region, one closed to trawling (Closed) and two open to trawling, one near the closure (Near) and one farther from the closure (Far). Sampling was undertaken both day and night. The two regions and two times were analysed separately using both multivariate and univariate analyses to examine changes in overall community structure and differences in individual species. Overall the results were equivocal with respect to the impact of trawling. The multivariate and univariate analyses showed that in both regions, during both day and night, the bycatch fish community of the Far open area differed from the Near and Closed areas, while the latter were similar. This at least partly reflected differences in depth and sediment. For individual species, most showed no significant difference between the areas open and closed to trawling. Of the significant results there was no consistent tendency for species to be more likely to occur inside the closure or be at a higher density or larger size within the closure. Benthic and demersal species, those more susceptible to capture by prawn trawls, were not consistently less likely to occur or at a lower biomass in the open areas. The lack of a strong contrast in the fish community between the open and closed areas is probably due to the comparatively low effort in the fishery, the highly aggregated nature of the trawling and the fact the fishery does not target the bycatch species. These factors may reduce the potential impact of trawling on the fish bycatch.

Testing the impact of virus importation rates and future climate change on dengue activity in Malaysia using a mechanistic entomology and disease model

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (13) ◽  
pp. 2856-2864 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. WILLIAMS ◽  
B. S. GILL ◽  
G. MINCHAM ◽  
A. H. MOHD ZAKI ◽  
N. ABDULLAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Dengue Case ◽  
Dengue Outbreak ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Case Data ◽  
Moderate Climate

SUMMARYWe aimed to reparameterize and validate an existing dengue model, comprising an entomological component (CIMSiM) and a disease component (DENSiM) for application in Malaysia. With the model we aimed to measure the effect of importation rate on dengue incidence, and to determine the potential impact of moderate climate change (a 1 °C temperature increase) on dengue activity. Dengue models (comprising CIMSiM and DENSiM) were reparameterized for a simulated Malaysian village of 10 000 people, and validated against monthly dengue case data from the district of Petaling Jaya in the state of Selangor. Simulations were also performed for 2008-2012 for variable virus importation rates (ranging from 1 to 25 per week) and dengue incidence determined. Dengue incidence in the period 2010–2012 was modelled, twice, with observed daily weather and with a 1 °C increase, the latter to simulate moderate climate change. Strong concordance between simulated and observed monthly dengue cases was observed (up to r = 0·72). There was a linear relationship between importation and incidence. However, a doubling of dengue importation did not equate to a doubling of dengue activity. The largest individual dengue outbreak was observed with the lowest dengue importation rate. Moderate climate change resulted in an overall decrease in dengue activity over a 3-year period, linked to high human seroprevalence early on in the simulation. Our results suggest that moderate reductions in importation with control programmes may not reduce the frequency of large outbreaks. Moderate increases in temperature do not necessarily lead to greater dengue incidence.

scholarly journals The strategies of water–carbon regulation of plants in a subtropical primary forest on karst soils in China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (13) ◽  
pp. 4193-4203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuefa Wen ◽  
Xinyu Zhang ◽  
Shenggong Li
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Carbon Gain ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Carbon Regulation ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Coexisting plant species in a karst ecosystem may use diverse strategies of trade off between carbon gain and water loss to adopt to the low soil nutrient and low water availability conditions. An understanding of the impact of CO2 diffusion and maximum carboxylase activity of Rubisco (Vcmax) on the light-saturated net photosynthesis (A) and intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE) can provide insight into physiological strategies of the water–carbon regulation of coexisting plant species used in adaptation to karst environments at the leaf scale. We selected 63 dominant species (across 6 life forms) in a subtropical karst primary forest in southwestern China, measured their CO2 response curves, and calculated the corresponding stomatal conductance to CO2 (gs), mesophyll conductance to CO2 (gm), and Vcmax. The results showed that gs and gm varied about 7.6- and 34.5-fold, respectively, and that gs was positively related to gm. The contribution of gm to the leaf CO2 gradient was similar to that of gs. gs ∕ A, gm ∕ A and gt ∕ A was negatively related to Vcmax ∕ A. The relative limitations of gs (ls), gm (lm), and Vcmax (lb) to A for the whole group (combined six life forms) were significantly different from each other (P < 0.05). lm was the largest (0.38 ± 0.12), followed by lb (0.34 ± 0.14), and ls (0.28 ± 0.07). No significant difference was found between ls, lm, and lb for trees and tree/shrubs, while lm was the largest, followed by lb and ls for shrubs, grasses, vines and ferns (P < 0.05). iWUE varied about 3-fold (from 29.52 to 88.92 µmol CO2 mol−1 H2O) across all species, and was significantly correlated with gs, Vcmax, gm ∕ gs, and Vcmax ∕ gs. These results indicated that karst plants maintained relatively high A and low iWUE through the covariation of gs, gm, and Vcmax as an adaptation to a karst environment.

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