scholarly journals The Response of Plants and Mycorrhizal Fungi to Nutritionally-Heterogeneous Environments Are Regulated by Nutrient Types and Plant Functional Groups

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bitao Liu ◽  
Fei Han ◽  
Kaixiong Xing ◽  
Aiping Zhang ◽  
Zed Rengel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Nutrient Heterogeneity ◽  
Root Foraging ◽  
Significant Difference

Nutrient type and plant functional group are both important in influencing proliferation of roots or hyphae and their benefit to plant growth in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. However, the studies quantifying relative importance of roots vs. hyphae affecting the plant response to nutrient heterogeneity are lacking. Here, we used meta-analysis based on 879 observations from 66 published studies to evaluate response patterns of seven variables related to growth and morphological traits of plants and mycorrhizal fungi in nutritionally heterogeneous environments. We found that phosphorus [P] and organic fertilizer [OF] supply significantly increased shoot (+18.1 and +25.9%, respectively) and root biomass (+31.1 and +23.0%, respectively) and root foraging precision (+11.8 and +20.4%, respectively). However, there was no significant difference among functional groups of herbs (grasses, forbs, and legumes), between herbs and woody species, and between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) tree species in the shoot, root and mycorrhizal fungi responses to nutrient heterogeneity, except for root biomass and root foraging precision among grasses, forbs, and legumes, and mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision between AM and ECM tree species. Root diameter was uncorrelated with neither root foraging precision nor mycorrhizal hyphal foraging precision, regardless of mycorrhizal type or nutrient type. These results suggest that plant growth and foraging strategies are mainly influenced by nutrient type, among other factors including plant functional type and mycorrhizal type.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with shade trees and Coffea arabica L. in a coffee-based agroforestry system in Bonga, Southwestern Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-131
Author(s):  
Tadesse Chanie Sewnet ◽  
Fassil Assefa Tuju
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Shade Trees ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cordia Africana

In a first step to understand the interactions between Colfea arabica L. trees and mycorrhizae in Ethiopia, an investigation of the current mycorrhizal colonization status of roots was undertaken. We sampled 14 shade tree species occurring in coffee populations in Bonga forest, Ethiopia. Milletia ferruginea, Schefflera abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, Ficus vasta, F. sur, Albizia gummifera, Olea capensis, Cordia africana, Ehretia abyssinica, Pouteria adolfi-friederici, Pavetta oliveriana, Prunus africana, Phoenix reclinata and Polyscias fulva. Coffee trees sampled under each shade tree were all shown to be colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi). Four genera and 9 different species of AM fungi were found in the soils. Glomus (Sp1, Sp2, & Sp3 & Sp4), Scutellospora (Sp1 & Sp2) and Gigaspora (Sp1 & Sp2) were found under all 14 shade tree species, whereas Acaulospora (Sp1) occurred only in slightly acidic soils, within a pH range of 4.93-5.75. Generally, roots of the coffee trees were colonized by arbuscules to a greater degree than those of their shade trees, the arbuscular colonization percentage (AC%) of the former being higher than the latter (significant difference at 0.05 level). Though differences were not statistically significant, the overall hyphal colonization percentage (HC%) and mycorrhizal hyphal colonization percentage (MHC%) were shown to be slightly higher under coffee trees than under their shade trees. However, the differences were statistically significant at 0.05 level in the case of HC% values of coffee trees under Pouteria adolf-friederici and MHC% under Cordia africana. Spore density and all types of proportional root colonization parameters (HC%, MHC%, AC% and vesicular colonization percentage, VC%) for both coffee and shade trees were negatively and significantly correlated with organic soil carbon, total N, available P, EC and Zn. Correlation between arbuscular colonization for coffee (AC%) and organic carbon was not significantly positive at a 0.05 level. Incidence of specific spore morphotypes was also correlated with physical and chemical soil properties. Results indicate that AM fungi could potentially be important in aforestation and help to promote coffee production activities in Ethiopia providing an alternative to expensive chemical fertilizer use, and would offer management methods that take advantage of natural systems dynamics that could potentially preserve and enhance coffee production.

Response of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to soil phosphorus patches depends on context

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangzhou Wang ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Peter Christie ◽  
Junling Zhang ◽  
Xiaolin Li
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Distributed Resources ◽  
Hyphal Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
P Supply ◽  
Apase Activity

Foraging strategies in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for heterogeneously distributed resources in the soil remain to be explored. We used nylon-mesh bags of 30 μm to simulate patches of different phosphorus (P) supply levels (Expt 1) and P forms (organic v. inorganic, Expts 1 and 2). In Expt 1, host maize (Zea mays) was unfertilised; in each pot, five P-enriched bags were supplied with either Na-phytate or KH2PO4 at P rates of 0 (P0), 50 (P50), 100 (P100), 150 (P150) and 200 (P200) mg P kg–1. In Expt 2, maize plants were supplied with 20 (P20) or 50 (P50) mg P kg–1, and five P-enriched bags were supplied with different P forms (Na-phytate, lecithin, RNA, KH2PO4) and a nil-P control. Three fungal species (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus irregularis, and Glomus etunicatum) were compared in Expt 1, and the first two species in Expt 2. In Expt 1, the hyphal-length density (HLD) of G. etunicatum was not significantly different among different P levels when supplied with KH2PO4, whereas the HLD of R. irregularis tended to increase at higher P supply (above P50) in the Na-phytate treatment. The HLD of F. mosseae increased at P150 when supplied with KH2PO4, and increased at P100 and P150 in the Na-phytate treatment relative to P0. APase activity levels were more related to P supply level, in particular with F. mosseae inoculation and uninoculated control, showing that P200 significantly reduced APase relative to P0. In Expt 2, greater hyphal growth of both fungal species tended to occur with KH2PO4. At P20, the HLD of R. irregularis in treatments with KH2PO4 and lecithin, and of F. mosseae with KH2PO4, were higher than in P0. At P50, the HLD of F. mosseae was higher than of R. irregularis; but P form had no significant influence on HLD of F. mosseae, whereas the HLD of R. irregularis in the P-amended treatment (except with Na-phytate) was higher than in P0. APase activity did not differ significantly between the two fungal species. Highest APase activity generally occurred with lecithin, with no significant difference among the other P forms. Our results indicate that the response of AMF to P-enriched patches is complex, and both the form and amount of P supplied should be considered. Variations between AMF in the proliferation of hyphae to heterogeneous nutrient patches might be a mechanism by which these species can maintain diversity in intensive agricultural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Responses of Root Morphology of Three Co-existing Tree Species to Nutrient Patches Reflect Their Root Foraging Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenya Yang ◽  
Benzhi Zhou ◽  
Xiaogai Ge ◽  
Yonghui Cao ◽  
Ivano Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Chinese Fir ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Root Proliferation ◽  
Masson Pine ◽  
Root Foraging ◽  
Heterogeneous Soils ◽  
P Supply

Root foraging strategies of plants may be critical to the competition for nutrient resources in the nutrient patches, but little is known about these of co-existing tree species in subtropical regions. This study aimed to elucidate root foraging strategies of three co-existing tree species in nutrient heterogeneous soils by exploring their root distribution, root morphology, photosynthates allocation and nutrient accumulation. Seedlings of the three tree species [moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis), Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata), and masson pine (Pinus massoniana)] were grown for 8months under one homogeneous soil [uniform nitrogen (N) plus phosphorus (P)] and three heterogeneous soils (localized N supply, localized P supply, or localized N plus P supply). The biomass, root morphological parameters (i.e., root length and root surface area), specific root length (SRL), non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs, i.e., mobile sugar and starch) in roots, total N and total P of plants were measured. The plasticity and distribution of root system were analyzed by calculating the root response ratio (RRR) and root foraging precision (FP), respectively. The results are as follows (i) Chinese fir tended to forage more N by promoting root proliferation in the N-rich patch, while root proliferation of bamboo and pine did not change. For P, bamboo absorbed more P by promoting root proliferation in the P-rich patch. The total P content of Pine and Chinese fir under localized P supply treatment remain the same despite the fact that the root length in the P-rich patch and the FP increased. (ii) Chinese fir foraged more N by increasing root length and decreasing SRL in the NP-rich patch; bamboo foraged more N and P by increasing root length and SRL in the NP-rich patch. The FP and foraging scale (FS) of both bamboo and Chinese fir were significantly improved under localized N plus P treatment. (iii) The concentrations of NSC were positively correlated with root morphological plasticity for moso bamboo and Chinese fir. Our results indicated that higher morphological plasticity is exhibited in moso bamboo and Chinese fir than masson pine in nutrient heterogeneous soils, allowing them to successfully forage for more nutrients.

scholarly journals Root morphology and mycorrhizal symbioses together shape nutrient foraging strategies of temperate trees

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. 8741-8746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weile Chen ◽  
Roger T. Koide ◽  
Thomas S. Adams ◽  
Jared L. DeForest ◽  
Lei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Temperate Trees ◽  
Nutrient Foraging

Photosynthesis by leaves and acquisition of water and minerals by roots are required for plant growth, which is a key component of many ecosystem functions. Although the role of leaf functional traits in photosynthesis is generally well understood, the relationship of root functional traits to nutrient uptake is not. In particular, predictions of nutrient acquisition strategies from specific root traits are often vague. Roots of nearly all plants cooperate with mycorrhizal fungi in nutrient acquisition. Most tree species form symbioses with either arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) or ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi. Nutrients are distributed heterogeneously in the soil, and nutrient-rich “hotspots” can be a key source for plants. Thus, predicting the foraging strategies that enable mycorrhizal root systems to exploit these hotspots can be critical to the understanding of plant nutrition and ecosystem carbon and nutrient cycling. Here, we show that in 13 sympatric temperate tree species, when nutrient availability is patchy, thinner root species alter their foraging to exploit patches, whereas thicker root species do not. Moreover, there appear to be two distinct pathways by which thinner root tree species enhance foraging in nutrient-rich patches: AM trees produce more roots, whereas EM trees produce more mycorrhizal fungal hyphae. Our results indicate that strategies of nutrient foraging are complementary among tree species with contrasting mycorrhiza types and root morphologies, and that predictable relationships between below-ground traits and nutrient acquisition emerge only when both roots and mycorrhizal fungi are considered together.

Nitrogen use plasticity in response to light intensity in neotropical tree species of distinct functional groups

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiane Viegas Debiasi ◽  
Anderson Kikuchi Calzavara ◽  
Ladaslav Sodek ◽  
Halley Caixeta Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Neotropical Tree

scholarly journals Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms in Coffee Production: From Isolation to Field Application

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1531
Author(s):  
Narcisa Urgiles-Gómez ◽  
María Eugenia Avila-Salem ◽  
Paúl Loján ◽  
Max Encalada ◽  
Leslye Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Coffee Agroforestry ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Coffee is an important, high-value crop because its roasted beans are used to produce popular beverages that are consumed worldwide. Coffee plantations exist in over 70 countries and constitute the main economic activity of approximately 125 million people. Currently, there is global concern regarding the excessive use of agrochemicals and pesticides in agriculture, including coffee crops. This situation has motivated researchers, administrators, and farmers to seek ecologically friendly alternatives to decrease the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. In the last decades, multiple studies of the rhizosphere, at the chemical, physical and biological levels, have improved our understanding of the importance of beneficial microorganisms to plant health and growth. This review aims to summarize the state of the use of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPM) in coffee production, where the most extensively studied microorganisms are beneficial plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). This review also contains information on PGPM, in regard to plantations at different latitudes, isolation techniques, mass multiplication, formulation methods, and the application of PGPM in nurseries, monoculture, and coffee agroforestry systems. Finally, this review focuses on relevant research performed during the last decade that can help us improve sustainable coffee production.

scholarly journals Beneficial Features of Biochar and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza for Improving Spinach Plant Growth, Root Morphological Traits, Physiological Properties, and Soil Enzymatic Activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 571
Author(s):  
Dilfuza Jabborova ◽  
Kannepalli Annapurna ◽  
Sangeeta Paul ◽  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Hosam A. Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Physiological Properties ◽  
Spinach Plant

Biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can promote plant growth, improve soil properties, and maintain microbial activity. The effects of biochar and AMF on plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities were studied in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar and AMF on the growth of spinach. Four treatments, a T1 control (soil without biochar), T2 biochar alone, T3 AMF alone, and T4 biochar and AMF together, were arranged in a randomized complete block design with five replications. The biochar alone had a positive effect on the growth of spinach, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities. It significantly increased the plant growth parameters, such as the shoot length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, shoot fresh weight, and shoot dry weight. The root morphological traits, plant physiological attributes, and soil enzymatic activities were significantly enhanced with the biochar alone compared with the control. However, the combination of biochar and AMF had a greater impact on the increase in plant growth, root morphological traits, physiological properties, and soil enzymatic activities compared with the other treatments. The results suggested that the combined biochar and AMF led to the highest levels of spinach plant growth, microbial biomass, and soil enzymatic activity.

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