scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of the Effects of Selenium on Maize Seedling Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Dou ◽  
Zailong Tian ◽  
Qin Zhao ◽  
Mengting Xu ◽  
Yiran Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Maize Seedling ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Auxin Signal Transduction

Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral element in soils that can be beneficial to plants in small amounts. Although maize is among the most economically important crops, there are few reports on the effects of Se on maize seedling growth at the molecular level. In this study, the growth of maize seedlings treated with different concentrations of Na2SeO3 was investigated, and the physiological characteristics were measured. Compared with the control, a low Se concentration promoted seedling growth, whereas a high Se concentration inhibited it. To illustrate the transcriptional effects of Se on maize seedling growth, samples from control plants and those treated with low or high concentrations of Se were subjected to RNA sequencing. The differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis revealed that there were 239 upregulated and 106 downregulated genes in the low Se treatment groups, while there were 845 upregulated and 1,686 downregulated DEGs in the high Se treatment groups. Both the Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses showed a low concentration of the Se-stimulated expression of “DNA replication” and “glutathione (GSH) metabolism”-related genes. A high concentration of Se repressed the expression of auxin signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis-related genes. The real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that in the low Se treatment, “auxin signal transduction,” “DNA replication,” and lignin biosynthesis-related genes were upregulated 1.4- to 57.68-fold compared to the control, while, in the high Se concentration treatment, auxin signal transduction and lignin biosynthesis-related genes were downregulated 1.6- to 16.23-fold compared to the control. Based on these transcriptional differences and qRT-PCR validation, it was found that a low dosage of Se may promote maize seedling growth but becomes inhibitory to growth at higher concentrations. This study lays a foundation for the mechanisms underlying the effects of Se on maize seedling growth.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Pyroptosis Pathway and Epilepsy: A Bioinformatic Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Xia ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Qiang Wang ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Go Annotation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug

PurposeThis study aimed to analyse the correlation between the pyroptosis pathway and epilepsy using bioinformatics analysis technology. We analyzed the expression of gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME), the key molecules of pyroptosis, in kainic acid-induced epileptic mice.MethodsWeighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct a signed co-expression network from expression data to screen gene sets closely related to epilepsy. The correlation between the module and epilepsy was verified through module conservative analysis, gene ontology (GO) annotation analysis, and correlation analysis with known epilepsy genes. We obtained currently recognized pyroptosis-related molecules through literature review, and correlation analysis was used to evaluate their correlation with epilepsy. Differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis was used to analyse expression changes of pyroptosis-related molecules at the transcriptome level, compared to the sham group. We subsequently established a kainic acid-induced status epilepticus (SE) model in mice and validated the mRNA and protein expression of GSDMD and GSDME, the key molecules of pyroptosis, by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB).ResultsUsing WGCNA, module conservative analysis, and correlation analysis with known epilepsy genes, we screened out a module (a gene set of interest) closely related to epilepsy that was prominently enriched in immune and inflammatory-related biological processes. Correlation analysis results suggest that pyroptosis-related molecules are closely related to this module, but have no obvious correlation with others. DEG analysis of molecules associated with pyroptosis suggests that most of the pyroptosis-related molecules had significantly increased expression after SE, such as IL1b, Casp1, Casp4, Pycard, Gsdmd, Nlrp3, Aim2, Mefv, Tlr2, Tlr3, and Tlr4. qRT-PCR and WB analysis confirmed that the mRNA and protein levels of GSDMD in the mouse hippocampus were significantly upregulated after SE. The mRNA expression of GSDME was not different between the epilepsy group and sham group. However, the WB results showed that the expression of full-length GSDME was decreased and GSDME-N-terminus were significantly increased after SE.ConclusionsOur study highlights that the pyroptosis pathway may be closely related to epilepsy. GSDMD and GSDME, the key executive molecules of pyroptosis, will help to understand the pathogenesis of epilepsy and aid in discovering new targets for anti-epileptic drug treatments.

421. Seminal fluid TGFβ regulates follistatin mRNA expression human Ect1 cervical epithelial cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Sharkey ◽  
S. A. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Human Seminal Plasma ◽  
Local Inflammatory Response

Introduction of seminal fluid into the female reproductive tract following coitus stimulates a local inflammatory response. Inflammatory leukocyte recruitment is regulated by induction of cytokine and chemokine synthesis in female tract epithelial cells by seminal fluid signalling agents. Affymetrix microarray analysis in immortalised ectocervical epithelial (Ect1) cells identified the potent anti-inflammatory cytokine follistatin (FST) as the most strongly differentially expressed gene, with a ~12-fold increase in mRNA expression induced by seminal fluid. Follistatin has recently been implicated as a key cytokine in early pregnancy by studies in female follistatin null mice, which exhibit infertility as a consequence of failure to resolve the uterine post-mating inflammatory response. The aim of this study was to investigate seminal plasma regulation of follistatin in human Ect1 cervical cells, and to examine the role of the major active seminal fluid constituent, TGFβ, in controlling Ect1 cells follistatin mRNA expression. To confirm Affymetrix findings, qRT–PCR experiments were undertaken in Ect1 cells incubated with 10% pooled human seminal plasma (SP). Primers specific for the tissue bound isoform of follistatin (FST288) as well as both FST288 and the circulating 315 isoforms (FSTall) were used. Ect1 cell incubation with 10%SP elicited 3.8-fold and 4-fold increases in FST288 and FSTall respectively. Incubation of Ect1 cells with TGFβ1, TGFβ2 and TGFβ3 showed differential effects of the three isoforms, with rTGFβ2 inducing FST288 and FSTall, while rTGFβ1 and TGFβ3 exerted little effect.. These results suggest that seminal plasma induces follistatin synthesis after coitus and that TGFβ2 is at least partly responsible for this effect. Follistatin induced by seminal fluid may act to limit the course of inflammation after intercourse, and thereby prevent uncontrolled inflammatory damage. Follistatin induced in the female tissues would be augmented by follistatin delivered from the male, since human seminal plasma also contains a high concentration of this cytokine.

scholarly journals Effects of Waterlogging On Maize Seedling Growth during Seed Germination

2020 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 012075
Author(s):  
Rui Xiong ◽  
Liran Sang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Ru Cheng ◽  
Peishan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Maize Seedling

scholarly journals A Role for Cdk2 Kinase in Negatively Regulating DNA Replication during S Phase of the Cell Cycle

1997 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuequn Helen Hua ◽  
Hong Yan ◽  
John Newport
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Dna Replication ◽  
Cyclin E ◽  
Embryonic Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Negative Regulation ◽  
Sperm Chromatin ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Embryonic Cell Cycle

Using cell-free extracts made from Xenopus eggs, we show that cdk2-cyclin E and A kinases play an important role in negatively regulating DNA replication. Specifically, we demonstrate that the cdk2 kinase concentration surrounding chromatin in extracts increases 200-fold once the chromatin is assembled into nuclei. Further, we find that if the cdk2–cyclin E or A concentration in egg cytosol is increased 16-fold before the addition of sperm chromatin, the chromatin fails to initiate DNA replication once assembled into nuclei. This demonstrates that cdk2–cyclin E or A can negatively regulate DNA replication. With respect to how this negative regulation occurs, we show that high levels of cdk2–cyclin E do not block the association of the protein complex ORC with sperm chromatin but do prevent association of MCM3, a protein essential for replication. Importantly, we find that MCM3 that is prebound to chromatin does not dissociate when cdk2– cyclin E levels are increased. Taken together our results strongly suggest that during the embryonic cell cycle, the low concentrations of cdk2–cyclin E present in the cytosol after mitosis and before nuclear formation allow proteins essential for potentiating DNA replication to bind to chromatin, and that the high concentration of cdk2–cyclin E within nuclei prevents MCM from reassociating with chromatin after replication. This situation could serve, in part, to limit DNA replication to a single round per cell cycle.

ChemInform Abstract: Yokonolide A, a New Inhibitor of Auxin Signal Transduction, from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes B59.

ChemInform ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. no-no
Author(s):  
Ken-ichiro Hayashi ◽  
Kentaro Ogino ◽  
Yutaka Oono ◽  
Hirofumi Uchimiya ◽  
Hiroshi Nozaki
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Streptomyces Diastatochromogenes ◽  
Auxin Signal Transduction

scholarly journals Discovery and identification of candidate sex-related genes based on transcriptome sequencing of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) gonads

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yadong Chen ◽  
Yongtao Xia ◽  
Changwei Shao ◽  
Lei Han ◽  
Xuejie Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Differentially Expressed Gene ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Russian Sturgeon ◽  
Female Gonad ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Acipenser Gueldenstaedtii ◽  
Transduction Mechanisms

As the Russian sturgeon ( Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) is an important food and is the main source of caviar, it is necessary to discover the genes associated with its sex differentiation. However, the complicated life and maturity cycles of the Russian sturgeon restrict the accurate identification of sex in early development. To generate a first look at specific sex-related genes, we sequenced the transcriptome of gonads in different development stages (1, 2, and 5 yr old stages) with next-generation RNA sequencing. We generated >60 million raw reads, and the filtered reads were assembled into 263,341 contigs, which produced 38,505 unigenes. Genes involved in signal transduction mechanisms were the most abundant, suggesting that development of sturgeon gonads is under control of signal transduction mechanisms. Differentially expressed gene analysis suggests that more genes for protein synthesis, cytochrome c oxidase subunits, and ribosomal proteins were expressed in female gonads than in male. Meanwhile, male gonads expressed more transposable element transposase, reverse transcriptase, and transposase-related genes than female. In total, 342, 782, and 7,845 genes were detected in intersex, male, and female transcriptomes, respectively. The female gonad expressed more genes than the male gonad, and more genes were involved in female gonadal development. Genes (sox9, foxl2) are differentially expressed in different sexes and may be important sex-related genes in Russian sturgeon. S ox9 genes are responsible for the development of male gonads and foxl2 for female gonads.

Signal transduction involved in MCP-1–mediated monocytic transendothelial migration

Blood ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béatrice Cambien ◽  
Manuel Pomeranz ◽  
Marie-Ange Millet ◽  
Bernard Rossi ◽  
Annie Schmid-Alliana
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Pertussis Toxin ◽  
Tyrosine Kinases ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Transendothelial Migration ◽  
Signal Pathways ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Erk Activation ◽  
Gi Proteins

Abstract Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a major chemoattractant for monocytes and T lymphocytes. The MonoMac6 cell line was used to examine MCP-1 receptor-mediated signal transduction events in relation to MCP-1–mediated monocytic transendothelial migration. MCP-1 stimulates, with distinct time courses, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK1 and ERK2) and stress-activated protein kinases (SAPK1/JNK1 and SAPK2/p38). SAPK1/JNK1 activation was blocked by piceatannol, indicating that it is regulated by Syk kinase, whereas SAPK2/p38 activation was inhibited by PP2, revealing an upstream regulation by Src-like kinases. In contrast, ERK activation was insensitive to PP2 and piceatannol. Pertussis toxin, a blocker of Go/Gi proteins, abrogated MCP-1–induced ERK activation, but was without any effect on SAPK1/JNK1 and SAPK2/p38 activation. These results underscore the major implication of Go/Gi proteins and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases in the early MCP-1 signaling. Furthermore, MCP-1–mediated chemotaxis and transendothelial migration were significantly diminished by a high concentration of SB202190, a broad SAPK inhibitor, or by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of SAPK2/p38, and abolished by pertussis toxin treatment. Altogether, these data suggest that coordinated action of distinct signal pathways is required to produce a full response to MCP-1 in terms of monocytic locomotion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document