scholarly journals Phylogeny and Taxonomy on Cryptic Species of Forked Ferns of Asia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuoying Wei ◽  
Zengqiang Xia ◽  
Jiangping Shu ◽  
Hui Shang ◽  
Stephen J. Maxwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Chloroplast Gene ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Cryptic species comprise two or more taxa that are grounded under a single name because they are more-or-less indistinguishable morphologically. These species are potentially important for detailed assessments of biodiversity, but there now appear to be many more cryptic species than previously estimated. One taxonomic group likely to contain many cryptic species is Dicranopteris, a genus of forked ferns that occurs commonly along roadsides in Asia. The genus has a complex taxonomical history, and D. linearis has been particularly challenging with many intra-specific taxa dubiously erected to accommodate morphological variation that lacks clear discontinuities. To resolve species boundaries within Dicranopteris, we applied a molecular phylogenetic approach as complementary to morphology. Specifically, we used five chloroplast gene regions (rbcL, atpB, rps4, matK, and trnL-trnF) to generate a well-resolved phylogeny based on 37 samples representing 13 taxa of Dicranopteris, spanning the major distributional area in Asia. The results showed that Dicranopteris consists of ten highly supported clades, and D. linearis is polyphyletic, suggesting cryptic diversity within the species. Further through morphological comparison, we certainly erected Dicranopteris austrosinensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. and Dicranopteris baliensis Y.H. Yan & Z.Y. Wei sp. nov. as distinct species and proposed five new combinations. We also inferred that the extant diversity of the genus Dicranopteris may result from relatively recent diversification in the Miocene based on divergence time dating. Overall, our study not only provided additional insights on the Gleicheniaceae tree of life, but also served as a case of integrating molecular and morphological approaches to elucidate cryptic diversity in taxonomically difficult groups.

scholarly journals A new species of Rain Frog (Brevicipitidae, Breviceps) endemic to Angola

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 133-160
Author(s):  
Stuart V. Nielsen ◽  
Werner Conradie ◽  
Luis M. P. Ceríaco ◽  
Aaron M. Bauer ◽  
Matthew P. Heinicke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Acoustic Analyses ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
A New Species

Recent molecular phylogenetic work has found that Breviceps Merrem, 1820 comprises two major clades, one of which, the B. mossambicus group, is widely distributed across southern sub-Saharan Africa. This group is notable for harboring abundant cryptic diversity. Of the four most recently described Breviceps species, three are members of this group, and at least five additional lineages await formal description. Although Breviceps has long been known to occur in Angola, no contemporary material has been collected until recently. The three most widespread taxa, B. adspersus, B. mossambicus, and B. poweri, may all occur in Angola, but accurate species assignment remains challenging given the rampant morphological similarity between these taxa, and, until recently, the lack of genetic resources. Phylogenetic, morphological, and acoustic analyses of recently collected samples from disparate localities within Angola provide evidence for an undescribed species that is sister to B. poweri. The new species can be diagnosed from its sister taxon by lacking pale spots along the flanks, a pale patch above the vent, and a short, dark band below the nares (all present in B. poweri). Additionally, the male advertisement call differs from the three other Breviceps that might occur in Angola in having both a longer interval between consecutive calls and a higher average dominant frequency. We here describe this lineage as a distinct species, currently only known from Angola, and discuss the presence of other Breviceps taxa within Angola.

scholarly journals Cryptic Species Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationship in the Rust Genus Chrysomyxa from China

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Rui Wang ◽  
Clement K. M. Tsui ◽  
Chongjuan You
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Two New Species

Chrysomyxa rusts are fungal pathogens widely distributed in the Northern hemisphere, causing spruce needle and cone rust diseases, and they are responsible for significant economic losses in China. Taxonomic delimitation and precise species identification are difficult within this genus because some characters often overlap in several species. Adequate species delimitation, enhanced by the use of DNA-based methodologies, will help to establish well-supported species boundaries and enable the identification of cryptic species. Here, we explore the cryptic species diversity in the rust genus Chrysomyxa from China. Species delimitation analyses are conducted using a distance-based method (ABGD) and three tree-based methods (GMYC, bPTP, and mPTP) based on combined LSU and ITS sequences of over 60 specimens. Although there is some incongruence among species delimitation methods, two new species and three putative cryptic species are identified. The key to 20 Chrysomyxa species distributed in China is presented. These results suggest that a significant level of undiscovered cryptic diversity is likely to be found in Chrysomyxa from China. Future studies should consider multiple analytical methods when dealing with multi-locus datasets.

DNA-based approaches uncover cryptic diversity in the European Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Ting-Wen Chen ◽  
Eduardo Mateos ◽  
Stefan Scheu ◽  
Ina Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Cryptic Diversity

DNA sequence data and phylogenies are useful tools for species delimitation, especially in taxa comprising cryptic species. The Lepidocyrtus lanuginosus species group (Collembola: Entomobryidae) comprises three morphospecies and distinct cryptic species. We applied three DNA-based methods to delimit species boundaries in the L. lanuginosus species group across central and southern Europe. Using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and II, we identified gaps of genetic distances that indicate species boundaries and found 10 and 9 distinct genetic lineages in L. cyaneus and L. lanuginosus, respectively. The nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α delimited 89% of the lineages but 28S rDNA (D1–2 domain) was too conserved for this purpose. The phylogenetic trees showed that L. cyaneus and L. lanuginosus are polyphyletic, suggesting that body colour is insufficient for delimiting species in the L. lanuginosus species group. Our study challenges the current morphology-based species delimitation in the L. lanuginosus species group and suggests that molecular approaches are needed for fast and accurate determination of Collembola species in both taxonomic and ecological studies. Overall, the results suggest that wide geographic sampling combined with molecular phylogenetic approaches is needed to delimit species and to understand the full range of cryptic diversity in Collembola.

Molecular and morphological evidence for a new species of Siphocranion (Lamiaceae) from the Sino-Vietnamese border

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
YA-PING CHEN ◽  
XIN-XIN ZHU ◽  
FEI ZHAO ◽  
HUI-ZHE FENG ◽  
ALAN PATON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

Siphocranion is an oligotypic genus of Lamiaceae, with two species mainly distributed in subtropical China and one of them found also in northeastern India, Myanmar, and Vietnam. Based on field investigation, morphological comparison, and molecular phylogenetic analyses, a new species of Siphocranion from the Sino-Vietnamese border is described as S. flavidum. Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses on two nuclear ribosomal DNA regions and six plastid DNA regions reveal that S. flavidum is a distinct species in the genus and may be sister to the clade formed by the remaining two species of Siphocranion. Morphologically, the new species differs from S. macranthum and S. nudipes in its strigose stem with dark purple spots, thick papery lamina, significantly larger calyx, pale yellow corolla with tube slightly saccate at anterior side of base.

The Evolutionary Biology of Species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy G. Barraclough
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Central Thesis ◽  
Species Accumulation ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Broad Approach ◽  
Over Time

‘Species’ are central to understanding the origin and dynamics of biological diversity; explaining why lineages split into multiple distinct species is one of the main goals of evolutionary biology. However, the existence of species is often taken for granted, and precisely what is meant by species and whether they really exist as a pattern of nature has rarely been modelled or critically tested. This novel book presents a synthetic overview of the evolutionary biology of species, describing what species are, how they form, the consequences of species boundaries and diversity for evolution, and patterns of species accumulation over time. The central thesis is that species represent more than just a unit of taxonomy; they are a model of how diversity is structured as well as how groups of related organisms evolve. The author adopts an intentionally broad approach to consider what species constitute, both theoretically and empirically, and how we detect them, drawing on a wealth of examples from microbes to multicellular organisms.

A REVISED GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF HYACINTHACEAE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, BASED ON MOLECULAR EVIDENCE, INCLUDING NEW COMBINATIONS AND THE NEW TRIBE PSEUDOPROSPEREAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MANNING ◽  
P. GOLDBLATT ◽  
M. F. FAY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Sub Saharan

A revised generic synopsis of sub-Saharan Hyacinthaceae is presented, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family. Generic rank is accorded only to reciprocally monophyletic clades that can be distinguished by recognizable morphological discontinuities, thereby permitting an appropriate generic assignment of species not included in the analysis. Three subfamilies are recognized within the region. Subfamily Ornithogaloideae, characterized by flattened or angular seeds with tightly adhering testa, is considered to include the single genus Ornithogalum, which is expanded to include the genera Albuca, Dipcadi, Galtonia, Neopatersonia and Pseudogaltonia. Recognizing any of these segregates at generic level renders the genus Ornithogalum polyphyletic, while subdivision of Ornithogalum into smaller, morphologically distinguishable segregates in order to preserve the monophyly of each is not possible. Subfamily Urgineoideae, characterized by flattened or winged seeds with brittle, loosely adhering testa, comprises the two mainland African genera Bowiea and Drimia. The latter is well circumscribed by its deciduous, short-lived perianth and includes the previously recognized genera Litanthus, Rhadamanthus, Schizobasis and Tenicroa. The monotypic Madagascan Igidia is provisionally included in the subfamily as a third genus on the basis of its seeds, pending molecular confirmation of its relationships. Subfamily Hyacinthoideae resolves into three clades, distinguished as tribes Hyacintheae (strictly northern hemisphere and not treated further), Massonieae and Pseudoprospereae tribus nov. Full descriptions and a key to their identification are provided for all genera. New combinations reflecting the generic circumscriptions adopted here are made for most African and all Indian and Madagascan species.

The Use of Protein Electrophoresis for Determining Species Boundaries in Amphipods

Crustaceana ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Allopatric Populations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Electrophoretic Data

AbstractThe use of protein electrophoretic data for determining species boundaries in amphipods is addressed. Analysis of published literature on genetic differentiation in amphipods showed that pairs of allopatric populations which have genetic identities (I) above a value of 0.85 probably represent intraspecific populations, whereas pairs of populations which have genetic identities below about 0.45 probably represent different species. It was recommended that if I values fall between 0.45 and 0.85, additional factors such as evidence of a lack of gene flow between the populations, and concordant morphological variation should be considered.

CRITICAL TAXA OF GRASSES WITH NORTH AMERICAN AND EASTERN ASIATIC DISTRIBUTION

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 859-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Koyama ◽  
Shoichi Kawano
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The North ◽  
Cytological Data

Taxonomy and distribution of grasses with the North American and eastern Asiatic distribution have been discussed in detail with brief comments on their history. Morphological comparison of the corresponding taxa was correlated with cytological data, and the distribution was discussed with particular emphasis on the related ecological evidence. The new combinations proposed are: Schizachne purpurascens ssp. callosa, Brachyelytrum erectum ssp. erectum var. glabratum, B. erectum ssp. japonicum, Muhlenbergia frondosa ssp. ramosa, M. tenuiflora ssp. curviaristata, Glyceria acutiflora ssp. japonica, Festuca subulata ssp. japonica, Torreyochloa pallida ssp. pallida var. Fernaldii, T. pallida ssp. natans, T. pallida ssp. natans var. viridis, and Beckmannia Syzigachne ssp. baicalensis.

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