scholarly journals Foliar Application of Boron Nanoencapsulated in Almond Trees Allows B Movement Within Tree and Implements Water Uptake and Transport Involving Aquaporins

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan J. Rios ◽  
Alvaro Lopez-Zaplana ◽  
Gloria Bárzana ◽  
Alberto Martinez-Alonso ◽  
Micaela Carvajal
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Transport Parameters ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Intrinsic Protein ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Uptake And Transport

Nanotechnology brings to agriculture new forms of fertilizer applications, which could be used to reduce environmental contamination and increase efficiency. In this study, foliar fertilization with nanoencapsulated boron (B) was studied in comparison to an ionic B (non-encapsulated) application in young B-deficient almond trees grown under a controlled environment. B movement within the plant in relation to the leaf gas exchange, water relations parameters, and root hydraulic conductance was measured. Also, the expression of aquaporins (AQPs) [plasma membrane intrinsic protein (PIP) and tonoplast intrinsic protein (TIP)] was studied in relation to water uptake and transport parameters to establish the effectiveness of the different B treatments. The obtained results were associated with a high concentration of observed B with nanoencapsulated B, provided by the higher permeability of carrier nanovesicles, which allowed B to reach the cell wall more efficiently. The increases in water uptake and transport obtained in these plants could be related to the role that this element played in the cell wall and the relationship that it could have in the regulation of the expression of AQPs and their involvement in water relations. Also, an increase in the expression of PIPs (mainly PIP2.2) to the applied nanoencapsulated B could be related to the need for B and water transport, and fine regulation of TIP1.1 in relation to B concentration in tissues provides an important feature in the remobilization of B within the cell.

Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Relations of Lupins and Wheat. II. Root and Shoot Water Relations of Lupin During Drought-Induced Stomatal Closure

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Jensen ◽  
IE Henson ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Soil Water Potential ◽  
Root Water Uptake ◽  
Leaf Conductance

Plants of Lupinus cosentinii Guss. cv. Eregulla were grown in a sandy soil in large containers in a glasshouse and exposed to drought by withholding water. Under these conditions stomatal closure had previously been shown to be initiated before a significant reduction in leaf water potential was detected. In the experiments reported here, no significant changes were found in water potential or turgor pressure of roots or leaves when a small reduction in soil water potential was induced which led to a 60% reduction in leaf conductance. The decrease in leaf conductance and root water uptake closely paralleled the fraction of roots in wet soil. By applying observed data of soil water and root characteristics, and root water uptake for whole pots in a single-root model, the average water potential at the root surface was calculated. Potential differences for water transport in the soil-plant system, and the resistances to water flow were estimated using the 'Ohm's Law' analogy for water transport. Soil resistance was negligible or minor, whereas the root resistance accounted for 61-72% and the shoot resistance accounted for about 30% of the total resistance. The validity of the measurements and calculations is discussed and the possible role of root- to-shoot communication raised.

Responses to drought of five Brachiaria species. II. Water relations and leaf gas exchange

2004 ◽  
Vol 258 (1) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Guenni ◽  
Zdravko Baruch ◽  
Douglas Marín
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange

scholarly journals Stability of tropical forest tree carbon‐water relations in a rainfall exclusion treatment through shifts in effective water uptake depth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandria L. Pivovaroff ◽  
Nate G. McDowell ◽  
Tayana Barrozo Rodrigues ◽  
Tim Brodribb ◽  
Lucas A. Cernusak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Effective Water

scholarly journals Glucanase-Induced Stipe Wall Extension Shows Distinct Differences from Chitinase-Induced Stipe Wall Extension of Coprinopsis cinerea

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqin Kang ◽  
Jiangsheng Zhou ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Xingwei Zhang ◽  
Cuicui Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Elongation Growth ◽  
Extension Rate ◽  
Coprinopsis Cinerea ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Cell Wall Extension ◽  
Stipe Elongation ◽  
Extension Activity

ABSTRACT This study reports that a high concentration of the endo-β-1,3-glucanase ENG (200 μg ml−1) induced heat-inactivated stipe wall extension of Coprinopsis cinerea, whereas a high concentration of the extracellular β-glucosidase BGL2 (1,000 μg ml−1) did not; however, in combination, low concentrations of ENG (25 μg ml−1) and BGL2 (260 μg ml−1) induced heat-inactivated stipe cell wall extension. In contrast to the previously reported chitinase-reconstituted stipe wall extension, β-1,3-glucanase-reconstituted heat-inactivated stipe cell wall extension initially exhibited a fast extension rate that quickly decreased to zero after approximately 60 min; the stipe cell wall extension induced by a high concentration of β-1,3-glucanase did not result in stipe breakage during measurement, and the inner surfaces of glucanase-reconstituted extended cell walls still remained as amorphous matrices that did not appear to have been damaged. These distinctive features of the β-1,3-glucanase-reconstituted wall extension may be because chitin chains are cross-linked not only to the nonreducing termini of the side chains and the backbones of β-1,6 branched β-1,3-glucans but also to other polysaccharides. Remarkably, a low concentration of either the β-1,3-glucanase ENG or of chitinase ChiE1 did not induce heat-inactivated stipe wall extension, but a combination of these two enzymes, each at a low concentration, showed stipe cell wall extension activity that exhibited a steady and continuous wall extension profile. Therefore, we concluded that the stipe cell wall extension is the result of the synergistic actions of glucanases and chitinases. IMPORTANCE We previously reported that the chitinase could induce stipe wall extension and was involved in stipe elongation growth of the mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea. In this study, we explored that β-1,3-glucanase also induced stipe cell wall extension. Interestingly, the extension profile and extended ultra-architecture of β-1,3-glucanase-reconstituted stipe wall were different from those of chitinase-reconstituted stipe wall. However, β-1,3-glucanase cooperated with chitinase to induce stipe cell wall extension. The significance of this synergy between glucanases and chitinases is that it enables a low concentration of active enzymes to induce wall extension, and the involvement of β-1,3-glucanases is necessary for the cell wall remodeling and the addition of new β-glucans during stipe elongation growth.

Water uptake and transport studies in PVP-PMMA hydrogels

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 430-441
Author(s):  
S.N.A. Wafa ◽  
L.N. Sim ◽  
Z. Radzi ◽  
N.A. Yahya ◽  
N.H.A. Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Transport Studies ◽  
Uptake And Transport

scholarly journals Differential Aquaporin Response to Distinct Effects of Two Zn Concentrations after Foliar Application in Pak Choi (Brassica rapa L.) Plants

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamideh Fatemi ◽  
Chokri Zaghdoud ◽  
Pedro A. Nortes ◽  
Micaela Carvajal ◽  
Maria del Carmen Martínez-Ballesta
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Zn Concentration

Zinc (Zn) is considered an essential element with beneficial effects on plant cells; however, as a heavy metal, it may induce adverse effects on plants if its concentration exceeds a threshold. In this work, the effects of short-term and prolonged application of low (25 µM) and high (500 µM) Zn concentrations on pak choi (Brassica rapa L.) plants were evaluated. For this, two experiments were conducted. In the first, the effects of short-term (15 h) and partial foliar application were evaluated, and in the second a long-term (15 day) foliar application was applied. The results indicate that at short-term, Zn may induce a rapid hydraulic signal from the sprayed leaves to the roots, leading to changes in root hydraulic conductance but without effects on the whole-leaf gas exchange parameters. Root accumulation of Zn may prevent leaf damage. The role of different root and leaf aquaporin isoforms in the mediation of this signal is discussed, since significant variations in PIP1 and PIP2 gene expression were observed. In the second experiment, low Zn concentration had a beneficial effect on plant growth and specific aquaporin isoforms were differentially regulated at the transcriptional level in the roots. By contrast, the high Zn concentration had a detrimental effect on growth, with reductions in the root hydraulic conductance, leaf photosynthesis rate and Ca2+ uptake in the roots. The abundance of the PIP1 isoforms was significantly increased during this response. Therefore, a 25 µM Zn dose resulted in a positive effect in pak choi growth through an increased root hydraulic conductance.

Leaf gas exchange, water relations, nutrient content and growth in citrus and olive seedlings under salinity

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Melgar ◽  
J. P. Syvertsen ◽  
V. Martinez ◽  
F. Garcia-Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Nutrient Content
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