scholarly journals The Cell Wall Proteome of Marchantia polymorpha Reveals Specificities Compared to Those of Flowering Plants

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Kolkas ◽  
Thierry Balliau ◽  
Josiane Chourré ◽  
Michel Zivy ◽  
Hervé Canut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Marchantia Polymorpha ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Polyphenol Oxidases ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Functional Classes ◽  
Cell Wall Proteome ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases

Primary plant cell walls are composite extracellular structures composed of three major classes of polysaccharides (pectins, hemicelluloses, and cellulose) and of proteins. The cell wall proteins (CWPs) play multiple roles during plant development and in response to environmental stresses by remodeling the polysaccharide and protein networks and acting in signaling processes. To date, the cell wall proteome has been mostly described in flowering plants and has revealed the diversity of the CWP families. In this article, we describe the cell wall proteome of an early divergent plant, Marchantia polymorpha, a Bryophyte which belong to one of the first plant species colonizing lands. It has been possible to identify 410 different CWPs from three development stages of the haploid gametophyte and they could be classified in the same functional classes as the CWPs of flowering plants. This result underlied the ability of M. polymorpha to sustain cell wall dynamics. However, some specificities of the M. polymorpha cell wall proteome could be highlighted, in particular the importance of oxido-reductases such as class III peroxidases and polyphenol oxidases, D-mannose binding lectins, and dirigent-like proteins. These proteins families could be related to the presence of specific compounds in the M. polymorpha cell walls, like mannans or phenolics. This work paves the way for functional studies to unravel the role of CWPs during M. polymorpha development and in response to environmental cues.

scholarly journals Class III peroxidases PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73 potentially target extensins during root hair growth in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Marzol ◽  
Cecilia Borassi ◽  
Philippe Ranocha ◽  
Ariel. A. Aptekman ◽  
Mauro Bringas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases ◽  
Root Hair Cells

AbstractRoot hair cells are important sensors of soil conditions. Expanding several hundred times their original size, root hairs grow towards and absorb water-soluble nutrients. This rapid growth is oscillatory and is mediated by continuous remodelling of the cell wall. Root hair cell walls contain polysaccharides and hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins including extensins (EXTs).Class-III peroxidases (PRXs) are secreted into the apoplastic space and are thought to trigger either cell wall loosening, mediated by oxygen radical species, or polymerization of cell wall components, including the Tyr-mediated assembly of EXT networks (EXT-PRXs). The precise role of these EXT-PRXs is unknown.Using genetic, biochemical, and modeling approaches, we identified and characterized three root hair-specific putative EXT-PRXs, PRX01, PRX44, and PRX73. The triple mutant prx01,44,73 and the PRX44 and PRX73 overexpressors had opposite phenotypes with respect to root hair growth, peroxidase activity and ROS production with a clear impact on cell wall thickness.Modeling and docking calculations suggested that these three putative EXT-PRXs may interact with non-O-glycosylated sections of EXT peptides that reduce the Tyr-to-Tyr intra-chain distances in EXT aggregates and thereby may enhance Tyr crosslinking. These results suggest that these three putative EXT-PRXs control cell wall properties during the polar expansion of root hair cells.

Coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity of a cell-wall-located class III peroxidase

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ros Barceló ◽  
G. J. Aznar-Asensio
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Oxidase Activity ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Alcohol Oxidase ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Coniferyl Alcohol ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Apparent Homogeneity

Coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity was determined in cell walls from hypocotyls of the following species belonging to the family Asteraceae: Calendula officinalis, Callistephus sinensis, Cosmos bipinnanthus, Helianthus annuus, Helianthus debilis and Zinnia elegans. In all the cases studied, coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity was partially located ionically-bound to cell walls and resided in a basic peroxidase, the activity of which was stimulated by H 2 O 2 . This enzymatic activity was insensitive to freezing and was inactivated by high H 2 O 2 concentrations, as tested both in vitro and in situ by using purified cell wall fractions. The peroxidase with coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity was purified from Z. elegans hypocotyls until apparent homogeneity, as checked by SDS-PAGE. It showed a visible spectrum typical of a haem-containing high-spin ferric secretory (class III) plant peroxidase. Coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity of this basic peroxidase constitutes about 0.25% of the activity shown in the presence of H 2 O 2 . The significance of the coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity in vivo was studied in Z. elegans hypocotyls by means of histochemical tests, which revealed that it was located in the H 2 O 2 -producing lignifying xylem cells. The results obtained from the histochemical probes suggest that the coniferyl alcohol oxidase activity of this basic peroxidase is physiologically irrelevant in tissues that accumulate H 2 O 2 , as is the case of the lignifying xylem, where the peroxidase activity of the enzyme favorably competes with the oxidase activity of the enzyme.

Class III peroxidases in cellulose deficient cultured maize cells during cell wall remodeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 164 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romina Martínez-Rubio ◽  
José Luis Acebes ◽  
Antonio Encina ◽  
Anna Kärkönen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cell Wall Remodeling ◽  
Class Iii Peroxidases

Silicification of wood-cell walls

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
S. E. Keckler ◽  
D. M. Dabbs ◽  
N. Yao ◽  
I. A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Resin Composite ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Cellulose Fibers ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Rich Region ◽  
Inorganic Precursors

Cellular organic structures such as wood can be used as scaffolds for the synthesis of complex structures of organic/ceramic nanocomposites. The wood cell is a fiber-reinforced resin composite of cellulose fibers in a lignin matrix. A single cell wall, containing several layers of different fiber orientations and lignin content, is separated from its neighboring wall by the middle lamella, a lignin-rich region. In order to achieve total mineralization, deposition on and in the cell wall must be achieved. Geological fossilization of wood occurs as permineralization (filling the void spaces with mineral) and petrifaction (mineralizing the cell wall as the organic component decays) through infiltration of wood with inorganics after growth. Conversely, living plants can incorporate inorganics into their cells and in some cases into the cell walls during growth. In a recent study, we mimicked geological fossilization by infiltrating inorganic precursors into wood cells in order to enhance the properties of wood. In the current work, we use electron microscopy to examine the structure of silica formed in the cell walls after infiltration of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS).

Histological aspects of the cryopreservation of potato

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
P. Pepó ◽  
A. Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Adaptive Mechanism ◽  
Epidermal Layer ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Meristematic Cells ◽  
Suitable Solution ◽  
Vacuolated Cells

Cryopreservation appears to be a suitable solution for the maintenance of potato germplasms. The protocol described in this paper can be applied for the vitrification and preservation of meristems. During histo-cytological studies it is possible to observe modifications at the cellular level and to understand the adaptive mechanism to low temperatures. Control potato meristem tissue contained a number of meristematic cells with a gradient of differentiation. After freezing there were a large number of vacuolated cells, some of which exhibited broken cell walls and plasmolysis. The thickening of the cell wall, giving them a sinuous appearance, was observed after freezing and thawing the meristems, with ruptures of the cuticle and epidermal layer.

scholarly journals Plant Cell Wall Hydration and Plant Physiology: An Exploration of the Consequences of Direct Effects of Water Deficit on the Plant Cell Wall

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1263
Author(s):  
David Stuart Thompson ◽  
Azharul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bacterial Cellulose ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Walls ◽  
Cell Wall Polysaccharides ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Cellulose Composites

The extensibility of synthetic polymers is routinely modulated by the addition of lower molecular weight spacing molecules known as plasticizers, and there is some evidence that water may have similar effects on plant cell walls. Furthermore, it appears that changes in wall hydration could affect wall behavior to a degree that seems likely to have physiological consequences at water potentials that many plants would experience under field conditions. Osmotica large enough to be excluded from plant cell walls and bacterial cellulose composites with other cell wall polysaccharides were used to alter their water content and to demonstrate that the relationship between water potential and degree of hydration of these materials is affected by their composition. Additionally, it was found that expansins facilitate rehydration of bacterial cellulose and cellulose composites and cause swelling of plant cell wall fragments in suspension and that these responses are also affected by polysaccharide composition. Given these observations, it seems probable that plant environmental responses include measures to regulate cell wall water content or mitigate the consequences of changes in wall hydration and that it may be possible to exploit such mechanisms to improve crop resilience.

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