scholarly journals Leaf Induction Impacts Behavior and Performance of a Pollinating Herbivore

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deidra J. Jacobsen ◽  
Robert A. Raguso
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
And Control ◽  
Artificial Flowers

Flowering plants use volatiles to attract pollinators while deterring herbivores. Vegetative and floral traits may interact to affect insect behavior. Pollinator behavior is most likely influenced by leaf traits when larval stages interact with plants in different ways than adult stages, such as when larvae are leaf herbivores but adult moths visit flowers as pollinators. Here, we determine how leaf induction and corresponding volatile differences in induced plants influence behavior in adult moths and whether these preferences align with larval performance. We manipulated vegetative induction in four Nicotiana species. Using paired induced and control plants of the same species with standardized artificial flowers, we measured foraging and oviposition choices by their ecologically and economically important herbivore/pollinator, Manduca sexta. In parallel, we measured growth rates of M. sexta larvae fed leaves from control or induced plants to determine if this was consistent with female oviposition preference. Lastly, we used plant headspace collections and gas chromatography to quantify volatile compounds from both induced and control leaves to link changes in plant chemistry with moth behavior. In the absence of floral chemical cues, vegetative defensive status influenced adult moth foraging preference from artificial flowers in one species (N. excelsior), where females nectared from induced plants more often than control plants. Plant vegetative resistance consistently influenced oviposition choice such that moths deposited more eggs on control plants than on induced plants of all four species. This oviposition preference for control plants aligned with higher larval growth rates on control leaves compared with induced leaves. Control and induced plants of each species had similar leaf volatile profiles, but induced plants had higher emission levels. Leaves of N. excelsior produced the most volatile compounds, including some inducible compounds typically associated with floral scent. We demonstrate that vegetative plant defensive volatiles play a role in host plant selection and that insects assess information from leaves differently when choosing between nectaring and oviposition locations. These results underscore the complex interactions between plants, their pollinators, and herbivores.

scholarly journals Ant-Related Oviposition and Larval Performance in a Myrmecophilous Lycaenid

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Trager ◽  
Matthew D. Thom ◽  
Jaret C. Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Interspecific Interactions ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Miami Blue Butterfly ◽  
Measures Of Performance

We experimentally assessed ant-related oviposition and larval performance in the Miami blue butterfly (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri). Ant tending had sex-dependent effects on most measures of larval growth: female larvae generally benefitted from increased tending frequency whereas male larvae were usually unaffected. The larger size of female larvae tended by ants resulted in a substantial predicted increase in lifetime egg production. Oviposition by adult females that were tended byC. floridanusants as larvae was similar between host plants with or without ants. However, they laid relatively more eggs on plants with ants than did females raised without ants, which laid less than a third of their eggs on plants with ants present. In summary, we found conditional benefits for larvae tended by ants that were not accompanied by oviposition preference for plants with ants present, which is a reasonable result for a system in which ant presence at the time of oviposition is not a reliable indicator of future ant presence. More broadly, our results emphasize the importance of considering the consequences of variation in interspecific interactions, life history traits, and multiple measures of performance when evaluating the costs and benefits of mutualistic relationships.

Intra- and inter-clonal variation in gypsy moth larval performance on bigtooth and trembling aspen

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 1676-1683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charley A. Chilcote ◽  
John A. Witter ◽  
Michael E. Montgomery ◽  
Jennifer L. Stoyenoff
Keyword(s):  
Gypsy Moth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Clonal Variation ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Lower Growth ◽  
Relative Growth Rates ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Window Of Vulnerability

A field study on the effects of interclonal and intraclonal variations of aspens on the performance of gypsy moth, Lymantriadispar (L.), was conducted in Michigan during 1988 and 1989. Study species were trembling aspen, Populustremuloides Michx., and bigtooth aspen, Populusgrandidentata Michx. Larvae were caged on intact host trees in the field in fine mesh bags. We examined the leaf phenological development of aspen clones and its relationship to a number of insect parameters: larval weight, relative growth rates, survival, and pupal weights. Interclonal variations in larval growth on trembling aspen clones and bigtooth aspen clones were high in 1988 and 1989. Leaf phenological differences between clones also were highly significant. These differences in leaf phenology led to a window of vulnerability existing for each clone. While insects that initiated feeding on phenologically delayed clones had poorer survival and lower growth rates than did larvae on more phenologically advanced clones, later in the season these larvae were able to catch up as the phenology of delayed clones caught up to that of more advanced clones. Because of this, pupal weights did not show significant effects of clones. Intraclonal variation in larval growth was extremely low for all growth periods. While there were significant differences in phenology between ramets within clones, the variation was much less than the variation seen in phenological differences between clones. Phenology of caged branches within a tree did not vary significantly for either species.

Effect of learning on the oviposition preference of field-collected and laboratory-reared Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) populations

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Glas ◽  
J. van den Berg ◽  
R.P.J. Potting
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Chilo Partellus ◽  
Habitat Management ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Vetiver Grass ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
Trap Crop ◽  
Oviposition Choice

AbstractRecent studies show that Vetiver grass, (Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash), may have potential as a dead-end trap crop in an overall habitat management strategy for the spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Vetiver grass is highly preferred for oviposition, in spite of the fact that larval survival is extremely low on this grass. The oviposition behaviour of female Chilo partellus moths was investigated by determining the amount and size of egg batches allocated to maize and Vetiver plants and studying the effect of rearing conditions and oviposition experience on host plant selection. Two-choice preference tests were used to examine the effect of experience of maize (a suitable host plant) and Vetiver plants on the oviposition choice of C. partellus. For both field-collected and laboratory-reared moths, no significant differences were found in the preference distributions between the experienced groups. It is concluded that females do not learn, i.e. that they do not change their preference for Vetiver grass after having experienced oviposition on either maize or this grass, which supports the idea that trap cropping could have potential as a control method for C. partellus. Differences observed between field-collected and laboratory-reared moths in the amount and size of egg batches laid on maize and Vetiver grass indicate that data obtained from experiments with laboratory-reared insects should be treated with caution.

scholarly journals Response of the galling insect Aciurina trixa Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) to host plant quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo W. Fernandes ◽  
Peter W. Price ◽  
Silmary J. Gonçalves-Alvim ◽  
Timoty P. Craig ◽  
Douglas Yanega
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Oviposition Behavior ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Chrysothamnus Nauseosus ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Plant Gall ◽  
And Control

Female host plant selection, oviposition behavior, and offspring performance of the gall-forming tephritid Aciurina trixa Curran (Diptera: Tephritidae) on NPK-fertilized and control plants of Chrysothamnus nauseosus hololeucus Pall. (Britton) (Asteraceae) were studied in northern Arizona, USA. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of females that selected control versus fertilized plants, and between the time to accept control versus treatment plants. Females laid fewer eggs and spent a longer time ovipositing on control plants than on treatment plants. Larval performance (measured as time of first gall appearance on plant, gall diameter, and larval weight) was not statistically different between fertilized and control plants (P > 0.05).

The missing links: larval and post-larval development of the ascoglossan opisthobranch Elysia viridis

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 1087-1094 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia D. Trowbridge
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Shell Length ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Larval Life ◽  
Codium Fragile ◽  
Planktotrophic Larvae ◽  
Algal Diet ◽  
Better Than

The stenophagous ascoglossan (=sacoglossan) opisthobranch Elysia viridis has long been a model organism for the study of endosymbiosis or kleptoplasty as well as one of the few herbivores to consume the introduced green macroalga Codium fragile on European shores. Larval and post-larval dynamics of the ascoglossan were investigated. Planktotrophic larvae of E. viridis grew at 5–10 μm d−1 (shell length) at 15°C on a unicellular algal diet (the cryptophyte Rhodomonas baltica); larvae became competent one month post-hatching. Effective feeding and chloroplast acquisition typically started within 2–3 d of metamorphosis. Slugs grew about 8 mm in the first month of post-larval life. During this period, juveniles held in the light did not grow faster or survive better than conspecifics held in the dark; thus, functional kleptoplasty did not occur during first three weeks of benthic life. While larval growth rates and the nature of metamorphic cues are consistent with those of many other opisthobranch species with planktotrophic larvae, measures of post-larval growth—particularly as it pertains to kleptoplasty—is a new contribution to opisthobranch biology.

Effects of water deficiency on preference and performance of an insect herbivore Ostrinia furnacalis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M.Y. Duan ◽  
H. Zhu ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
S.Y. Guo ◽  
H. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Precipitation Pattern ◽  
Ostrinia Furnacalis ◽  
Oviposition Choice ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Corn Borer ◽  
Limited Mobility ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
And Performance

Abstract With further climate change still expected, it is predicted to increase the frequency with plants will be water stressed, which subsequently influences phytophagous insects, particularly Lepidoptera with limited mobility of larvae. Previous studies have indicated that oviposition preference and offspring performance of Lepidoptera insects are sensitive to drought separately. However, the integration of their two properties is not always seen. Here, we evaluated changes in oviposition selection and offspring fitness of a Lepidoptera insect under three water-stressed treatments using a model agroecosystem consisting of maize Zea mays, and Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis. Results found that female O. furnacalis preferred to laying their eggs on well-watered maize, and then their offspring tended to survive better, attained bigger larvae mass, and developed more pupae and adults on the preferred maize. Oviposition selection of O. furnacalis positively correlated with height and leaf traits of maize, and offspring fitness positively related with water content and phytochemical traits of hosts. Overall, these results suggest that oviposition choice performed by O. furnacalis reflects the maximization of offspring fitness, supporting preference–performance hypothesis. This finding further highlights that the importance of simultaneous evaluation of performance and performance for water driving forces should be involved, in order to accurately predict population size of O. furnacalis under altered precipitation pattern.

PRE-MATERNAL ISOLATION EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOUR AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF OFFSPRING

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sackler ◽  
A. S. Weltman ◽  
R. Schwartz ◽  
P. Steinglass
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT This report was designed to determine combined effects of maternal endocrine imbalances and abnormal behaviour due to prolonged isolation stress of female mice on the behaviour, developmental growth rate and endocrine function of their offspring. Sixty female albino mice averaging 19 g were divided equally into isolated and control groups. The isolated females were housed singly; control females were maintained in groups of 2 mice per cage. After observation of behavioural and physiological effects characteristic of isolation stress in the test mice, all isolated and control mice were mated after a 6½ month experimental, isolation period. No differences were observed in fertility and fecundity of the two groups of mothers. Analyses of developmental growth rates of the litters of the isolated versus control mothers showed significantly lower body weights in the test offspring at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The body weights of the female offspring remained significantly lower from the 4th to 11th weeks. The effects on the body weights of the male offspring declined and were no longer statistically significant at the 5th to 11 weeks. Locomotor activity at 4½ and 8 weeks of age was markedly or significantly higher in the male and female mice from isolated mothers. Tail-blood samples taken prior to autopsy at 5 and 11 weeks of age revealed significant decreases in the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts of both sexes. At the two ages, the absolute and relative spleen and thymus weights of the male and female offspring were markedly and/or significantly lower than the values observed in counterpart young from control females. Significant decreases were also observed in the absolute gonadal organ weights of both sexes at 11 weeks of age. The various data indicated inhibited growth rates, heightened locomotor activity and evasiveness, as well as evidence of increased adrenocortical function in the offspring from test mothers. The gonadal weight decreases suggested retarded gonadal development. Further studies using split-litter techniques are required to differentiate the effects of prenatal endocrine imbalances versus postnatal maternal influence (i. e., nursing care) on the offspring.

Leaf traits influencing oviposition preference and larval performance ofCameraria ohridellaon native and novel host plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilla D'Costa ◽  
Monique S.J. Simmonds ◽  
Nigel Straw ◽  
Bastien Castagneyrol ◽  
Julia Koricheva
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Oviposition Preference ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
Novel Host

scholarly journals The effect of desferrioxamine on transferrin receptors, the cell cycle and growth rates of human leukaemic cells

1986 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Bomford ◽  
J Isaac ◽  
S Roberts ◽  
A Edwards ◽  
S Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Iron Chelator ◽  
Scatchard Analysis ◽  
Transferrin Receptors ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Leukaemic Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
And Control ◽  
Initial Binding

The effect of the iron chelator, desferrioxamine, on transferrin binding, growth rates and the cell cycle was investigated in the human leukaemic cell line, K562. At all concentrations of the chelator (2-50 microM) binding of 125I-transferrin was increased by 24 h and reached a maximum at 72-96 h. Maximum binding (6-8-fold increased) occurred in cells treated with 20 microM-desferrioxamine, in contrast with control cells which, at 96 h, showed a 50% decrease over initial binding. Scatchard analysis at 4 degrees C showed that this increased binding was due to an increase in the number of receptors, as the Kd was similar in induced (1.8 nM) and control (1.5 nM) cells. After 96 h cells, cultured with 20 and 50 microM-desferrioxamine accumulated 59Fe from bovine transferrin at over twice the rate found with control cells, reflecting the increase in transferrin receptors. Although iron uptake was unimpaired by the chelator there was a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth, with control cells completing three divisions in 96 h and those in 10 microM-desferrioxamine only two divisions. At the highest concentration (50 microM), cell division was abrogated although cell viability was maintained (85%). In contrast, DNA synthesis was not markedly affected, except at 50 microM-desferrioxamine when incorporation of [3H]thymidine was 52% of that in control cells. Flow cytometry revealed that there was a progressive accumulation of the cells in the active phases of their cycle (S, G2 + M). Desferrioxamine may increase transferrin receptors in two ways: by chelating a regulatory pool of iron within the cell, and by arresting cells in S phase when receptors are maximally expressed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document