scholarly journals Referential Chains Reveal Predictive Processes and Form-to-Function Mapping: An Electroencephalographic Study Using Naturalistic Story Stimuli

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingmar Brilmayer ◽  
Petra B. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Double Function ◽  
Referential Expressions ◽  
Predictive Processes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Function Mapping

In discourse pragmatics, different referential forms are claimed to be indicative of the cognitive status of a referent in the current discourse. Referential expressions thereby possess a double function: They point back to an (existing) referent (form-to-function mapping), and they are used to derive predictions about a referent’s subsequent recurrence in discourse. Existing event-related potential (ERP) research has mainly focused on the form-to-function mapping of referential expression. In the present ERP study, we explore the relationship of form-to-function mapping and prediction derived from the antecedent of referential expressions in naturalistic auditory language comprehension. Specifically, the study investigates the relationship between the form of a referential expression (pronoun vs. noun) and the form of its antecedent (pronoun vs. noun); i.e., it examines the influence of the interplay of predictions derived from an antecedent (forward-looking function) and the form-to-function mapping of an anaphor (backward-looking function) on the ERPs time-locked to anaphoric expressions. The results in the time range of the P300 and N400 allow for a dissociation of these two functions during online language comprehension.

Challenging the relationship of grip strength with cognitive status in older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Hooyman ◽  
Michael Malek‐Ahmadi ◽  
Elizabeth B. Fauth ◽  
Sydney Y. Schaefer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Cognitive precursors of receptive vs. expressive language

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Smolak
Keyword(s):  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Language Production ◽  
Expressive Language ◽  
Object Permanence ◽  
Verbal Interaction ◽  
Comprehension Development ◽  
Cognitive Precursors ◽  
Expressive Language Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAlthough cognitive precursors of language production have received considerable attention, the relationship of cognitive development to language comprehension development remains unexplored. In the present research, the relationship of object permanence and classification skills to receptive, as well as expressive, language development was investigated in infants between 0; 9 and 1; 3. Results indicated that object permanence, classification, and parent–child verbal interaction ratings were about equally related to language comprehension functioning. No prerequisite stage of object permanence functioning could be discerned. On the other hand, object permanence was more strongly related to language production than were classification and verbal interaction. Furthermore, it appeared that a minimum of Stage 5 object permanence functioning was necessary prior to the onset of language production.

scholarly journals Combinatorial Syntagmatics: from the Theory of Valency to the Theory of Conceptual Integration

2018 ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
A. V. Korolyova
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Conceptual Integration ◽  
Complicated Problem ◽  
Language Level ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The topical and complicated problem of modern linguistics has been examined in the article. It deals with the study of the processes and mechanisms of creating new senses by the various combinations of both language signs among themselves and the transformation of the meanings of ready-made signs. This problem was begun to be solved in structural linguistics by the representatives of the theory of valency and the theory of distribution. The following conclusion has been made: developing in parallel as two directions of syntagmatics, both the theory of valency and the theory of distribution caused a lot of discussions on their correlation between them, as well as with the understanding of the problem of compatibility in general. However, their representatives agreed that these categories are in a relationship of matching: inclusion, cohesion and interdependence. They are represented with two levels of combinatorial syntagmatics: while the language level is more typical for valency, then the speech one is, predominantly, for distribution. The particular attention is paid to a new cognitive view of the essence of the valency and distribution. It helps to assume that both notions are broadly understood to be cognitive categories that reflect the ability of native speakers to associate certain language signs in a specific communicative situation, usually called the context. It is pointed out that the development of this problem was reflected in the works of representatives of compositional semantics. They first focused their attention on studying the relationship among the configurations of components of complex signs from the cognitive point of view. The arguments are given to justify a new stage in the development of combinatorial syntagmatics, developed by J. Fauconnier and M. Turner, the supporters of the theory of the conceptual integration. According to it the creation of new senses by the configuration of language signs occurs in the system of mental spaces – the mental spheres (cognitive contexts reflected in the consciousness of the carriers of a certain language), connected with the comprehension by a person of various situations and having a cognitive status, i.e. with the process of cognition of the phenomena of the surrounding reality.

The Relationship of Handwriting Speed, Working Memory, Language Comprehension and Outlines to Lecture Note-taking and Test-taking among College Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen T. Peverly ◽  
Pooja C. Vekaria ◽  
Lindsay A. Reddington ◽  
James F. Sumowski ◽  
Kamauru R. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Lecture Note ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Test Taking ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Handwriting Speed

scholarly journals Relationship Between Biodosimetric Parameters and Treatment Volumes in Three Types of Prostate Radiotherapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsa S. Kocsis ◽  
Tibor Major ◽  
Csilla Pesznyák ◽  
Dalma Mihály ◽  
Gábor Stelczer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Effect ◽  
External Beam Radiotherapy ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Prostate Radiotherapy ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Long Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Brachytherapy (BT) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) apply different dose rates, overall treatment times, energies, fractionation. However, the overall impact of these variables is neglected on the biological dose of blood. As the size of the irradiated volume also influences the biological effect, we studied chromosome aberrations (CAs) as biodosimetric parameters, and explored the relationship of isodose surface volumes (ISVs: V1%, V1Gy, V10%, V10Gy, V50Gy, V100%, V150%) and CAs in case of both irradiation modalities. We performed extended dicentrics assay of lymphocytes from 102 prostate radiotherapy patients three-monthly for a year. Aberration frequency was the highest after EBRT treatment. It increased after the therapy and did not decrease significantly during the first follow-up year. We showed that various types of CAs nine months after LDR BT, three months after HDR BT in a long time-range (even till one year) after EBRT positively correlated with ISVs. Regression analysis confirmed these relationships in case of HDR BT and EBRT. The observed differences in the time points and aberration types are discussed.The ISVs irradiated by EBRT showed stronger correlation and regression relationships with CAs than the ISVs of brachytherapy in spite of the fractionation.

scholarly journals T15. MISMATCH NEGATIVITY INDICES AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR FOR REMISSION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S236-S237
Author(s):  
Se-Hoon Shim ◽  
Eunsung Lim ◽  
Sung-Yong Park ◽  
Seung-Ho Jang ◽  
Won-Myong Bahk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Electrode Site ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Symptom Improvement ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Mismatch negativity (MMN) is an event-related potential component when a sequence of relatively standard stimuli is interrupted by the infrequent presentation of deviant stimuli. MMN is known to be associated with neuro-cognition and functional outcomes. Also, abnormally decreased MMN has often been reported in schizophrenia. Remission and recovery rates are related to the neuro-cognition of patients with schizophrenia. The present study explored the relationship of MMN with remission in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Forty patients with schizophrenia were recruited and divided into two groups, with or without remission, according to the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group criteria (RSWGcr). For assessments of symptom severity, cognitive function and functional outcome, scale such as Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), K-WAIS-IV, and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) were measured. MMN of the patients were evaluated at the frontocentral site. A regression analysis was used to identify the factors that significantly predicted symptom improvement and remission including MMN at frontal site assessed at baseline, and anticipated clinical variables as predictive factors. Results MMN amplitudes in frontal sites were further decreased in the groups without remission compared to the groups with remission. MMN amplitude was significantly correlated with measures of symptom change and functional outcome measurements in patients with schizophrenia. Regression analysis revealed that symptom severity and MMN significantly predicted remission in patients with schizophrenia. Symptom improvement significantly predicted PANSS at baseline, illness duration, and antipsychotic dose, as did MMN amplitude at frontal site. Discussion This study explored the relationship of MMN with remission in patients with schizophrenia. The remitted patients with schizophrenia showed larger MMN amplitude in frontal electrode site than those of non-remitted patients. MMN in frontal sites was correlated with symptom improvement and functional outcomes through PANSS and GAF scales. The present study found that MMN was significantly correlated with variables related to remission such as PANSS and GAF evaluated at 6 months later. MMN indexes appears to be a promising candidate for predicted factor of remission of schizophrenia.

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