scholarly journals Social-Ecological Predictors of Opioid Use Among Adolescents With Histories of Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsey M. Nichols ◽  
Jonathan A. Pedroza ◽  
Christopher M. Fleming ◽  
Kaitlin M. O’Brien ◽  
Emily E. Tanner-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Perceived Availability ◽  
Social Ecological

Adolescent opioid misuse is a public health crisis, particularly among clinical populations of youth with substance misuse histories. Given the negative and often lethal consequences associated with opioid misuse among adolescents, it is essential to identify the risk and protective factors underlying early opioid misuse to inform targeted prevention efforts. Understanding the role of parental risk and protective factors is particularly paramount during the developmental stage of adolescence. Using a social-ecological framework, this study explored the associations between individual, peer, family, community, and school-level risk and protective factors and opioid use among adolescents with histories of substance use disorders (SUDs). Further, we explored the potential moderating role of poor parental monitoring in the associations between the aforementioned risk and protective factors and adolescent opioid use. Participants included 294 adolescents (Mage = 16 years; 45% female) who were recently discharged from substance use treatment, and their parents (n = 323). Results indicated that lifetime opioid use was significantly more likely among adolescents endorsing antisocial traits and those whose parents reported histories of substance abuse. Additionally, adolescents reporting more perceived availability of substances were significantly more likely to report lifetime opioid use compared to those reporting lower perceived availability of substances. Results did not indicate any significant moderation effects of parental monitoring on any associations between risk factors and lifetime opioid use. Findings generally did not support social-ecological indicators of opioid use in this high-risk population of adolescents, signaling that the social-ecological variables tested may not be salient risk factors among adolescents with SUD histories. We discuss these findings in terms of continuing care options for adolescents with SUD histories that target adolescents’ antisocial traits, perceived availability of substances, and parent histories of substance abuse, including practical implications for working with families of adolescents with SUD histories.

Where is the social in the biopsychosocial model of suicide prevention?

2021 ◽  
pp. 002076402110272
Author(s):  
José Eduardo Rodríguez-Otero ◽  
Xiana Campos-Mouriño ◽  
David Meilán-Fernández ◽  
Sarai Pintos-Bailón ◽  
Graciela Cabo-Escribano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Prevention Policies

Background: Each year, around 800,000 people die by suicide. The prevalence of suicidal behaviors is much higher when suicidal attempts and persistent self-injurious ideation are included. Therefore, suicide is a public health concern. Research has been sensitive to this problem, deepening the study of risk factors and the development of theoretical frameworks of suicidal behavior, with the aim of generating effective suicide prevention policies around the biopsychosocial model. Aim: We aimed to explore the role of relational, community, and social factors in current suicide prevention strategies. Method: Studies of risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior and the consequent development of theoretical frameworks were reviewed to verify if this knowledge was really used in suicide prevention policies. Results: Studies of risk and protective factors focus mainly on the individual, while theoretical frameworks emphasize the role of the relational, community, and social. Suicide prevention strategies more closely follow individual models derived from studies of risk factors. Conclusions: Suicide prevention strategies should broaden their individual narrative to include relational, community, and social interventions as anti-suicide measures.

scholarly journals The psychology of chronic post-surgical pain: new frontiers in risk factor identification, prevention and management

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliza Z Weinrib ◽  
Muhammad A Azam ◽  
Kathryn A Birnie ◽  
Lindsay C Burns ◽  
Hance Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Psychological Interventions ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Postsurgical Pain ◽  
Psychological Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Postsurgical Pain ◽  
Psychological Risk

In an era of considerable advances in anaesthesiology and pain medicine, chronic pain after major surgery continues to be problematic. This article briefly reviews the known psychological risk and protective factors associated with the development of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP). We begin with a definition of CPSP and then explain what we mean by a risk/protective factor. Next, we summarize known psychological risk and protective factors for CPSP. Psychological interventions that target risk factors and may impact postsurgical pain are reviewed, including the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based approach to CPSP prevention and management we use in the Transitional Pain Service (TPS) at the Toronto General Hospital. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for research in risk factor identification and psychological interventions to prevent CPSP. Several pre-surgical psychological risk factors for CPSP have been consistently identified in recent years. These include negative affective constructs, such as anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, pain catastrophizing and general psychological distress. In contrast, relatively few studies have examined psychological protective factors for CPSP. Psychological interventions that target known psychological risk factors while enhancing protective psychological factors may reduce new incidence of CPSP. The primary goal of our ACT intervention is to teach patients a mindful way of responding to their postsurgical pain that empowers them to interrupt the negative cycle of pain, distress, behavioural avoidance and escalating opioid use that can limit functioning and quality of life while paradoxically amplifying pain over time. Early clinical outcome data suggest that patients who receive care from TPS physicians reduce their pain and opioid use, yet patients who also receive our ACT intervention have a larger decrease in daily opioid dose while reporting less pain interference and lower depression scores.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF RISK AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS ON TOBACCO, ALCOHOL AND DRUGS IN ADOLESCENCE

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Mafalda Ferreira ◽  
Margarida Gaspar de Matos ◽  
José Alves Diniz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The Public ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
Key Words Adolescence

The purpose of this study is to analyse the relation between risk and protective factor and substance use in adolescence, including tobacco use, drunkenness and consumption of illicit drugs. The sample included 3494 students, mean age 15 years old, in the 8th and 10th grades from the public school system, of primary and secondary schools in Portugal. Data collection was held within the HBSC (Health Behavior in School-aged Children) survey from 2010. For the purpose of this specific study, the questionnaire includes questions about risk and protective behaviors and substance use, namely tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drug consumption. Results confirmed that adolescents with higher levels of protective factors seem to consume fewer substances and adolescents who present higher levels of risk factors are more likely to consume all the substances in the study. There were statistically significant differences for the majority of risk and protective behaviours regarding tobacco, drunkenness and illicit drugs. Although risk factors have a higher impact on substance use, the existence of protective factors seems to fade such impact. Key words: adolescence, risk and protective factors, substance use.

scholarly journals The Role of Risk and Protective Factors in Substance Use Across Adolescence

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Cleveland ◽  
Mark E. Feinberg ◽  
Daniel E. Bontempo ◽  
Mark T. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

The Role of Different Aspects of Impulsivity as Independent Risk Factors for Substance Use Disorders in Patients with ADHD: A Review

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodin Ortal ◽  
van de Glind Geurt ◽  
Franck Johan ◽  
Berger Itai ◽  
Yachin Nir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Substance Use Disorders ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

scholarly journals Doctors and Nurses: A Systematic Review of the Risk and Protective Factors in Workplace Violence and Burnout

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3280
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Giménez Lozano ◽  
Juan Pedro Martínez Ramón ◽  
Francisco Manuel Morales Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
Authoritarian Leadership

The present study aims analyze the risk factors that lead to high levels of burnout among nurses and physicians and the protective factors that prevent them. Thus, it is also intended to explore the possible correlation between physical and verbal violence produced at work and the symptoms derived from burnout. Methods: The search was carried out on the Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science databases between 2000 and 2019 (on which date the bibliographic search ends). Descriptive studies estimating the prevalence of workplace violence and risk and protective factors and burnout were included. An adapted version of the Downs and Black quality checklist was used for article selection. 89.6 percent of the studies analysed were in the health sector. There is a significant correlation between burnout symptoms and physical violence at work. On the one hand, the risk factors that moderate this correlation were of structural/organisational type (social support, quality of the working environment, authoritarian leadership, little autonomy or long working days, etc.) and personal type (age, gender, nationality or academic degree, etc.). On the other hand, protective factors were the quality of the working environment, mutual support networks or coping strategies. The results were analysed in-depth and intervention strategies were proposed.

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