Products With High Purchase Frequency Require Greater Inhibitory Control: An Event-Related Potential Study

One’s past behavior influences their present behavior. The effects of such response history have often been tested using response inhibition tasks. Since previous studies have highlighted the effect of immediate action history formed directly before the subsequent response in a laboratory environment, we aimed to elucidate the longer-term effects of response history, using repetitive and habitual consumer behavior in daily life as the response history. We used event-related potentials recorded in a Go/No-go task to investigate brain activity related to inhibitory control, hypothesizing that stimuli with a high frequency of choice in everyday life would elicit stronger inhibition-related activity, that is, the No-go-N2 component. Participants were asked to evaluate the frequency of purchase and use of some products, such as food and drink or social networking services (SNS) in everyday situations. Images of each product were assigned as stimuli in the Go and No-go trials according to the frequency of choice. The results showed that frequently purchased No-go stimuli yielded a larger amplitude of the No-go-N2 component and a negative shift between 200 and 300ms after the presentation of No-go stimuli. The results suggest that frequently chosen products evoke stronger inhibition conflicts and require greater cognitive control to withhold a response. Our findings showed that repeated purchase behavior in daily life forms a response history and has a long-term influence on the inhibition of even simple approaching behaviors, such as button pressing.

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ERP CORE: An Open Resource for Human Event-Related Potential Research

10.31234/osf.io/4azqm ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Emily S. Kappenman ◽

Jaclyn Farrens ◽

Wendy Zhang ◽

Andrew X Stewart ◽

Steven J Luck

Keyword(s):

Data Processing ◽

Brain Activity ◽

A Priori ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Error Related Negativity ◽

Wide Range ◽

Experiment Control ◽

Related Potentials

Event-related potentials (ERPs) are noninvasive measures of human brain activity that index a range of sensory, cognitive, affective, and motor processes. Despite their broad application across basic and clinical research, there is little standardization of ERP paradigms and analysis protocols across studies. To address this, we created ERP CORE (Compendium of Open Resources and Experiments), a set of optimized paradigms, experiment control scripts, data processing pipelines, and sample data (N = 40 neurotypical young adults) for seven widely used ERP components: N170, mismatch negativity (MMN), N2pc, N400, P3, lateralized readiness potential (LRP), and error-related negativity (ERN). This resource makes it possible for researchers to 1) employ standardized ERP paradigms in their research, 2) apply carefully designed analysis pipelines and use a priori selected parameters for data processing, 3) rigorously assess the quality of their data, and 4) test new analytic techniques with standardized data from a wide range of paradigms.

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Time Course of Brain Activity during Change Blindness and Change Awareness: Performance is Predicted by Neural Events before Change Onset

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn.2006.18.12.2108 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 2108-2129 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Gilles Pourtois ◽

Michael De Pretto ◽

Claude-Alain Hauert ◽

Patrik Vuilleumier

Keyword(s):

Change Detection ◽

Neural Activity ◽

Time Course ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Change Blindness ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Distinct Pattern ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Visual Changes

People often remain “blind” to visual changes occurring during a brief interruption of the display. The processing stages responsible for such failure remain unresolved. We used event-related potentials to determine the time course of brain activity during conscious change detection versus change blindness. Participants saw two successive visual displays, each with two faces, and reported whether one of the faces changed between the first and second displays. Relative to blindness, change detection was associated with a distinct pattern of neural activity at several successive processing stages, including an enhanced occipital P1 response and a sustained frontal activity (CNV-like potential) after the first display, before the change itself. The amplitude of the N170 and P3 responses after the second visual display were also modulated by awareness of the face change. Furthermore, a unique topography of event-related potential activity was observed during correct change and correct no-change reports, but not during blindness, with a recurrent time course in the stimulus sequence and simultaneous sources in the parietal and temporo-occipital cortex. These results indicate that awareness of visual changes may depend on the attentional state subserved by coordinated neural activity in a distributed network, before the onset of the change itself.

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Effects of Trait Anxiety on Error Processing and Post-error Adjustments: An Event-Related Potential Study With Stop-Signal Task

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnhum.2021.650838 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Meng-Tien Hsieh ◽

Hsinjie Lu ◽

Chia-I Lin ◽

Tzu-Han Sun ◽

Yi-Ru Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Error Monitoring ◽

Error Awareness ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Error Perception

The present study aimed to use event-related potentials with the stop-signal task to investigate the effects of trait anxiety on inhibitory control, error monitoring, and post-error adjustments. The stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) was used to evaluate the behavioral competence of inhibitory control. Electrophysiological signals of error-related negativity (ERN) and error positivity (Pe) were used to study error perception and error awareness, respectively. Post-error slowing (PES) was applied to examine the behavioral adjustments after making errors. The results showed that SSRT and PES did not differ significantly between individuals with high trait anxiety (HTA) and those with low trait anxiety (LTA). However, individuals with HTA demonstrated reduced ERN amplitudes and prolonged Pe latencies than those with LTA. Prolonged Pe latencies were also significantly associated with poorer post-error adjustments. In conclusion, HTA led to reduced cortical responses to error monitoring. Furthermore, inefficient conscious awareness of errors might lead to maladaptive post-error adjustments.

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Binge drinking affects brain oscillations linked to motor inhibition and execution

Journal of Psychopharmacology ◽

10.1177/0269881116689258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 31 (7) ◽

pp. 873-882 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eduardo López-Caneda ◽

Socorro Rodríguez Holguín ◽

Ángeles Correas ◽

Carina Carbia ◽

Alberto González-Villar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Binge Drinking ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Drinking Patterns ◽

Motor Inhibition ◽

Brain Oscillations ◽

Oscillation Analysis ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Oscillatory Brain Activity

Introduction: Neurofunctional studies have shown that binge drinking patterns of alcohol consumption during adolescence and youth are associated with anomalies in brain functioning. Recent evidence suggests that event-related oscillations may be an appropriate index of neurofunctional damage associated with alcoholism. However, there is no study to date that has evaluated the effects of binge drinking on oscillatory brain responses related to task performance. The purpose of the present study was to examine brain oscillations linked to motor inhibition and execution in young binge drinkers (BDs) compared with age-matched controls. Methods: Electroencephalographic activity was recorded from 64 electrodes while 72 university students (36 controls and 36 BDs) performed a visual Go/NoGo task. Event-related oscillations along with the Go-P3 and NoGo-P3 event-related potential components were analysed. Results: While no significant differences between groups were observed regarding event-related potentials, event-related oscillation analysis showed that BDs displayed a lower oscillatory response than controls in delta and theta frequency ranges during Go and NoGo conditions. Conclusions: Findings are congruent with event-related oscillation studies showing reduced delta and/or theta oscillations in alcoholics during Go/NoGo tasks. Thus, BDs appear to show disruptions in neural oscillations linked to motor inhibition and execution similar to those observed in alcohol-dependent subjects. Finally, these results are the first to evidence that oscillatory brain activity may be a sensitive indicator of underlying brain anomalies in young BDs, which could complement standard event-related potential measures.

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Event-Related Potential Correlates of Biased Cognitive Processing and Control in Substance Abusers: A Review

Frontiers in Biomedical Technologies ◽

10.18502/fbt.v6i1.1102 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Khajehpour ◽

Fahimeh Mohagheghian ◽

Sepideh Bakht ◽

Nasser Samadzadehaghdam ◽

Ehsan Eqlimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Cognitive Processing ◽

Substance Abusers ◽

Cue Reactivity ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Error Processing ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Addiction Studies ◽

And Control

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) have been used in addiction studies to evaluate cognitive performance and craving in individuals with Substance Use Dependence (SUD). This paper reviews studies that used ERPs to investigate cue reactivity, inhibitory control and error processing in SUDs. Five abused substances are included in the investigation, i.e. alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine. For each substance, the main recent findings related to the ERPs are specifically discussed, according to the latency of ERPs. The results show that individuals with SUDs allocate more attention resources to the cognitive processing of substance-related cues, indexed by increased amplitude of middle and late latency ERPs. Laboratory observations also show amplitude enlargement for early latency ERPs. SUDs reveal a deficiency in the inhibitory control and conscious error processing, indexed by attenuated N2 and Pe amplitude. The cognitive and motor inhibitory component (P3) changes show a controversial result. This study expands the findings of previous related reviews implying that substance abusers allocate more attentional resources to drug cues indexed by enlarged P3 and LPP amplitude. Regarding P3 elicited in inhibitory control tasks, there is not still convergent results, while N2 and Pe become attenuated as reported in previous reviews. The outcomes also show that the chance of relapse to substance abuse could be predicted by recording ERPs reflecting inhibitory control and error processing.

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Inhibitory Control and Craving in Dual Disorders and Recurrent Substance Use. Preliminary Findings

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.569817 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Judith C. L. M. Beerten-Duijkers ◽

Constance Th. W. M. Vissers ◽

Mike Rinck ◽

Jos I. M. Egger

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Addictive Behavior ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Dual Disorders ◽

Treatment Indications ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Implicit And Explicit

Objective: In Dual Disorders (DD), which involves the co-occurrence of a disorder in substance use and a mental disorder, recurrent struggles with addictive behavior are frequent. Neuropsychological knowledge concerning the profile of inhibitory control and the irresistible urge to use substances (craving) within the DD patient group may contribute to the prevention of this recurrent addictive behavior.Methods: Inhibitory control and craving were assessed in 25 patients with DD and 25 healthy controls (HC). Inhibitory control tasks (Go/No-go task and Stop Signal Task) were performed combined with brain measurements (Event Related Potentials) mapping inhibitory control. Moreover, implicit and explicit measures concerning craving were administered. Statistical DD and HC comparisons, correlational and regression analyses on exploratory base were conducted.Results: DD patients committed more inhibitory control errors than HC when confronted with (alcohol) consumption-related picture stimuli. Furthermore, patients with DD showed higher levels of implicit and explicit craving. The number of inhibitory control errors was positively related to levels of implicit and explicit craving. Moreover, explicit craving and impulsivity (as a dimension of inhibitory control) predicted the severity of addictive behavior. Event Related Potential analyses did not show differences in inhibitory control-associated brain activity between DD patients and HC; both groups showed reduction of P300 amplitudes in response to alcohol pictures.Conclusions: Impulsivity and craving are elevated in DD patients and show predictive value for the severity of addictive behavior. One's level of impulsive action tendency may trigger less effort to control (recurrent) substance use. The findings may contribute to existing DD treatment indications by the promotion of impulse control training via “stop-think-act” methods for DD patients.

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Disentangling the Independent Contributions of Visual and Conceptual Features to the Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Scene Categorization

10.1101/2020.04.11.037127 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Michelle R. Greene ◽

Bruce C. Hansen

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Brain Activity ◽

Similarity Measures ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Scene Categorization ◽

Low Level ◽

Related Potentials ◽

Single Fixation ◽

High Level

AbstractHuman scene categorization is characterized by its remarkable speed. While many visual and conceptual features have been linked to this ability, significant correlations exist between feature spaces, impeding our ability to determine their relative contributions to scene categorization. Here, we employed a whitening transformation to decorrelate a variety of visual and conceptual features and assess the time course of their unique contributions to scene categorization. Participants (both sexes) viewed 2,250 full-color scene images drawn from 30 different scene categories while having their brain activity measured through 256-channel EEG. We examined the variance explained at each electrode and time point of visual event-related potential (vERP) data from nine different whitened encoding models. These ranged from low-level features obtained from filter outputs to high-level conceptual features requiring human annotation. The amount of category information in the vERPs was assessed through multivariate decoding methods. Behavioral similarity measures were obtained in separate crowdsourced experiments. We found that all nine models together contributed 78% of the variance of human scene similarity assessments and was within the noise ceiling of the vERP data. Low-level models explained earlier vERP variability (88 ms post-image onset), while high-level models explained later variance (169 ms). Critically, only high-level models shared vERP variability with behavior. Taken together, these results suggest that scene categorization is primarily a high-level process, but reliant on previously extracted low-level features.Significance StatementIn a single fixation, we glean enough information to describe a general scene category. Many types of features are associated with scene categories, ranging from low-level properties such as colors and contours, to high-level properties such as objects and attributes. Because these properties are correlated, it is difficult to understand each property’s unique contributions to scene categorization. This work uses a whitening transformation to remove the correlations between features and examines the extent to which each feature contributes to visual event-related potentials (vERPs) over time. We found that low-level visual features contributed first, but were not correlated with categorization behavior. High-level features followed 80 ms later, providing key insights into how the brain makes sense of a complex visual world.

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Neural dynamics of trainee teachers' emotional conflict processing: An event-related potential study

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (7) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Li Jin ◽

Xu Li ◽

Jiamei Lu ◽

Nianqu Chen ◽

Lin Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

School Context ◽

Event Related Potentials ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

The Body ◽

Educational Context ◽

Congruent Condition ◽

Slow Potential ◽

Emotional Conflict ◽

Trainee Teachers ◽

Related Potentials

We investigated emotional conflict in an educational context with an emotional body–word Stroop paradigm, examining whether the N450 (a late fronto-central phasic negative event-related potential signature) and slow potential (SP) effects could be evoked in trainee teachers. The N450 effect is characterized by topography and negative polarity of an incongruent minus congruent difference potential, and the SP effect has positive polarity (incongruent minus congruent difference potential). Positive and negative body language examples were obtained from pupils in an actual school context, and emotional words were selected. Compound stimuli were presented, each comprising a congruent or incongruent word displayed across a body image. Event-related potentials were recorded while participants judged body expression valence. Reaction times were longer and accuracies were lower for the incongruent compared to the congruent condition. The N450 component amplitude in the incongruent condition was more negative than in the congruent condition. Results showed a behavioral interference effect and an N450 effect for trainee teachers in this context, thus indicating that the body–word task was efficient in assessing emotional conflict in an educational context, and trainee teachers' perception of body expressions of students could be influenced by emotional signals. The findings further the understanding of emotional conflict in an educational context.

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Eliciting and Recording Event Related Potentials (ERPs) in Behaviourally Unresponsive Populations: A Retrospective Commentary on Critical Factors

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11070835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 835

Author(s):

Alexander Rokos ◽

Richard Mah ◽

Rober Boshra ◽

Amabilis Harrison ◽

Tsee Leng Choy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Event Related Potentials ◽

Stimulus Presentation ◽

Event Related Potential ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Healthy Elderly ◽

States Of Consciousness ◽

Long Latency ◽

Eeg Data ◽

Related Potentials ◽

The Relationship

A consistent limitation when designing event-related potential paradigms and interpreting results is a lack of consideration of the multivariate factors that affect their elicitation and detection in behaviorally unresponsive individuals. This paper provides a retrospective commentary on three factors that influence the presence and morphology of long-latency event-related potentials—the P3b and N400. We analyze event-related potentials derived from electroencephalographic (EEG) data collected from small groups of healthy youth and healthy elderly to illustrate the effect of paradigm strength and subject age; we analyze ERPs collected from an individual with severe traumatic brain injury to illustrate the effect of stimulus presentation speed. Based on these critical factors, we support that: (1) the strongest paradigms should be used to elicit event-related potentials in unresponsive populations; (2) interpretation of event-related potential results should account for participant age; and (3) speed of stimulus presentation should be slower in unresponsive individuals. The application of these practices when eliciting and recording event-related potentials in unresponsive individuals will help to minimize result interpretation ambiguity, increase confidence in conclusions, and advance the understanding of the relationship between long-latency event-related potentials and states of consciousness.

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