scholarly journals A Review of Functions of Speculative Thinking

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lun Huang ◽  
Yibo Xie ◽  
Xiaolin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Counterfactual Thinking ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Temporal Asymmetry ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Traditional Function

Speculative thinking refers to thinking about past or future possibilities; it includes counterfactual thinking, prefactual thinking, and other types. In this narrative review, we discuss the traditional function of speculative thinking in improving future performance (i.e., the preparatory function). We also explore several non-preparatory functions of speculative thinking that have not been widely covered, namely the functions of conveying information and of supporting lying. In addition, we address temporal asymmetry; one perspective focuses on psychological distance in speculative thinking about the past and future, while another focuses on temporal asymmetry and reality/hypothetical differences in the preparatory function of speculative thinking. Overall, this review suggests that a broader functional theory is needed to address non-preparatory functions and the traditional preparatory function. Such a theory should cover all speculative thinking about the past and future rather than simply counterfactual thinking.

Pharmaceutical Innovation in the United States: Factors Affecting Future Performance

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Cost Containment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Past ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Regulatory Strategy

AbstractFueled by high returns on its investments, the pharmaceutical industry in the United States has flourished for the past 50 years. The regulatory strategy of demanding stringent testing then allowing market-based pricing has allowed private companies to fund ambitious research and development activities with the assurance that these investments will be recovered. However, aggressive managed-care cost-containment strategies threaten the companies' ability to recoup research and development expenses and may affect their willingness to invest in future innovative research.

Modification on TiO2-a Photosensitive Material

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Miao Sun ◽  
Yong Hu ◽  
Hua Guo
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Band Gap ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
First Principle ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Photosensitive Material ◽  
The Past ◽  
Light Area

TiO2, as photosensitive materials, has attracted much attention owing to its potential application in the solution of environmental pollution during the past decades. Four doped TiO2systems were constructed and studied by using the first principle based Density Functional Theory .The results indicate that P-doped and N-doped TiO2all have better light absorption in the visible light area than pristine TiO2although the band gap of N-doped system reduced less. However, the band gap of F-doped and Cl-doped TiO2increase a little, which causing the absorption to decrease. We suggest from the results that the P atom and N atom are valuable in the modification of TiO2.

scholarly journals Gratitude in Health Care: A Meta-narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 2303-2315
Author(s):  
Giskin Day ◽  
Glenn Robert ◽  
Anne Marie Rafferty
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Care Ethics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Care Provision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Developing Area

Research into gratitude as a significant sociological and psychological phenomenon has proliferated in the past two decades. However, there is little consensus on how it should be conceptualized or investigated empirically. We present a meta-narrative review that focuses on gratitude in health care, with an emphasis on research exploring interpersonal experiences in the context of care provision. Six meta-narratives from literatures across the humanities, sciences, and medicine are identified, contextualized, and discussed: gratitude as social capital; gifts; care ethics; benefits of gratitude; gratitude and staff well-being; and gratitude as an indicator of quality of care. Meta-narrative review was a valuable framework for making sense of theoretical antecedents and findings in this developing area of research. We conclude that greater attention needs to be given to what constitutes “evidence” in gratitude research and call for qualitative studies to better understand and shape the role and implications of gratitude in health care.

A Narrative Review of the Literature on Recovery From Intimate Partner Violence: Developmental Processes and Facilitating Elements

Partner Abuse ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56
Author(s):  
Paulina Flasch
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Spiritual Healing ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Developmental Phases

The author utilized a narrative review to synthesize research on the recovery process of intimate partner violence (IPV) and introduced a continuum model that addressed developmental phases and specific elements. Developmental aspects of IPV recovery are summarized as (a) disentangling from the past, (b) coping with the present, and (c) moving toward the future. Recovery-facilitating elements are (a) informal and formal social supports and relationships; (b) psychological, emotional, and spiritual healing; (c) resources and education; and (d) social action and advocacy. Better understanding of IPV trauma and recovery may aid practitioners in assessment, conceptualization, and treatment. Further, it may aid survivors in better comprehending their unique recovery journeys

scholarly journals Exploring the Nature of Counterfactual Thinking and Their Perceived Consequences in an Elite Sporting Context: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack A. G. Marlow ◽  
Mark Uphill
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Counterfactual Thinking ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Problem Solve

This study explored the characteristics, contextual factors and consequences of counterfactual thoughts in seven elite athletes using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Counterfactuals were experienced regularly with self-directed and upward counterfactuals (cognitions about how things could be better) being most frequent. These upward counterfactuals typically occurred following performance that was below participants’ goals and expectations. These thoughts were perceived by participants to have a negative affect initially, and that they then led to facilitative behavioral consequences around learning and development. Some elements of counterfactual thinking could be used as a useful reflective tool to encourage elite athletes to problem solve and motivate cognitive, emotional and behavioral change to enhance future performance.

scholarly journals Density functional theory across chemistry, physics and biology

2014 ◽  
Vol 372 (2011) ◽  
pp. 20120488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja van Mourik ◽  
Michael Bühl ◽  
Marie-Pierre Gaigeot
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computational Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Computational Quantum

The past decades have seen density functional theory (DFT) evolve from a rising star in computational quantum chemistry to one of its major players. This Theme Issue, which comes half a century after the publication of the Hohenberg–Kohn theorems that laid the foundations of modern DFT, reviews progress and challenges in present-day DFT research. Rather than trying to be comprehensive, this Theme Issue attempts to give a flavour of selected aspects of DFT.

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