scholarly journals Metric Goodness and Measurement Invariance of the Italian Brief Version of Interpersonal Reactivity Index: A Study With Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Diotaiuti ◽  
Giuseppe Valente ◽  
Stefania Mancone ◽  
Angela Grambone ◽  
Andrea Chirico
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Multidimensional Measure

The Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) is a widely used multidimensional measure to assess empathy across four main dimensions: perspective taking (PT) empathic concern (EC) personal distress (PD) fantasy (F). This study aimed to replicate the Italian validation process of the shortened IRI (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) scale in order to confirm its psychometric properties with a sample of young adults. The Gender Measurement Invariance of empathy in this age group was also an objective of the work in order to increase the data on this aspect. A total of 683 Italian university students participated in a non-probabilistic sampling. The 16-item version was confirmed in its four-factor structure but with changes to some items. The model showed good fits with both the CFA and the gender Measurement Invariance. The internal consistency measures were found to be fully satisfactory. Convergent validity was tested by the correlations with the Prosocialness Scale for Adults and The Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. As hypothesized the measure proved good convergent validity with Prosocialness, i.e., the willingness to assist, help, share, care and empathy with others, and a relevant inverse association with the External Oriented Thinking, characterizing individuals with emotionally poor thinking. This research provided additional evidence for a link between alexithymia and poor empathic abilities in young adults.

scholarly journals Religiosity and Psychotic Ideation in Stable Schizophrenia: A Role for Empathic Perspective-Taking

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Rosó Duñó ◽  
Joan Carles Oliva ◽  
Adolf Tobeña ◽  
Diego Palao ◽  
Javier Labad
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between religiosity and different components of empathy was explored in schizophrenia patients. A total of 81 stable schizophrenia patients and 95 controls from the nearby community completed self-reported questionnaires assessing religiosity and empathy (through the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, IRI). Patients with schizophrenia showed higher religiousness than controls and they presented less perspective-taking and empathic concern but increased personal distress in IRI scores. Regression analyses unveiled an association between religiosity and perspective-taking in schizophrenics after adjusting for age, gender, and psychotic symptoms. In conclusion, religiosity in patients with schizophrenia may be linked to variations in perspective- taking as a component of empathy.

scholarly journals The Work Gratitude Scale: Development and Evaluation of a Multidimensional Measure

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn M. Youssef-Morgan ◽  
Llewellyn E. van Zyl ◽  
Barbara L. Ahrens
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
First Order ◽  
Multidimensional Measure

This study explores gratitude as a multidimensional and work-specific construct. Utilizing a sample of 625 employees from a variety of positions in a medium-sized school district in the United States, we developed and evaluated a new measure, namely the Work Gratitude Scale (WGS), which encompasses recognized conative (intentional), cognitive, affective, and social aspects of gratitude. A systematic, six-phased approach through structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to explore and confirm the factorial structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the WGS. The results supported a 10-item measure with three dimensions: “grateful appraisals” (three items), “gratitude toward others” (four items), and “intentional attitude of gratitude” (three items). Thereafter, first-order, second-order, and bifactor confirmatory models were estimated and compared. Work gratitude was found to be best described by a second-order construct with three underlying first-order dimensions. Measurement invariance was supported in relation to gender. Concurrent validity was supported in relation to two existing dispositional gratitude scales, namely the Gratitude Questionnaire and the Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Scale (GRAT). Convergent validity was supported in relation to the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and the Psychological Capital Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was supported in relation to various demographic factors such as age, gender, occupation, and tenure. The findings support the WGS as a multidimensional measure that can be used in practice to measure overall work-related gratitude and to track the effectiveness of gratitude-related workplace interventions.

scholarly journals Is Christian Faith a Predictor for Empathy?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-310
Author(s):  
Valentin Lupu
Keyword(s):  
Daily Practice ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Christian Faith ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
The Core ◽  
Multidimensional Measure ◽  
Romanian Population ◽  
Core Value

Abstract According to the last census, the majority of the Romanian population officially declares itself as Christian. The core value of Christianity is love and compassion towards your neighbour. The objective of this study was to see if there is a correlation between Christian faith and empathy. The study was conducted on Romanian students. We had three groups of students: Atheists/Other Religions, Nominal Christians and Christians who daily practice their faith. For the assessing of empathy we used Davis’s (1980) Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), a self-report instrument and a multidimensional measure of empathy. A comparison of the IRI scores of the three student groups reveals that faith appears to be a predictor of empathy

scholarly journals Bilingualism Enhances Reported Perspective Taking in Men, but Not in Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Tarighat ◽  
Andrea Krott
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Typical Result ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Males And Females

Bilingual speakers have often been found to be superior in taking the perspective of another person. Also, females are commonly found to have enhanced perspective taking (PT) abilities compared with males, with male PT being generally more easily affected by external factors. The present study investigated whether bilingualism improves PT in males more strongly than in females. In total, 108 bilingual and 108 matched monolingual adults, with equal numbers of males and females, filled in the PT subscale of the Interpersonal Reactivity index. While monolinguals showed the typical result of females scoring higher on PT than males, scores of male and female bilinguals did not differ, with both bilingual groups scoring as high as female monolinguals. Thus, bilingualism enhanced self-reported PT only in males, suggesting that male PT can be enhanced through socialization.

scholarly journals Network analysis of empathy items from the interpersonal reactivity index in 1973 young adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Briganti ◽  
Chantal Kempenaers ◽  
Stéphanie Braun ◽  
Eiko I. Fried ◽  
Paul Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Parents' Judgments and Students' Self-Judgments of Empathy

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Cliffordson
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Empathic Concern ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Factorial Structure ◽  
Personal Distress ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index

Summary: A sample of 221 adolescents and their parents were asked to complete the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1980 ), which is comprised of four subscales: empathic concern, perspective taking, fantasy, and personal distress; and a global-item measure containing four items, one for each subscale. The factorial structure that emerged in a previous study ( Cliffordson, 2000 ) involving the students was tested on ratings provided by their parents. The results from the IRI scale were also compared to results from the global-item measure. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the structure of empathy and the agreement of self/other judgments. The results support the conclusions from the previous study that the concept of empathy can be considered to be identical to empathic concern, which also explains a great deal of perspective taking and fantasy. The agreement between the students' and their parents' judgments was substantial, and there are several reasons to believe that the interjudge agreement obtained is accurate.

scholarly journals Network analysis of empathy items from the Interpersonal Reactivity Index in 1973 young adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Briganti ◽  
Chantal Kempenaers ◽  
Stephanie Braun ◽  
Eiko I Fried ◽  
Paul Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Partial Correlation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Node Centrality ◽  
Partial Correlations ◽  
Centrality Score

The aim of this work is to perform a network analysis on the French adaptation of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) scale from a large Belgian database and provide additional information for the construct of empathy. We analyze a database of 1973 healthy young adults who were queried on the IRI scale. A regularized partial correlation network is estimated. In the visualization of the model, items are displayed as nodes, edges represent regularized partial correlations between the nodes. Centrality denotes a node's connectedness with other nodes in the network. The spinglass algorithm and the walktrap algorithm are used to identify communities of items, and state-of-the-art stability analyses are carried out. The spinglass algorithm identifies four communities, the walktrap algorithm five communities. Positive edges are found among nodes belonging to the same community as well as among nodes belonging to different communities. Item 14 ("Other people's misfortunes do not usually disturb me a great deal") shows the highest strength centrality score. The network edges and node centrality order are accurately estimated. Network analysis highlights interesting connections between indicators of empathy; how these results impact empathy models must be assessed in further studies.

Item Response Model Investigation of the (German) Interpersonal Reactivity Index Empathy Questionnaire

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Koller ◽  
Claus Lamm
Keyword(s):  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Reactivity Index ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Partial Credit Model ◽  
Item Response Model ◽  
Interpersonal Reactivity Index ◽  
Latent Construct ◽  
Psychometric Quality

Abstract. The interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) is a widely used personality questionnaire for measuring empathy. We investigated the psychometric properties of the German version using the partial credit model. If this model fits the data, the raw-scores are fair measures of the latent construct. Only in such a case, further analyses based on the raw-scores are accurate and valid. The results showed model fit only for the subscale empathic concern. The subscales perspective taking and fantasy consisted of two theoretically explainable sub-dimensions. For the subscale personal distress, no model fit could be achieved. Our study provides important information on the psychometric qualities of the IRI that has been repeatedly used to assess, for example, group differences. It demonstrates that these analyses were not warranted by the psychometric quality of the questionnaire. Our results provide direct suggestions (e.g., theoretically explainable sub-dimensions) for further developments of the IRI to overcome this limitation.

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